wn±`y KGjR (1817-1855)  1817 mvGji 20 Rvbyqvwi KjKvZvq Õ©vwcZ nq| f`Ë wn±`y NGii m¯¦vbG`iGK BsGiwR I fviZxq fvlvmgƒn, Zrmn BDGivc I ‰wkqvi mvwnZÅ I weævb welGq wkÞv`vb wQj ‰B KGjR Õ©vcGbi cÉv^wgK DGókÅ| evsjvi mgvR I mvsÕ•‡wZK RxeGb KGjRwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi|

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BsGiwR Õ•zj cÉwZÓ¤vi aviYvwU ZGZvw`Gb Õ·Ó¡ nGq DGVGQ| ‰ mgq ˆWwfW ˆnqvi‰i fviGZ BsGiwR wkÞvi cwiK͸bv mevi mg^Æb jvf KGi| ‰Z`yGóÅGkÅ `xDqvb Še`Åbv^ gyLvRÆxGK Puv`v ˆZvjvi `vwqZ½ ˆ`Iqv nq| KjKvZv mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi cÉavb wePvicwZ mÅvi ‰WIqvWÆ nvBW BÕ¡ KwgwUi ˆPqvigÅvb ‰es ˆhvGmd eÅvGiGUv ˆKvlvaÅÞ nb| KwgwU 1,13,179 UvKv msMÉn KiGZ mg^Æ nq| eaÆgvGbi gnvivRv (ˆZRPuv` evnv`yi) I ˆMvcxGgvnb VvKzi DfGqB KwgwUGK 10,000 UvKv cÉ`vb KGib| Avw`GZ wn±`y KGjR `ywU kvLvq wefî× wQj| ‰i ‰KwU cvVkvjv (Õ•zj), AbÅwU gnvcvVkvjv (KGjR)| Õ•zGj BsGiwR, evsjv, eÅvKiY I cvwUMwYZ wkÞv ˆ`Iqv nGZv| AbÅw`GK KGjGR ˆkLvGbv nGZv fvlv, BwZnvm, f„GMvj, ò×GbvjwR ev Kvjwbi…cY we`Åv, ˆRÅvwZweÆ`Åv, AâkvÕ¨, imvqbwe`Åv ‰es weævGbi AbÅvbÅ welq| DG«¼vabx w`Gb wn±`y KGjGRi QvòmsLÅv wQj 20| cieZÆx wZb gvGm Zv e†w«¬ ˆcGq `uvovq 69 RGb|

‰KwU eÅeÕ©vcbv KwgwUi Ici wn±`y KGjGRi cÉkvmb-fvi bÅÕ¦ wQj| ‰B KwgwUGZ eskvbyò×wgK MfbÆie†±`, AvRxeb MfbÆie†±`, evrmwiK wWGiÙie†±` ‰es ZuvG`i ˆWcywUiv ^vKGZb| cvV`vGbi eÅq wbeÆvGni RbÅ KGjGRi eÅeÕ©vcGKiv ‰KwU wkÞv Znwej MVGbi DG`ÅvM MÉnY KGiwQGjb| wVK nGqwQj hviv 400 UvKv Puv`v ˆ`Geb ZvG`i cÉGZÅGKi Zid ˆ^GK ‰KRb Qvò `yeQGii RbÅ webv LiGP wkÞv jvf KiGe| 1818 mvGji gGaÅ ‰iKg ‰Kk’ Rb Qvò msMÉGni jÞÅgvòv wÕ©i Kiv nq| wK¯§ 1818 mvGj ˆWwfW ˆnqvGii KÅvjKvUv Õ•zj ˆmvmvBwU ˆ^GK cvVvGbv 20-30 Rb QvòB gvò ‰B eÅeÕ©v ˆ^GK DcK‡Z nGqwQj| evwKG`iGK ˆeZb w`GZ nq| 1819 mvGj ‰ eÅeÕ©v DGV hvq|

wn±`y KGjGRi meGPGq eo ŠewkÓ¡Å wQj agÆ wbiGcÞ wkÞv cÉeZÆGbi my`†p cÉqvm| f`Ë wn±`y NGii m¯¦vbG`i RbÅ cÉwZwÓ¤Z nGjI KGjGRi fviZxq eÅeÕ©vcGKiv wn±`y agÆZî½ ev wn±`y `kÆbkvGÕ¨i cwieGZÆ BsGiwR mvwnZÅ I BDGivcxq weævb wkÞvi IciB AwaK ài‚Z½ w`GZb|

wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vb wnGmGe wn±`y KGjR mg†w«¬ jvf KGi| wK¯§ ‰i myÓ¤z cwiPvjbvi ˆÞGò ZnweGji Afve wQj eo euvav| ˆWwfW ˆnqvGii civgGkÆ miKvGii KvGQ Avw^ÆK mnvqZvi RbÅ AvGe`b Kiv nq| 1824 mvGj mycvwik Kiv nq ˆh, msÕ•‡Z KGjGRi ˆmGò×Uvwii c` ‰es ˆRbvGij KwgwU Ae cvewjK BbÕ¡ËvKkb&m& ‰i ˆmGò×Uvwii c` `ywU ‰K Kiv ˆnvK| bZzb msÕ•‡Z KGjGR wn±`y KGjRGK A¯¦fzÆî× Kivi RbÅ miKvi `ywU Õ¼Z¯¨ feb wbgÆvY KiGZ mÁÃZ nq| ÷ay ZvB bq, wn±`y KGjGR ‰K&m&GcwiGg´Ÿvj wdGjvmwd-i ‰KwU c` m†wÓ¡GZI miKvi mÁÃZ nq| ˆRbvGij KwgwU Ae cvewjK BbÕ¡ËvK&kb&m ‰i ˆmGò×Uvwi ‰BP.‰BP DBjmb ‰B cÉÕ¦ve cÉZÅvLÅvb KGib| ‰i KviY, wkÞv`vb c«¬wZGZ KGjR `ywU wf®²gZ ˆcvlY KiZ| DchÆyî× cÉÕ¦ve evÕ¦evwqZ nGj wn±`y KGjGRi agÆ wbiGcÞ Pwiò wejxb nGq ˆhZ ‰es ‰wU wkÞvi cÉvPÅG`kxq we`ÅvcxGVi BsGiwR kvLvq cwiYZ nGZv|

1826 mvj bvMv` KGjGRi QvòmsLÅv DGÍÏLGhvMÅfvGe e†w«¬ cvq| ‰GZ KGi msÕ•‡Z KGjGRi RbÅ bewbwgÆZ miKvwi feGbi `ywU AskB bevMZ QvòG`i «¼viv cƒYÆ nGq hvq|

1824 mvGj ˆeZb cÉ^v cybivq Pvjy Kiv nq| we`Åv^ÆxG`i aGi ivLvi RbÅ DBjmb e†wî cÉ`vGbi cÉÕ¦ve KGib| nwibv^ ivq I Kvwjkâi ˆNvlvGji Avw^ÆK mnvqZvi KjÅvGY ‰B cÉÕ¦ve evÕ¦evwqZ nq| wmwbqi I Rywbqi ‰B `ywU wefvM wbGq wn±`y KGjR Zvi KvhÆò×g ÷i‚ KGi| cÉGZÅK wefvGM wQj PviwU KGi KÑvm| ‰B cÉwZÓ¤vGb BsGiwR, evsjv A^ev msÕ•‡Z ‰es dviwm fvlv ˆkLvGbv nGZv| dviwm ˆklvewa msÕ•‡Z fvlvi RvqMv `Lj KGi| 1824 mvGj wW im weævb-KÑvmmgƒn ÷i‚ KGib| 1828 mvj bvMv` ‰B KÑvmàwj AZů¦ RbwcÉq nGq IGV| ieÆvU UvBUjvi-‰i wbGqvM weævbwefvGMi ˆmŒ±`hÆÅ I AvKlÆY AviI e†w«¬ KGi| ‰fvGe `Ë‚ZMwZGZ ‰wMGq PGj KGjR| 1831 mvGj ˆRbvGij KwgwU ‰B eGj mG¯¦vl cÉKvk KGi ˆh, Qvòiv BsGiwR fvlvq cÉksmbxq `ÞZv ARÆb KGiGQ, ‰gbwK weævGbi mGã ZvG`i cwiPq KLbI KLbI BDGivcxq QvòG`i cÉvq mgZzjÅ|

1828 mvGj AÅvsGjv-Bw´£qvb ˆnbix jyB wfwfqvb wWGivwRI BsGiwR mvwnZÅ I BwZnvGmi wkÞK wbhyî× nb| QvòG`i Ici Zuvi weÕÃqKi cÉfve wQj| Zuvi QvòG`i AGbGKB wbGRG`iGK Bqs ˆeãj MÉ‚Gci m`mÅ eGj AwfwnZ KiZ| wWGivwRI ˆh wRævmvGeva QvòG`i gGaÅ mçvwiZ KGiwQGjb Zv `xNÆKvj RvMÉZ wQj|

wn±`y KGjGRi QvòmsLÅv ÷ay e†w«¬B cvwœQj bv, eis mÁ·ÉmvwiZ nwœQj ‰i cvVò×gI| AvBb I ‘ivR‹bwZK A^ÆbxwZ’ welGq AaÅvcGKi c` m†wÓ¡ Kivq KGjGRi KgÆcwiwaGZ ‰KwU bZzb gvòv msGhvwRZ nq| 1835 mvGj jWÆ gÅvKGj‰i weLÅvZ ‘wgwbUm’ cÉKvwkZ nGj BsGiwR wkÞv bZzb ˆcÉiYv jvf KGi| ‰KB eQi wn±`y KGjGR BsGiwR mvwnGZÅi AaÅvcK wnGmGe KÅvG¶Ÿb ˆWwfW ˆjmUvi wiPvWÆmb-‰i wbhywî× cÉgvY KGi ˆh miKvwi `†wÓ¡fwãi cwieZÆb NUGQ| 1839 mvj bvMv` AwZwiî× wKQy wbGqvGMi gvaÅGg miKvi wn±`y KGjRGK AviI mvnvhÅ cÉ`vb KGiwQj| 1847 mvGj ‰KwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ cÉkvmwbK cwieZÆb NGU| KGjGRi kxlÆc` wnGmGe wcÉw´ÖcÅvj-‰i ‰KwU Õ¼Z¯¨ c` m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq| axGi axGi ˆnW gvÕ¡vi-‰i c`wU weGjvc Kiv nq ‰es `ywU kvLvGK ‰KwU ‰KK eÅeÕ©vcbvi AaxGb Avbv nq| 1847 mvGjB ‘BbwRwbqvwis’ ‰es ‘‰Km&GcwiGg´Ÿvj’ I ‘bÅvPvivj wdGjvmwd’ welGq AaÅvcGKi c` m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq| kZÆ ^vGK ˆh, DchyÆî× welGq cÉ`î ˆjKPvivw` agÆ-eYÆ wbweÆGkGl mevi RbÅ D¯Ãyî× nGe| ‰i dGj wn±`y KGjR Zvi mvÁ·É`vwqK mxgve«¬Zv AwZò×g KGi ˆhGZ mgÆ^ nq|

BsGiwR wkÞvi Pvwn`v ‰ mgq `Ë‚Z e†w«¬ cvq| ‰ AeÕ©vq miKvi AviI KGjR Õ©vcGbi cÉGqvRb Dcjwº¬ KGi, weGklZ ˆh mgÕ¦ KGjGR Büw`, wLËÓ¡vb, gymjgvb mKGjB cvVMÉnY KiGZ cviGe| ˆhGnZz wn±`y KGjR ˆKej wn±`yG`i RbÅB D¯Ãyî× wQj ˆmGnZz miKvi ‰wUGK ˆemiKvwi cÉwZÓ¤vb (hw`I Aby`vbcÉvµ¦) wnGmGe wUwKGq ivLvi RbÅ bZzb KGi wP¯¦v-fvebv ÷i‚ KGi| ‰KB `†wÓ¡fwã wbGq me mÁ·É`vGqi RbÅ D¯Ãyî× ‰es miKvi «¼viv cwiPvwjZ ‰KwU bZzb KGjR Õ©vcGbi cÉk²wUI weGePbv Kiv nq| AwaKZi A^Æ eÅGq ‰KwU bZzb KGjR Õ©vcGbi PvBGZ wn±`y KGjRGK miKvwi eÅeÕ©vaxb ‰KwU agÆ wbiGcÞ wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vGb i…cv¯¦wiZ Kivi cÉÕ¦ve miKvGii KvGQ AwaK MÉnYGhvMÅ eGj weGewPZ nq| imgq `î eÅZxZ KGjGRi AbÅvbÅ fviZxq eÅeÕ©vcK ‰-cÉGk² w«¼avwefî× nGq cGob| AekÅ miKvi ZvG`i weGivwaZv `†pfvGe cÉZÅvLÅvb KGi| 1854 mvGji 11 Rvbyqvwi wn±`y KGjGRi eÅeÕ©vcbv KwgwU ˆklevGii gGZv wgwjZ nq| ‰B eQGii 10 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i ˆKvUÆ Ae WvBGiÙmÆ ‰i AbyGgv`b msewjZ cÉævcb Rvwi Kiv nq| AeGkGl 1855 mvGji 15 ‰wcÉj wn±`y KGjGRi cwimgvwµ¦ NGU| Zvi Õ©Gj Avwef„ÆZ nq ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö KGjR , 1855 mvGji 15 Ryb hvi hvòv ÷i‚|  [iPbv Pò×eZÆx]