ˆnvGmb
knx` ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx (1892-1963) evsjvi
gyLÅg¯¨x (1946) ‰es cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉavbg¯¨x (1956-57)| wZwb 1892 mvGj fviGZi
cwøgeGãi ˆgw`bxcyi ˆRjvi ‰K mÁÀv¯¦ cwievGi R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx
AÝGdvWÆ wek¼we`Åvjq ˆ^GK we.‰mwm (mÁÃvb) I we.wm.‰j wWwMÉ jvf KGib ‰es
cGi j´£Gbi ˆMÉBR Bb ˆ^GK eÅwiÕ¡vi-‰U-j mÁ·®² KGib| 1920 mvGj BsjÅv´£
ˆ^GK fviGZ wdGiB wZwb ivRbxwZGZ AskMÉnY KGib|
ˆnvGmb knx`
ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx 1921 ˆ^GK 1958 mvGji gGaÅ wewf®² mgGq eãxq eÅeÕ©vcK
mfv ‰es cvwKÕ¦vb MYcwilG`i m`mÅ wQGjb| wZwb Zuvi ivR‹bwZK RxeGb wewf®²
ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cG` AwawÓ¤Z ˆ^GKGQb| ˆmmGei gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ nGjv 1924 mvGj
KjKvZv KGcÆvGikGbi ˆWcywU ˆgqi, 1937 mvGji wbeÆvPGbvîi dRjyj nK
ˆKvqvwjkb gw¯¨mfvi kÉg I evwYRÅ g¯¨x, 1943-1945 mvGj LvRv bvwRgywób
gw¯¨mfvq ˆemvgwiK mieivn g¯¨x, 1946-47 mvGj Awefî× evsjvi gyLÅg¯¨x,
cvwKÕ¦vb AvgGj 1954-55 mvGj ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjxi gw¯¨mfvq AvBbg¯¨x ‰es 1956-1957
mvGj 13 gvm cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉavbg¯¨x|
ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx
wQGjb ‰K cÉwZfvevb ivR‹bwZK msMVK| wek kZGKi weGki `kGK KjKvZv
ˆLjvdZ KwgwUi mvaviY mÁ·v`K ^vKvKvGj wZwb cÉ^g Zuvi ˆhvMÅZvi Õ¼vÞi
ivGLb| ‰KRb kÉwgKGbZv wnGmGe KjKvZvq ivR‹bwZK KgÆRxeb ÷i‚ KGi
wZwb ռ͸ mgGqi gGaÅ bvweK, ˆijKgÆPvix, cvUKj I myZvKj KgÆPvix,
wiÝvPvjK, MvwoPvjK cÉf‡wZ ˆgnbwZ gvbyGli cÉvq 36wU ˆUÇW BDwbqb
msMVb MGo ˆZvGjb| 1926 mvGj wZwb Bw´£GcG´£´Ÿ gymwjg cvwUÆ cÉwZÓ¤v
KGib| 1929 mvGj cieZÆx AÅvGmÁ¼wj wbeÆvPGbi mgq wZwb ˆeãj gymwjg
BGjKkb ˆevWÆ bvGg Aci ‰KwU msMVb MGo ˆZvGjb| 1937 mvGji wbeÆvPGbi
cƒGeÆ ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx KjKvZvq BDbvBGUW gymwjg cvwUÆ bvGg ‰KwU
`j MVb KGib ‰es wbGR ‰B `Gji mÁ·v`K nb| 1906 mvGj cÉwZwÓ¤Z gymwjg jxM ZLb wQj ‰KwU gygƒlyÆ msMVb| Avm®² wbeÆvPGb
cÉwZ«¼w±«¼Zvi RbÅ fviGZi gymjgvbG`i ‰KwU meÆfviZxq msMVb
wnGmGe gymwjg jxMGK cybi‚äxweZ Kivi DG`ÅvM ˆbb ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®²vn | |
|
ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx |
ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx wR®²vni Avn»vGb mvov w`Gq wbGRi beMwVZ `j wbGq gymwjg
jxGM ˆhvM ˆ`b| cÉavbZ ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æxi mvsMVwbK kwî×i myevG`B gymwjg
jxM fviGZi meÆGgvU 11 cÉG`Gki gGaÅ ˆKej evsjvq mvdjÅ ARÆb KGi| 121wU
gymwjg AvmGbi gGaÅ 39wU Avmb cvq gymwjg jxM ‰es dRjyj nGKi ˆbZ‡Z½vaxb
K‡lK-cÉRv cvwUÆi mGã ˆKvqvwjkb gw¯¨mfv MVGb mg^Æ nq| 1937-43 mvGj eãxq
gymwjg jxGMi mvaviY mÁ·v`K ^vKvKvGj ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx mgMÉ cÉG`Gk `jGK
msMwVZ Kivi KvGR AvZÄwbGqvM KGib| cÉK‡ZcGÞ wZwbB wQGjb evsjvq gymwjg
jxGMi Õ©cwZ| nK-weGivax AvG±`vjGbi gvaÅGg gvò 16 gvGmi gGaÅ Z^vKw^Z
kÅvgv-nK gw¯¨mfvi (1941-1943) cZb NUvGbvi ˆÞGò wZwbB wQGjb gƒj kwî×|
1946 mvGji wbeÆvPGb evsjvq gymwjg jxGMi weÕÃqKi weRGqi i…cKviI wQGjb
wZwb| ˆmB wbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxM 121wU msiwÞZ AvmGbi gGaÅ wRGZwQj 114wU
AvmGb| ‰ weRqGK AGbGKB cvwKÕ¦vb cÉwZÓ¤vi cGÞ gymjgvbG`i ivq eGj gGb
KGib, Avi ‰B wePvGi ˆmvn&ivIqv`ÆxI wQGjb wR®²vn&i mGã cvwKÕ¦vb
ivGÓ¡Ëi AbÅZg mËÓ¡v|
1949
mvGji 23 Ryb cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉ^g I cÉavb weGivax`j AvIqvgx gymwjg jxGMi
(cieZÆxKvGj AvIqvgx jxM) cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆÞGòI ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æxi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
f„wgKv wQj| ‰ `j MVGb wZwb KjKvZv ˆ^GK Zuvi cƒeÆeãxq mg^ÆKG`i civgkÆ
I mvnm hywMGqGQb| cvwKÕ¦vb cÉwZÓ¤vi gvò 7 eQGii gGaÅ 1954 mvGj AbywÓ¤Z
cÉ^g cÉvG`wkK cwil` wbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxM hyî×dÌG´Ÿi KvGQ ˆkvPbxqfvGe
civwRZ nq| ‰B wbeÆvPGb gymwjg jxM cÉvG`wkK cwilG`i meÆGgvU 309 AvmGbi
gGaÅ gvò 9 Avmb jvf KGi| wbeÆvPGbi ‰B djvdGjI ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æxi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
f„wgKv wQj| cvwKÕ¦vGb MYZ¯¨ cybtcÉwZÓ¤vi RbÅ bÅvkbvj ˆWGgvGò×wUK dÌ´Ÿ
(‰b.wW.‰d) MVb KGi wZwb 1962-63 mvGji AvBqye-weGivax mwÁÃwjZ ˆRvGUi
AvG±`vjGb gyLÅ f„wgKv cvjb KGib|
wefvMcƒeÆKvGj
ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx gymwjg mÁcÉ`vGqi Õ¼v^ÆiÞvq meÆ`vB Zrci wQGjb| 1932
mvGj j´£Gb AbywÓ¤Z Z‡Zxq ˆMvjGUwej ŠeVGK wZwb gymjgvbG`i cÉwZwbwaZ½
KGib| wZwb ZvG`i RbÅ c†^K wbeÆvPb eÅeÕ©viI AUj mg^ÆK wQGjb| wR®²vni
DG`ÅvGM 1946 mvGji 7-9 ‰wcÉj w`wÍÏGZ AbywÓ¤Z gymwjg AvBb cÉGYZvG`i KbGfbkGb
M†nxZ AvbyÓ¤vwbK wm«¬vG¯¦i cÉÕ¦veKI wQGjb wZwb| ˆmvnivIqv`Æx evsjvi gyLÅg¯¨x ^vKvKvGj
cvwKÕ¦vGbi `vweGZ gymwjg jxM KZ‡ÆK cÉZÅÞ msMÉvg w`em (16 AvMÕ¡
1946) cvjbKvGj KjKvZvq ‘ˆMÉU KÅvjKvUv wKwjsm’ wnGmGe cwiwPZ ‰K fqven
mvÁcÉ`vwqK `vãv msNwUZ nq|
fviGZ
weËwUk JcwbGewkK kvmb AemvGbi cÉvØvGj ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx mgMÉ evsjv,
Avmvg I wenvGii gvbf„g, wmsf„g I mÁ¿eZ cƒwYqÆv ˆRjv mg¯¼Gq cƒeÆfviGZ
‘e†nr evsjv’ bvGg ‰KwU ivÓ¡Ë cÉwZÓ¤vi Õ¼µ² ˆ`GLwQGjb| ‰K^v meÆwew`Z
ˆh, fviZ wefvGMi cÉvØvGj evsjv cÉG`Gki ZrKvjxb gyLÅg¯¨x ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx
kirP±`Ê emy , wKiY ksKi ivq, mZÅiéb eK&wk cÉgyL wn±`y ˆbZvG`i
mnGhvGM fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vGbi cvkvcvwk ALí Õ¼vaxb evsjv bvGg Z‡Zxq ‰KwU
ˆWvwgwbqb cÉwZÓ¤vi DG`ÅvM MÉnY KGib| ZrKvjxb eãxq cÉvG`wkK gymwjg jxGMi
mÁ·v`K Aveyj nvwkg ‰GZ meÆvZÄK mg^Æb hywMGqwQGjb| ‰ cÉqvm mdj
nq wb|
ˆ`kwefvGMi
ci AbÅG`i mGã ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx ZLbB cvwKÕ¦vGb AvGmb wb| wZwb KjKvZvq
ˆ^GK hvb ‰es Mv®¬xi mGã kvw¯¦ wgkGbi KgÆKvGí wbGRGK wbGqvwRZ KGib| Aciw`GK,
gymwjg jxGMi mGeÆvœP bxwZ-wbaÆviK Z^v bZzb cvwKÕ¦vb ivGÓ¡Ëi KYÆaviG`i
mGã KLGbvB Zuvi mymÁ·KÆ wQj bv| ˆm KviGY 1949 mvGj ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx
cvwKÕ¦vGbi Õ©vqx evwm±`v bb ‰ ARynvGZ wjqvKZ Avjx LvGbi miKvi cvwKÕ¦vGbi
MYcwil` ˆ^GK ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æxi m`mÅ c` LvwiR KGi ˆ`q|
fviZ
I evsjv wefvGMi ci mvweÆKfvGeB ‰KwU wf®² cwiwÕ©wZi m†wÓ¡ nGqwQj| ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æxi
`†wÓ¡GZ AZtci cƒeÆevsjvi Õ¼vaxb AwÕ¦GZ½i Avi ˆKvb mÁ¿vebv wQj bv| ZvB
cwiewZÆZ cwiwÕ©wZGZ wZwb mwÁÃwjZ cvwKÕ¦vb ivÓ¡ËKvVvGgvi AvIZvq mgAwaKvi
I ÞgZvi mgvb Askx`vwiGZ½i wfwîGZ evOvwj I AevOvwj mgmÅvi mgvavGbi c^GKB
h^v^Æ eGj ˆfGewQGjb| wZwb cvwKÕ¦vGbi `yB AsGki gGaÅ mgZvi bxwZ ‰es cwøg
cvwKÕ¦vb ‰K BDwbU MVGbi ‰Kv¯¦ mg^ÆK wQGjb|
ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx
mvsweavwbK kvmGb `†pwek¼vmx wQGjb; Avi ‰ KviGYB wZwb 1954 mvGj `jxq
Avcwî DGcÞv KGi ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjxi gw¯¨mfvq AvBbg¯¨x wnGmGe ˆhvM ˆ`b| wZwb
cvwKÕ¦vGbi 1956 mvGji msweavb cÉYqGb ZvrchÆcƒYÆ f„wgKv
ivGLb| AvBbg¯¨x ^vKvKvGj ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æxi ewjÓ¤ I DG`ÅvMx f„wgKvi
myevG`B cvwKÕ¦vGbi `yB AsGki ˆbZ‡e†G±`i gGaÅ 1955 mvGj gvix Pzwî× mÁ¿e
nq ‰es ‰B Pzwî× cvwKÕ¦vGbi 1956 mvGji msweavb cÉYqGbi c^ myMg KGi|
ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx
‰KRb evÕ¦eev`x ivRbxwZwe` wnGmGe mycwiwPZ wQGjb| wefvMcƒeÆ KvGj evsjvi
gymjgvbG`i cøvrc`Zvi KviGY wZwb ZvG`i RbÅ c†^K wbeÆvPGbi ‰KRb ˆMuvov
mg^ÆK wQGjb| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vb m†wÓ¡i ci wZwb RvwZ-agÆ-eYÆ wbweÆGkGl ‰KwU
mvaviY RvZxqZv MGo ˆZvjvi RbÅ ˆhŒ^ wbeÆvPGbi cGÞ gZ ˆ`b| wZwb cÉavbg¯¨x
^vKvKvGj cvwKÕ¦vGbi RvZxq cwilG` ‰ msò×v¯¦ ‰KwU wej cvm nq| ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx
1963 mvGji 5 wWGmÁ¼i g†ZzÅeiY KGib| [nvi‚b-Ai-iwk`]
