Õ¼vÕ©Å I wPwKrmvweævb evsjvG`Gk wPwKrmv I Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev LvZ mvaviYZ `ywU DckvLvq wefî× RbÕ¼vÕ©Å ‰es wPwKrmv wkÞv| myÕ¼vÕ©Å gvbyGli AbÅZg cÉavb Pvwn`v ‰es Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmevi myGhvM jvf mevi ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi| mvÁcÉwZKKvGj Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv LvGZ evsjvG`k DGÍÏLGhvMÅ mvdjÅ ARÆb KiGjI ‘mevi RbÅ Õ¼vÕ©Å’ ‰ jGÞÅ ‰LbI ˆcuŒQvGbv mÁ¿e nq wb| ZGe gvbyGli gGaÅ ò×geaÆgvb Õ¼vÕ©ÅmGPZbvi KviGY Õ¼vÕ©ÅmswkÏÓ¡ kvLvàwjGZ BwZevPK cwieZÆb jÞÅ Kiv hvGœQ| wPwKrmv, Õ¼vÕ©Å I Jlamsò×v¯¦ wewf®² ài‚Z½cƒYÆ w`Kàwj nGjv|

BwZnvm

Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev

ˆivM-eÅvwa

Õ¼vÕ©ÅbxwZ

Õ¼vÕ©Å Rbkwî×

wPwKrmv wkÞv I MGelYv

cywÓ¡ wkÞv I MGelYv

dvGgÆwm wkÞv I MGelYv

dvGgÆwm AwWbÅv´Ö, 1976

Õ¼vÕ©Å A^ÆbxwZ

Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmevq ˆemiKvwi msÕ©v

BwZnvm  cÉvPxb wPwKrmvwe`Åvi ÷i‚ AvR ˆ^GK KGqK nvRvi eQi AvGM| Avw`g gvbyl ˆivMevjvB I AbÅvbÅ `yGhÆvMGK mËÓ¡vi Awfkvc, kixGi f„ZGcÉGZi A÷f AvQi ev `yÓ¡MÉGni KzcÉfvGei dj gGb KiZ| cieZÆx KvGji gvbyl wPwKrmvwe`Åvi AGbK D®²wZ NUvq ‰es wewf®² `ËeÅvw` ˆivGMi wbivgGq eÅenvi KGi|

Šew`K hyM ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi eZÆgvbKvj chƯ¦ fviZxq wPwKrmv c«¬wZ AvqyGeÆ` A^Ævr cÉvYweævb bvGg AwfwnZ| AvGòq (cÉvq 800 wLËÓ¡cƒeÆvGõ), PiK, mykÉ‚Z I fMeZ wQGjb AvqyGeÆG`i wekÉ‚Z weGklæ| cÉ^g fviZxq wPwKrmv weævbx I wkÞKi…Gc cwiMwYZ AvGòq eZÆgvb cvwKÕ¦vGbi ZÞkxjvi evwm±`v wQGjb| eZÆgvbKvGjI AvqyGeÆG`i AbÅZg RbwcÉq bvg PiK wQGjb ˆeŒ«¬ivRv KwYGÓ•i ivRwPwKrmK (200 wLËÓ¡võ)| PiGKi wPwKrmv weævGbi weLÅvZ Mɯ©wUi bvg PiK-mswnZv| evivYmxi evwm±`v mykÉ‚Z fviZxq kjÅwPwKrmvi AvKiMɯ© mykÉ‚Z-mswnZv wjGLwQGjb| cÉvPxb fviZxq wPwKrmKMY f™² ev Õ©vbPzÅZ AwÕ©mw®¬i wPwKrmv, kixGii AeyÆ` (wUDgvi), nvwbÆqv I ˆPvGLi Qvwb AcmviGY `Þ wQGjb| fviGZ gymjgvb weRGqi ci ˆ^GK AvqyGeÆ` wPwKrmvi ò×Gg AebwZ NUGZ ^vGK| cvVvb I gyMj ivRvG`i AvbyK„GjÅ weKwkZ BDbvwb wZwe» wPwKrmv c«¬wZ AvqyGeÆG`i Õ©vb `Lj KiGZ ^vGK| ‰fvGe AvVvGiv kZGK weËwUk ivRGZ½i mƒPbvKvj chƯ¦ BDbvwb wZwe» wPwKrmvi cÉmvi AeÅvnZ ^vGK| w`wÍÏ, AvMÉv, AvjxMo, jGÞ°Œ, nvq`Ëvev` ‰me bMiGK ˆK±`Ê KGi BDbvwb wPwKrmv weKwkZ nGqwQj| 1810 I 1839 mvGji gaÅeZÆx mgGq RvgÆvb wPwKrmK mÅvgyGqj nÅvwbgÅvGbi ˆnvwgIcÅvw^ wPwKrmv fviGZ MÉnYGhvMÅZv cvq ‰es ‰LbI ‰B wPwKrmvi RbwcÉqZv AeÅvnZ iGqGQ|

eZÆgvb evsjvG`k f„LGí ‰GjvcÅvw^K wPwKrmvi cÉPjb nq weËwUk AvgGj| cÉv^wgK AeÕ©vq nvGZ ˆMvbv KGqKRb cÉwkÞYcÉvµ¦ ‰GjvcÅvw^K Wvî×vi wQGjb| ‰G`Gki cÉkvmwbK wbq¯¨Y my`†p nIqvi mGã mGã weËwUkiv `Þ BsGiR wPwKrmK wbGqvGMi ‰es Õ¼vÕ©ÅLvGZ cwieZÆb Avbvi cÉGqvRb Abyfe KGi| 1859 mvGj eü ˆemvgwiK ˆjvK I ˆmbv m`GmÅi g†ZzÅi KviY Abym®¬vGbi RbÅ ‰KwU iGqj Z`¯¦ Kwgkb fviGZ cvVvGbv nq| Kwgkb cÉwZwU ˆcÉwmGWw´ÖGZ ‰KwU KGi RbÕ¼vÕ©Å Kwgkb MVGbi mycvwik KGi| 1864 mvGj ˆevGÁ¼, gv`ËvR I ˆeãj ˆcÉwmGWw´Öi cÉGZÅKwUi RbÅ cÉwZwU 5 m`GmÅi 3wU mÅvwbUvwi Kwgkb MwVZ nq| wmwfj mvRÆbiv c`vwaKvieGj ˆRjv Õ¼vÕ©Å KgÆKZÆv wnGmGe wbGqvM cvb| 1869 mvGj ˆgwWKÅvj Awdmvi cG`i bvg e`Gj mÅvwbUvwi Kwgkbvi ivLv nq| miKvi H eQiB ˆKG±`Ê I AbÅvbÅ ivGRÅ KGqKRb mÅvwbUvwi Kwgkbvi wbhyî× KGi| 1873 mvGj AvBGbi gvaÅGg R¯Ãg†ZzÅ wbe®¬b evaÅZvgƒjK Kiv nq| 1880 mvGj àwUemG¯¦i wUKv ˆbIqvi RbÅ AvBb ‰es 1881 mvGj cÉ^gevGii gGZv fviZxq wk͸KviLvbv AvBb Pvjy nq| 1896 mvGj nvRvi nvRvi ˆjvK ˆµÏM ˆivGM gviv hvq ‰es miKvi ‰KwU ˆµÏM Kwgkb MVb KGi| 1897 mvGj msò×vgK eÅvwa AvBb ˆNvwlZ nq ‰es 1904 mvGj ˆµÏM Kwgkb ZvG`i wiGcvUÆ cÉKvk KGi| Kwgkb RbÕ¼vÕ©Å msÕ©vàwj cybMÆVGbi mycvwik KGi| AbÅvbÅ cÉG`Gki gGZv evsjvi mÅvwbUvwi Kwgkbvi RbÕ¼vÕ©Å wefvGMi cÉavb wnGmGe wbGqvM cvq ‰es msÕ©vi Awdm mvRÆb ˆRbvGiGji wbq¯¨GYi evBGi ^vGK| mÅvwbUvwi Kwgkbvi mivmwi ˆK±`Êxq miKvGii AaxGb KvR ÷i‚ KGi|

wek kZGK M†nxZ cÉavb Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev KvhÆò×gàwj wbÁ²i…c:

1901	- XvKvq AvqyGeÆw`K JlGai KviLvbv kwî× Jlavjq cÉwZÓ¤v|
1912	- cƒYÆvã wkÞv I Õ¼vÕ©ÅwefvM MVb|
1914	- XvKvq mvabv Jlavjq cÉwZÓ¤v|
1919	- gG´Ÿà-ˆPgmGdvGWÆi cÉkvmwbK msÕ•vi AvBb Abyhvqx Õ¼vÕ©Å, mÅvwbGUkb I Õ¼vÕ©Å cwimsLÅvGbi `vwqZ½ cÉvG`wkK miKviàwji Ici bÅÕ¦|
1930	- mvBgb Kwgkb KZ‡ÆK ‰KwU ˆK±`Êxq Õ¼vÕ©Å ˆevWÆ MVb KGi wewf®² cÉG`Gki Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmevi weKvk I mg¯¼q weavGbi mycvwik|
1930	- evsjvi ivRavbx KjKvZvq iKGdjvi dvDG´£kGbi A^ÆvbyK„GjÅ All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health cÉwZÓ¤v|
1943	- w«¼Zxq gnvhy«¬ I `ywfÆGÞi cUf„wgGZ fviZ miKvi mÅvi ˆRvGmd ˆfvi-‰i ˆbZ‡GZ½ RbÕ¼vÕ©Å ˆmevi Rwic I weKvGki DGóGkÅ ‰KwU KwgwU MVb KGi| KwgwUi ‰B wiGcvGUÆ 1945 mvGj fviGZ ‘mgw¯¼Z Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev’ ‰B cwifvlvwU cÉ^g eÅen…Z nq| ZGe Kwgkb ‘mgw¯¼Z Õ¼vÕ©Å eÅeÕ©v’ ejGZ ‰KwU cƒYÆvã ˆivMwbeviK, AvGivMÅKi I D®²qbgƒjK Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev eÅeÕ©vGK ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆfŒGMvwjK AçGji cÉwZwU evwm±`vi wbKU ˆcuŒQvGbvGK eywSGqwQj|
1946	- XvKvq ˆgwWKÅvj KGjR cÉwZÓ¤v| cƒeÆvçjxq ‰B cÉG`kwUGZ fviZ ˆ^GK AwaK msLÅvq D«¼vÕ§ AvMgGbi dGj ‰es h^vh^ Õ¼vÕ©ÅmGPZbZv, Õ¼vÕ©Åweavb I RbÕ¼vÕ©Å myweavw`i Afve, ˆhgb cÉwZGlaK Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev bv ^vKvq bvbv aiGbi gnvgvix ˆ`Lv w`GqwQj| cÉvG`wkK miKvi AekÅ ˆK±`Êxq miKvGii KvQ ˆ^GK weGkl mvnvhÅ QvovB mgmÅvàwj h^vmvaÅ ˆgvKvwejv KGiwQj|
1950	- cvwKÕ¦vb AvBb cwilG` evaÅZvgƒjK wbGqvM AvBb cvm Kivq Wvî×viG`i RbÅ miKvwi Õ¼vÕ©ÅLvGZ PvKzwi evaÅZvgƒjK nq|
1953	- knx` ˆmvnivIqv`Æx nvmcvZvj cÉwZÓ¤v|
1967	- Institute of Post Graduate Medicine and Research (IPGMR) cÉwZÓ¤v|
1981	- cãy nvmcvZvj ‰es wk÷ nvmcvZvj cÉwZÓ¤v|
1999	- eãe®¬z ˆkL gywReyi ingvb wPwKrmv wek¼we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v|

knx` ˆmvnivIqv`Æx nvmcvZvj KgGµÏGÝi wfZGiB 1980-‰i `kGK National Institute of cardio-vascular Diseases (NICVD) ‰es National Institute for Opthalmology cÉwZÓ¤vb `ywUi KvhÆò×g ÷i‚ nq| wbcmg (National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine/NIPSOM) MwVZ nq 1980 mvGj ‰es KGjiv nvmcvZvj Av¯¦RÆvwZK D`ivgq ˆivM MGelYv ˆK±`Ê AvBwmwWwWAvi,we (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh/ICDDR,B) bvGg cwiewZÆZ nq| ‰KB mgq MGo IGV evsjvG`k WvqvGewUK AÅvGmvwmGqkb KZ‡ÆK cÉwZwÓ¤Z I cwiPvwjZ eviGWg (BIRDEM) nvmcvZvj|  [gvmy`yi ingvb wcÉ´Ö]

Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev (Healthcare)  Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv LvGZ wKQy DGÍÏLGhvMÅ mvdjÅ ARÆb Kiv mGî½I MZ 40 eQGi evsjvG`Gk Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev weZiGY mgZvcƒYÆ AeÕ©v m†wÓ¡ Kiv mÁ¿e nq wb| AG^Æi Afve ‰es Abychyî× wPwKrmv ˆmev mieivGni dGj `wi`Ë RbGMvÓ¤xi wPwKrmvi myGhvM-myweav msKzwPZ nGqGQ| PZz^Æ cçevwlÆK cwiK͸bvi (1990-1995) Õ¼vÕ©Å welqK AbyGœQG`i cÉviGÁ¿ ejv nGqGQ ‘Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev cvIqv ˆhGKvb eÅwî×i ˆgŒwjK AwaKvi’| cçg cçevwlÆK cwiK͸bvq (1997-2002) ejv nGqGQ ‘wPwKrmv ˆmev cÉ`vb Kiv miKvGii ‰KwU mvsweavwbK evaÅevaKZv’| ˆ`Gki Õ¼vÕ©Å cwiwÕ©wZi cwieZÆGbi ˆcÉÞvcGU Õ¼vÕ©ÅLvGZ, weGklZ eÅeÕ©vcbv KvVvGgv, ˆmevcÉ`vb eÅeÕ©v ‰es miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi mÁ·` eÅenvGii ˆÞGò msÕ•vGii DG`ÅvM M†nxZ nGqGQ| mviv weGk¼ Õ¼vÕ©Å cwiwÕ©wZ cwieZÆGbi mGã mGã evsjvG`GkI mgGqi eÅeavGb Õ¼vÕ©Å cwiwÕ©wZi wPò e`Gj hvGœQ| ‰me cwieZÆGbi cÉavb KviYàwji gGaÅ iGqGQ `Ë‚ZnvGi RbmsLÅv e†w«¬, ò×geaÆgvb bMivqY I ˆ`Gk weivRgvb ˆivMeÅvwai cÉK‡wZ cwieZÆb| gÅvGjwiqv I KvjvR¾Gii cybivwefÆve, ˆWãy, ˆMv`, hÞÄv BZÅvw` bZzb I cybivwefƃZ ˆivGMi A͸ KGqKwU `†Ó¡v¯¦| ‰Qvov ˆhŒbGivM, ‰BWm RbÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ wecäbK msò×vgK ˆivMeÅvwa ò×gv¯¼Gq e†w«¬ cvGœQ| n…`GivM, e†GØi eÅvwa, gvbwmK AmyÕ©Zv, KÅvbmvi ‰es aƒgcvb I g`ÅcvGbi mGã mswkÏÓ¡ ˆivMeÅvwaI evoGQ| evsjvG`Gki AGbK AçGj f„MfÆÕ© cvwbGZ AvGmÆwbGKi ewaÆZ gvòv RbÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ ‰K mÁ¿veÅ wec` wnGmGe ˆ`Lv w`GqGQ| mÁ¿eZ evsjvG`Gk wKQy ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve ˆeGo hvGe ‰es cyiGbv ˆivMeÅvwa I bZzb D«¿„Z msò×vgK ˆivMeÅvwa cvkvcvwk weivR KiGe| AcywÓ¡, hÞÄv, cÉRbb Õ¼vGÕ©Åi mgmÅv, D`ivgq, k¼vmbvjxi mgmÅv BZÅvw`i cÉfve RbMGYi Ici AeÅvnZ ^vKGe|

PZz^Æ cçevwlÆK cwiK͸bvi Õ¼vÕ©Å I cwievi KjÅvY LvGZi chvÆGjvPbv KGi cçg cçevwlÆK cwiK͸bvq ejv nGqGQ ˆh, Õ¼vaxbZv-Dîi 25 eQGi RbMGYi Õ¼vÕ©Å cwiwÕ©wZi DGÍÏLGhvMÅ D®²wZ nGqGQ| àwUem¯¦, KGjiv I gÅvGjwiqv wbgƃj nGqGQ ev ‰àwj A¯¦Z ‰Lb Avi cÉavb cÉvYniYKvix ˆivM bq| 1970 mvGj Mo Avqy wQj 45, Zv e†w«¬ ˆcGq 2000 mvGj nq 60.8| 1975 mvGj ˆgvU R¯Ãnvi wQj 6.3, 1995 mvGj Zv nËvm ˆcGq nq 3.4| 1990-ˆZ g†ZzÅnvi wQj 12.0, 1995 mvGj Zv nËvm ˆcGq nq 9.0 ‰es Zv AviI nËvm cvGœQ| 1995 mvGj mÁcÉmvwiZ wUKv`vb KgÆmƒwPi AvIZvq wUKv`vb mÁ·®² nq 66 kZvsk| 1995-ˆZ wk÷g†ZzÅi nvi nËvm ˆcGq nq cÉwZ nvRvGi 78| Abyi…cfvGe cuvP eQGii Kgeqmx wk÷ g†ZzÅi nvi 1970 `kGK wQj cÉwZ nvRvGi 210-‰i AwaK, 1995-ˆZ Zv ˆbGg AvGm cÉwZ nvRvGi 133 RGb|

Õ¼vÕ©Å I cwievi cwiK͸bv ˆÞGò cÉavb PÅvGjéàwj nGœQ cÉv^wgK ˆmevcÉvwµ¦ mÁcÉmviY ‰es miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi Dfq LvGZ ˆmevi gvb D®²qb| miKvi KZ‡ÆK cÉYxZ Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv welqK bxwZgvjv (1998 ˆ^GK evÕ¦evqbvaxb) cÉYqb mvÁcÉwZKKvGji ‰K weivU ARÆb| Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv LvZ welqK bxwZgvjv cÉYxZ nGqGQ wewf®² chvÆGqi RbMGYi eÅvcK AskMÉnYwfwîK ‰KwU cÉwò×qvq| miKvi Zv AbyGgv`Gbi ci Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv LvGZi KgÆmƒwP evÕ¦evqb ÷i‚ KGiGQ| 1998-2000-‰i gGaÅ Õ¼vÕ©ÅLvGZ AvGiKwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ mvdjÅ nGœQ cÉ^gevGii gGZv ˆ`Gk ‰KwU RvZxq Õ¼vÕ©ÅbxwZ cÉYqb I miKvi KZƆK Zvi AbyGgv`b| bZzb RvZxq Õ¼vÕ©ÅbxwZ AbymvGi Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv LvZ welqK bxwZgvjv KvUQvU Kiv nGqGQ| ‰Uv mÁ¿e nGqGQ Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv LvZ welqK bxwZgvjv I RvZxq Õ¼vÕ©ÅbxwZ cÉYqGbi KvR cÉvq ‰KB mgGq ÷i‚ nGqwQj eGj|

Õ¼vÕ©Å cwiwÕ©wZ  mvÁcÉwZK Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅvZvwî½K RwiGci ‰K wiGcvGUÆ ejv nGqGQ, MÉvgvçGj 41 kZvsk gvbyl AmyÕ©Zvi KviGY RbcÉwZ eQGi 10 KgÆw`em nvivq| gv^vcÉwZ evrmwiK wPwKrmv LiP ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe ˆewk knivçGj 900 UvKv, MÉvgvçGj 600 UvKv| Dfq AçGj ‰B LiGPi cwigvY AvçwjK gvwmK `vwi`ËÅ mxgvGiLvi mgvb ev Zvi ˆPGq ˆewk|

R¯Ãnvi KGgGQ, wk÷G`i wUKv`vb cÉvq 70 kZvsGk ˆcuŒGQGQ| 1981 ˆ^GK 1992-‰i gGaÅ wPwKrmK RbmsLÅvi AbycvZ AGaÆK nËvm ˆcGq nq 1 : 5242 ‰es 2000-‰i ˆkl bvMv` Zv `uvovq 1 : 4719| bvmÆ I RbmsLÅvi AbycvZ 1 : 8226| 2000 mvGj wbe®¬bK‡Z wPwKrmGKi msLÅv 27,546, wbe®¬bK‡Z bvGmÆi msLÅv 15,804| 2000 mvGj nvmcvZvj khÅvi msLÅv 40,793, Z¯ÃGaÅ 29,402wU miKvwi nvmcvZvGji| ˆemiKvwi nvmcvZvj 13wU, miKvwi nvmcvZvGji msLÅvI 13|

‘Õ¼vÕ©Åevb evsjvG`Gki m®¬vGb : ‰Kzk kZGKi cÉZÅvkv’ wkGivbvGg wek¼eÅvsGKi ‰K cÉwZGe`Gb ejv nGqGQ, AcywÓ¡ I wk÷g†ZzÅi w`K ˆ^GK evsjvG`Gki Õ©vb ZvwjKvi kxGlÆ| ‰i KviY wnGmGe wPwn×Z nGqGQ `vwi`ËÅ, wbiÞiZv ‰es cÉavbZ AchvƵ¦ Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev| evsjvG`Gk 70 kZvsk gv I wk÷ AcywÓ¡i wkKvi| cÉwZw`b 600 wk÷i g†ZzÅ NGU AcywÓ¡i KviGY ‰es cÉwZ eQi 28,000 gvGqi g†ZzÅ NGU MfÆaviYmsò×v¯¦ ˆivMeÅvwa I RwUjZvq| eQGi 33 jvL 30 nvRvi wk÷i R¯Ã nq, ‰i gGaÅ ‰K-Z‡ZxqvsGki (11 jvL 10 nvRvi) R¯ÃKvjxb Š`wnK IRb nq Õ¼vfvweGKi ˆPGq Kg| cuvP eQGii Kgeqmx wk÷G`i `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk AcywÓ¡GZ ˆfvGM| Qq ˆ^GK 7 gvm eqmx wk÷G`i Õ¼vfvweK Š`wnK e†w«¬ NGU bv| m¯¦vb R¯Ã`vGbi mgq cÉwZ 1000 cÉmƒwZi gGaÅ 5 Rb gviv hvq| cÉwZ 9 RGbi gGaÅ 1 Rb wk÷ cuvP eQi eqGmi AvGM gviv hvq| `wi`ËZgG`i gGaÅ ‰B nvi cÉwZ 6 RGb 1 Rb| wk÷g†ZzÅi cÉavb KviYàwji gGaÅ iGqGQ wbDGgvwbqv, D`ivgq , AcywÓ¡ , nvg ‰es RG¯Ãi mgq abyÓ¡sKvi| ˆ`Gk cuvP eQGii Kgeqmx wk÷i msLÅv 2 ˆKvwU| Z¯ÃGaÅ 3 jvL 80 nvRvi cÉwZeQi gviv hvq| ‰i gGaÅ wbDGgvwbqvq 1 jvL 20 nvRvi, D`ivgGq 95 nvRvi, abyÓ¡sKvGi 19 nvRvi I nvGg 15 nvRvi| evsjvG`Gk wk÷g†ZzÅi AviI ‰KwU cÉavb KviY R¯ÃKvjxb ռ͸ IRb| eZÆgvGb miKvwi RbÕ¼vGÕ©Åi AeKvVvGgv wbÁ²i…c:

ˆgwWKÅvj KGjR I nvmcvZvj	13
weGkl nvmcvZvj I wPwKrmv ˆK±`	61
RvZxq BbwÕ¡wUDU	5
ˆgwWKÅvj wek¼we`Åvjq	1
Õ²vZGKvîi BbwÕ¡wUDU I nvmcvZvj	5
msò×vgK eÅvwa nvmcvZvj	5
hÞÄv nvmcvZvj	4
hÞÄv wKÑwbK	44
KzÓ¤ nvmcvZvj	3
gvbwmK nvmcvZvj	2
cÅvivGgwWK BbwÕ¡wUDU	1
ˆW´Ÿvj KGjR I nvmcvZvj	1
DcGRjv Õ¼vÕ©Å KgGµÏÝ	402
BDwbqb Õ¼vÕ©Å DcGK±`	3175

mG¯¦vlRbK AeKvVvGgv mGî½I Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev wmsnfvM RbGMvÓ¤xi bvMvGji evBGi iGq ˆMGQ| Õ¼vÕ©Å I cwievi KjÅvY g¯¨YvjGqi Õ¼vÕ©Å A^ÆbxwZ wefvGMi mvÁcÉwZK MGelYv AbymvGi, Õ¼vÕ©ÅLvGZ ˆgvU eÅGqi gvò 34 kZvsk miKvwi, 64 kZvsk cwieviàwj wbGRivB enb KGi ‰es gvò `yB kZvsGki Drm ˆemiKvwi msÕ©vàwj| 1997-98 mvGj Õ¼vÕ©ÅLvGZ ˆgvU eivó wQj 1480 ˆKvwU UvKv ev wRwWwc’i 1.3 kZvsk ev gv^vwcQy evwlÆK 117 UvKv|

ˆRjv nvmcvZvjàwji aviYÞgZv AGcÞv ˆivMxi msLÅv ˆewk nIqvq ˆmàwjGZ mvaviYZ AwZwiî× wfo ˆjGM ^vGK| wK¯§ wbÁ²Zi chÆvGqi wPwKrmv myweavàwj AeÅen…Z ˆ^GK hvq gƒjZ RbmvaviGYi AvÕ©vi AfvGe| Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv LvZ welqK bxwZgvjvi wfwîGZ cÉYxZ ‰es 1998 ˆ^GK evÕ¦evqbvaxb bZzb Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv LvZ welqK cçevwlÆK KgÆmƒwPi AvIZvq mgMÉ RbGMvÓ¤xGK PviwU wf®² wf®² chvÆGq ‰KwU AZÅvekÅKxq ˆmev cÅvGKR (ESP) ev KwgDwbwUwfwîK Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev cÉ`vGbi KgÆ-cwiK͸bv MÉnY Kiv nGqGQ| chÆvqàwj nGjv KwgDwbwU AvDU-wiP, Õ¼vÕ©Å I cwievi KjÅvY ˆK±`Ê ev MÉvgxY wPwKrmv ˆK±`Ê, cÉ^g ˆidvGij eÅeÕ©v wnGmGe DcGRjv Õ¼vÕ©Å KgGµÏÝ ‰es w«¼Zxq ˆidvGij eÅeÕ©v wnGmGe ˆRjv nvmcvZvj| Õ¼vÕ©Å KgÆmƒwPGZ miKvwi-ˆemiKvwi LvGZi mnGhvwMZv Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv LvZ welqK bxwZgvjvi ‰KwU Ask, hvi jÞÅ ˆemiKvwi LvZGK KvGR jvwMGq weGklZ bvix I wk÷mn `wi`Ë RbGMvÓ¤xi D®²ZgvGbi Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev cÉvwµ¦i myGhvM e†w«¬ Kiv| wk÷Õ¼vÕ©Å, cÉRbb Õ¼vÕ©Å, eqtmw®¬Kvjxb Õ¼vÕ©Å, cwievi cwiK͸bv , msò×vgK eÅvwa ‰es wbivgq ˆmevGK AZÅvekÅKxq ˆmev cÅvGKR-‰i A¯¦fÆyî× Kiv nGqGQ| ‰àwj evsjvG`Gki AMÉvwaKvigƒjK cÉv^wgK Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmevi w`K| evsjvG`Gki MÉvgvçGj emevmiZ gvbyl hvG`i Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev cÉvwµ¦i myGhvM A͸, ZvG`i RbÅ cÉv^wgK Õ¼vÕ©Å cwiPhÆv cÉ`vGbi DGóGkÅ ‰KUv ˆmevcÉ`vb eÅeÕ©v MGo ˆZvjv ‰àwji jÞÅ|

`wi`Ë gvbyl, weGklZ bvix I wk÷G`i KvGQ gvbmÁ·®² Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev ˆcuŒQvGbvi KvGR Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv welqK KgÆmƒwPàwjGZ ˆemiKvwi LvGZi AGbK mvdjÅ iGqGQ| eËÅvK-‰i KwgDwbwUwfwîK Õ¼vÕ©Å I RbmsLÅv welqK KgÆmƒwP ˆZgb mvdGjÅi AwaKvix ‰KwU msÕ©v, hviv KwgDwbwUi Õ¼vÕ©ÅKgÆxG`i ‰es RbGMvÓ¤xi AskMÉnYgƒjK ZrciZvGK KvGR jvwMGq ˆmevcÉ`vb KiGQ| KGqK `kK aGi eËÅvK NGi NGi wMGq ‰es Õ©vbxq RbGMvÓ¤xGK mswkÏÓ¡ KGi cÉZů¦ AçGj Õ©vqx ˆmevGK±`Êàwji gvaÅGg mvdGjÅi mGã Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev cÉ`vb KGi AvmGQ| eËÅvGKi Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmevi KGqKwU mvdjÅRbK ˆÞGòi gGaÅ iGqGQ mÁcÉmvwiZ wUKv`vb KgÆmƒwP, hßv KgÆmƒwP, cwievi cwiK͸bv ‰es cÉmecƒeÆ I cÉme-cieZÆxKvjxb ˆmev I cwiPhÆv|

MÉvgxY Õ¼vÕ©ÅGK±`Êàwj Wvî×viG`i ‰es ZvG`i DcGK±`Êàwj cÅvivGgwWKG`i «¼viv cwiPvwjZ nq| ˆK±`Êàwj gƒjZ ài‚Zi AmyÕ© ˆivMxG`i cÉwZ ‰es ZvG`i cieZÆx avGci wPwKrmvi RbÅ AbÅò ˆidvi Kivi welGq gGbvGhvM ˆ`q| XvKv knGi I Zvi AvGkcvGk ‰G`i wZbwU AjvfRbK nvmcvZvj iGqGQ| AG^Æi wewbgGq Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev cÉ`vGbi ‰KwU eÅeÕ©vI MGo ˆZvjv nGqGQ, hvi ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk LiP ˆK±`Êàwj wbGRivB enb KGi| ˆgvU eÅGqi 66 kZvsk A^Æ Õ©vbxqfvGe msM†nxZ nq| gv^vwcQy evwlÆK AveZÆK eÅq gvò 0.37 gvwKÆb Wjvi|

MYÕ¼vÕ©Å ˆK±`Ê PviwU DcGKG±`Êi gvaÅGg KwgDwbwUwfwîK Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev cwiPvjbv KGi| ‰me DcGKG±`Êi wbqwgZ KgÆKZÆviv cÅvivGgwWKm, ZGe ‰KRb Wvî×vi mµ¦vGn `yw`b ˆmLvGb ˆivMxG`i mvÞvZ ˆ`b| ‰me DcGK±`Ê MYÕ¼vÕ©Å ˆK±`Ê nvmcvZvGji mGã NwbÓ¤fvGe mÁ·†î×| DcGK±`Êàwj cÉGqvRbgGZv ˆivMxG`i ‰B nvmcvZvGj cvVvq| DcGK±`Êàwji cÅvivGgwWKiv wbqwgZfvGe ˆivMxG`i evwo evwo wMGq ˆgŒwjK Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev I Õ¼vÕ©ÅwelqK wkÞv w`Gq ^vGK|

XvKv KwgDwbwU nvmcvZvj wKQy MÉvgxY cÉv^wgK Õ¼vÕ©Å cwiPhÆv wKÑwbK ‰es ˆmLvb ˆ^GK cieZÆx wPwKrmvi RbÅ cvVvGbv ˆivMxG`i RbÅ ivRavbxGZ AewÕ©Z 50 khÅvwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU nvmcvZvj cwiPvjbv KGi| wKÑwbK KgÆmƒwPwU Õ¼qsmÁ·ƒYÆ| MÉvgxY wKÑwbKàwjGZ cÉGZÅK m`mÅ gvGm 10 UvKv cÉ`vb KGi ‰es Zvi wewbgGq Õ¼vÕ©ÅKgÆxiv gvGS gvGS ZvG`i evwoGZ wMGq ˆivMx ˆ`GL ‰es Zviv wKÑwbGK ‰KRb Wvî×vGii civgkÆ cvq|

AvBwmwWwWAvi,we-‰i MGelYv ˆÞGò D«¿vebxgƒjK KgÆKví evÕ¦evqGbi eÅvcK AwfæZv iGqGQ| gZjGe AewÕ©Z gv I wk÷Õ¼vÕ©Å cwievi cwiK͸bv cÉK͸ (MCH-FP) evsjvG`Gk KwgDwbwU chÆvGq AZÅvekKxq ˆmev cÅvGKGRi AwaKvsk ˆÞGò KvGRi meGPGq `xNÆ I wek` AwfæZv| wbivc` gvZ‡Z½ wbwøZKiY I cÉRbbbvjxi msò×gGYi wPwKrmvmn cÉRbb Õ¼vÕ©Å welqK bvbv KgÆmƒwP MVGb AvBwmwWwWAvi,we-‰i AwfæZv MZ `yB `kGKi DGÍÏLGhvMÅ ARÆb|

Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmevi wewf®² chvÆGq ˆgwWKÅvj I kjÅwPwKrmvi Pvwn`vq mÁ·` eivGói welqwU AeGnwjZ iGq ˆMGQ| ˆgwWKÅvj KGjRàwji mGã mshyî× me nvmcvZvj khÅv cÉwZ evwlÆK 25 nvRvi UvKv (cÉvq 500 gvwKÆb Wjvi) eivó cvq, evÕ¦eZvi mGã hvi ˆKvb mÁ·KÆ ˆbB| ˆRjv chvÆGqi nvmcvZvjàwj khÅv cÉwZ evwlÆK 18 nvRvi UvKv I ^vbv chÆvGqi nvmcvZvjàwj khÅv cÉwZ evwlÆK 10 nvRvi 5 kZ UvKv eivó cvq| kni ‰jvKvq cÉwZwU nvmcvZvj 70 nvRvi UvKv cvq| BDwbqb Õ¼vÕ©Å I cwievi KjÅvY ˆK±`Êàwj cvq evwlÆK 40 nvRvi UvKv| ˆK±`Êxq ˆgwWKÅvj mvgMÉx fvívi wPwKrmv miévg, h¯¨cvwZ I AbÅvbÅ cÉavb mvgMÉx ò×q eve` ˆgvU ZnweGji 20 kZvsk ˆ^vK eivó cvq| weMZ KGqK eQGi ˆ`Gk gvbmÁ·®² wPwKrmv ˆmev cÉ`vGb mÞg wKQy AvaywbK nvmcvZvj MGo DGVGQ| ˆmàwji gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ bÅvkbvj nvUÆ dvDG´£kb, wmK`vi ˆgwWKÅvj KGjR AÅv´£ nmwcUvj, ˆm´ŸÈvj nmwcUvj, Rvcvb-evsjvG`k ˆdÌ´£wkc nmwcUvj, evwRZcyi ˆgwWKÅvj KGjR AÅv´£ nmwcUvj, XvKv KwgDwbwU nmwcUvj BZÅvw`| BDwbGmd KZƆK cÉKvwkZ ‘weGk¼i wk÷G`i AeÕ©v 2001’ kxlÆK cÉwZGe`b Abyhvqx, wk÷g†ZzÅi nvGii ˆÞGò 181wU ˆ`Gki gGaÅ evsjvG`k wbGPi w`K ˆ^GK 53Zg Õ©vGb iGqGQ| 

[ˆgvt AvGbvqvi‚j Bmjvg]

ˆivM-eÅvwa (disease and Disorder)

AÅvjvwRÆ eÅvwa (allergic Disorder)  ˆ`Gni AwZmsGe`bkxj AeÕ©v, mPivPi ‰GZ k¼vmKÓ¡, Z½GK dzÕ•zwi BZÅvw` ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆ`Lv hvq| evsjvG`Gk cÉavb AÅvjvwRÆ Drcv`K Dcv`vbmgƒGni (AÅvjvGRÆb, AÅvw´ŸGRb) gGaÅ iGqGQ NGii ayjvevwj, dzGji ˆiYy, bvbv Lv`ÅeÕ§ I wewf®² Drm ˆ^GK m†Ó¡ ˆauvqv|

RwiGc ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ, evsjvG`Gk KgcGÞ kZKiv 10 fvM gvbyl mvgwqKfvGe AÕ©vqx, ZxeË, A^ev `xNÆÕ©vqx AÅvjvwRÆGZ ˆfvGM| eskMwZ ‰GÞGò ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi eGj aviYv| ayjv ev dzGji ˆiYy-m†Ó¡ Mjv I bvGKi ˆivM (hay fever), AÕ©vwbK nuvcvwb (atopic asthma), msÕ·kÆK Z½KcÉ`vn (contact dermatitis) BZÅvw` aiGbi AÅvjvwRÆ-ŠeKjÅ ˆek wKQy ˆjvGKi gGaÅ ˆ`Lv hvq| evsjvG`Gk dzGji ˆiYy, gvBU, QòvK, SziSzGi gvwU, Svo ˆ`Iqv NGii ayjvevwj KZƆK eü`†Ó¡ AÅvjvwRÆ nGjv nuvwP, bvK ˆ^GK cvwb wbtmiY ‰es ˆn wdfvGi ˆPvL jvj nIqv I ˆPvL ˆ^GK cvwb cov| LvevGii gGaÅ `ya, wWg, wPswo, Bwjk gvQ, Mi‚i gvsm BZÅvw` AGbK mgq AÅvjvwRÆRvZxq cÉwZwò×qv cÉ`kÆb KGi| Lv`Å msiÞYKvix ivmvqwbK `ËeÅvw` ‰es is KLbI KLbI mgmÅv m†wÓ¡ KGi| Lv`ÅeÕ§GZ AÅvjvwRÆ ˆivMxi ewgfve, ewg, ZjGcU eÅ^v ev D`ivgq ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ‰i mGã ˆVuvU dzGj hvIqv ‰es gyGL I Mjvq wkniY ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi| AbÅvbÅ ˆivMxGZ AwZmsGe`ÅZv, nuvcvwb, bvK w`Gq cvwb wbtmiY, AvgevZ, ‰KwRgv I mw®¬ cÉ`vnmn wf®² aiGbi DcmMÆ ^vKGZ cvGi| Lv`ÅeÕ§i wei…c cÉwZwò×qvi eüwea KviGYi gGaÅ iGqGQ wel ev eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ welwò×qv, ivmvqwbK iéKc`v^Æ, gbÕ¦vwî½K cÉwZwò×qv I Õ¼vfvweK Avw¯¨K ˆivMmgƒn| Lv`ÅeÕ§GZ AÅvjvwRÆ ˆivMxG`i wPwKrmvi eo Dcvq nGjv ZvG`i Lv`Å ZvwjKv ˆ^GK AÅvjvwRÆ m†wÓ¡Kvix Lv`Å ev` ˆ`Iqv|

AÕ©vwbK Z½K cÉ`vn (AÕ©vwbK ‰KwRgv) Z½GKi PzjKvwbhyî× ‰KwU eü`†Ó¡ ˆivM| ‰wU mPivPi wk÷KvGj ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ‰es `xNÆÕ©vqx nGq wewf®² FZzGZ wf®² wf®² gvòvq cÉKvk cvq| AwaKvsk ˆivMxGZ AÅvjvGRÆb Z½GK ZvrÞwYK cÉwZwò×qv cÉ`kÆb KGi| cÉvqB nuvcvwb ev ˆn wdfvGii gGZv AbÅvbÅ ˆivGMi mGã mwÁÃwjZfvGe ‰i cÉv`yfÆve NGU| kZKiv 0.5-5 fvM gvbyl ˆgŒgvwQi üj `skGbi ci ‰K aiGbi kvixwiK cÉwZwò×qvi AwfæZv ARÆb KGi, ZGe KxUcZGãi AÅvjvwRÆGZ g†ZzÅi NUbv LyeB Kg| AwZmsGe`ÅZv ‰K aiGbi gvivñK iKGgi AÅvjvwRÆ cÉwZwò×qv| AvgevZ AGbK mgq k¼mbbvwjGZ cÉwZe®¬KZv I iî×msenbZG¯¨ wechÆq m†wÓ¡ KGi| ‰mGei DGÍÏLGhvMÅ KviY nGjv wKQy AÅvw´ŸevGqvwUK (ˆcwbwmwjb) BbGRKkb, ˆgŒgvwQi üj `skb, Lv`ÅeÕ§ BZÅvw`| AekÅ ˆ`Gni Afů¦Gi cÉweÓ¡ ˆhGKvb evwnÅK Dcv`vb AwZmsGe`ÅZvi R¯Ã w`GZ cvGi| mZKÆZvi mGã Z½K, ˆPvL, Kvb, bvK, Mjv, eyK I ZjGcU cixÞv KiGj AÅvjvwRÆ-ŠeKGjÅi KviY LuyGR cvIqv hvq| ˆKejgvò AÅvjvwRÆi KviYGK ‰ovGbvi gvaÅGg eüjvsGk ‰i wPwKrmv mÁ·®² Kiv nq| AÅvjvwRÆ wPwKrmvq mPivPi wewf®² eËÅvG´£i wnÕ¡vwmb weGivax JlaB eÅen…Z nq| ˆivM cÉwZGlaGbi DGóGkÅ eÅen…Z gvÕ¡ ˆKvl (mast cell) mywÕ©ZKvix Jla KvGR jvGM| gvivñK AÅvjvwRÆ cÉwZwò×qvq niGgvGbi mvnvGhÅ wPwKrmv Kiv nq| 

[‰.Avi.‰g mvBdzwób ‰Kivg]

iî×eÅvwa (Blood disorder)  iGî×i mGã mÁ·wKÆZ ˆivM ev ˆhGKvb aiGbi AmyÕ©Zv| iGî×i RwUjZv `yB aiGbi nGZ cvGi AwRÆZ ev m†Ó¡ ‰es mnRvZ ev R¯ÃMZ| cÉ^g RwUjZvwU RxevYy, Rxebhvcb cÉYvjx ‰es eÅwî×i AfÅvGmi KviGY ŠZwi nq| wewf®² cwiGeGk emevmKvix eÅwî×i DchyÆî× kvixwiK KviGYI ‰B RwUjZv m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| w«¼Zxq cÉKvGii RwUjZvwU R¯ÃMÉnGYi mgq RxbRwbZ KviGY wk÷i ˆ`Gn m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| iGî×i e`Gj hvIqv wPòmn m†Ó¡ iGî×i RwUjZvGK iGî×i mÁ·ƒYÆ MYbv (complete blood count/CBC) ejv nq, hv ˆ`Gni ˆhGKvb Aã-cÉZÅGãi msò×gGYi KviGY ŠZwi nGZ cvGi| eÅvKGUwiqv ‰es fvBivmRwbZ msò×gGYi dGj AGbK mgq iî×ÞiY NGU| Avevi AÅvwbwgqv ev iî×kƒbÅZv (wnGgvG™ÏvweGbi wbÁ²gvòv) mvaviYZ fvBivmRwbZ msò×gY ‰es AcywÓ¡ Dfq KviGYB m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| gvbeG`Gn iGî×i RwUjZvi gGaÅ meGPGq gvivñK nGjv mnRvZ RwUjZv ev R¯ÃMZ RwUjZv| mnRvZ ev R¯ÃMZ RwUjZvi wewf®² cÉKvGii gGaÅ iGqGQ wnGgvG™ÏvweGbi KvhÆKvwiZvi AÕ¼vfvweKZv (wnGgvG™ÏvweGbvcÅvw^m), iî× RgvUeuvavi ò‚wU ev wnGgvwdwjqv, eÐvW KÅvbmvi ev wjDGKwgqv BZÅvw`|

AwRÆZ iî×eÅvwai gGaÅ AbÅZg nGjv iî× kƒbÅZv| evsjvG`Gk iî×kƒbÅZv gƒjZ AcywÓ¡RwbZ KviGY AwaKgvòvq cwijwÞZ nq| ‰Qvov wk÷G`i ‰KwU weivU Ask wewf®² ciRxexi KviGY m†Ó¡ ˆivGM fzMGQ| ‰i gGaÅ AG¯¨ K‡wgi KviGY iî×kƒbÅZvmn m†Ó¡ ˆivM mPivPi ˆ`Lv hvq| evsjvG`Gki gvbyGli ˆ`Gn iî×RwUjZv msNUGbi ˆKvb wbfÆiGhvMÅ Z^Å cvIqv hvq bv| wK¯§ msò×gY ‰es AcywÓ¡RwbZ KviGY msNwUZ iî×kƒbÅZv ‰KwU AZů¦ mvaviY NUbv| cixÞvK‡Z cÉvq kZKiv 50 fvM iî×bgybv ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv wMGqGQ ˆh, ‰GZ wnGgvG™ÏvweGbi cÉK‡Z gvòv ˆ^GK eZÆgvb gvòv Kg (cÉvq 2-3 kZvsk)| mÁcÉwZ ‰bwRI LvGZi ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vb iGî×i RwUjZv wbYÆq ‰es wPwKrmvKvGhÆ Drmvn cÉKvk KGiGQ| ‰B cÉwZÓ¤vbwU ^ÅvjvGmwgqv (Thalassemia) ˆivM wbGq KvR KiGQ| `yB cÉKvi cÉœQ®² RxGbi gvaÅGg m†Ó¡ ‰B ˆivGM Avò×v¯¦ AwaKvskB wk÷| wk÷ RG¯Ãi A͸Kvj cGiB ‰B ˆivGMi DcmMÆ cÉKvk cvq ‰es Avò×v¯¦ wk÷GK wbqwgZ ˆjvwnZ iî×KwYKv cÉ`vb KiGZ nq| ˆjvwnZ iî×KwYKv cÉ`vGbi ‰B eÅeÕ©v eZÆgvGb evsjvG`Gk mnRjfÅ bq|  [wRqv Dwób AvnGg`]

n…`GivM  n…rwcí iî× mçvjb cÉwò×qvq ˆK±`Êxq cvÁ· ˆgwkb wnGmGe KvR KGi| wewf®² Drm ˆ^GK n…`GivGMi D«¿e NGU| ‰i gGaÅ KZàwj R¯ÃKvjxb ò‚wU| n…rwcGíi mPivPi MVbMZ AÕ¼vfvweKZv ò‚wUàwji A¯¦fÆyî×| KZKàwj n…`GivM msò×vgK eÅvwai mGã hyî×, ˆhgb AwÕ©mw®¬ R¾i, hvi KviY eÅvKGUwiqv| kvixie†îxq AmyÕ©Zvi gGaÅ iî×Pvc I n…rwcGíi cvwÁ·s cÉwò×qvq wek†›Ljv A¯¦fÆyî×| ˆKvGjGÕ¡ij I PweÆ RGg agwb mi‚ nGq hvIqv ev agwbGZ AbÅ c`v^Æ (plaque) Rgv Lye ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq| dGj agwbGZ Õ¼vfvweK iî×cÉevn evavMÉÕ¦ nq|

mvÁcÉwZKKvGji MGelYvq ˆ`Lv hvGœQ, mvaviY n…`GivMàwji mGã ‰KwU ˆ`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK cÉe†w«¬ mÁ·wKÆZ| D®²qbkxj ˆ`kmgƒGni ˆivMwPò ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq, AwaKvsk ˆÞGò ˆivGMi cÉv^wgK e†w«¬i KviY msò×vgK ˆivM I AcywÓ¡| ò×gcwiewZÆZ D®²Z A^Æ‹bwZK AeÕ©vq ˆivMwPò e`Gj hvq, Õ¼vÕ©Å I Õ¼vÕ©ÅweavGbi D®²wZ NGU ‰es ˆivMwPwKrmv I ˆivMwbq¯¨Y mÁ¿e nIqvq msò×vgK ˆivGMi cwigvY KGg hvq| A^P küGi RxeGbi RwUjZv ˆ^GK D«¿„Z gvbwmK cxob, AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi Lv`ÅvfÅvm BZÅvw` KviGY ˆivM evoGQ| n…`GivM ˆkGlvî× KÅvUvMwii Z^vKw^Z cwiewZÆZ ˆivMmgƒGni A¯¦fÆyî×| evsjvG`Gki gnvbMi I knGi eZÆgvGb wbw`ÆÓ¡fvGe DœP-gaÅweîG`i gGaÅ cwieZÆbRwbZ ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve ˆewk cwijwÞZ nGœQ|

R¯ÃMZ n…`GivM, DœPiî×PvcMÉÕ¦ n…`GivM, iî×vfveMÉÕ¦ n…`GivM (ischaemic heart disease), wgUÇvj ˆÕ¡Gbvwmm (mitral stenosis) ‰es evZRwbZ n…`GivM evsjvG`Gk mPivPi ˆ`Lv hvq| evsjvG`Gki RbmvaviGYi wewf®² aiGbi n…rwcíRwbZ AmyÕ©Zvi wbfÆikxj cwimsLÅvb ˆbB| ZvrÞwYK RwiGci gvaÅGg ‰es nvmcvZvj mƒGò msM†nxZ cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK MGelYv ev ˆiKGWÆi cwiGcÉwÞGZ Rvbv hvq, kZKiv 2.92 fvM gvbyl ˆKvb bv ˆKvb aiGbi n…`GivGM fzMGQ| DœPiî×PvGci ˆivMxi msLÅv kZKiv 1.1 fvM| RbmvaviGYi gGaÅ evZRwbZ, iî×vfveMÉÕ¦ I n…`MZ jqnxb (cardiac arrhythmia) n…`GivMxi msLÅv h^vò×Gg kZKiv 0.75, 0.33 I 0.22 fvM| kZKiv 0.18 fvM gvbyGl eskMZ n…`GivM ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ‰es kZKiv 0.25 fvM gvbyl n…`Gcwk AvcRvZÅ (cardiomyopathy) ˆivGM fzMGQ| `wi`Ë Zi‚Y eqÕ•G`i gGaÅ evZRwbZ n…`GivM ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq| AbÅw`GK, abx gvbyGliv ˆfvGM BmwKwgK n…`GivGM, hw`I MixeG`i gGaÅI ‰ ˆivM weij bq|

mPivPi cvwievwiK wPwKrmK DœPiî×PvGci wPwKrmv KGib ‰es wbqwgZ Jla ˆmeb KivGbvi eÅeÕ©v ˆ`b| AGcÞvK‡Z ˆQvU knGi I MÉvgvçGj JlGai mvnvGhÅ wPwKrmvi ˆhvMÅ DœPiî×PvGci cÉv`yfÆvGei h^v^Æ Dcvî ˆbB, wK¯§ MÉvGg DœPiî×PvGci ˆivMxi msLÅv ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe kni ˆ^GK Kg| Aei‚«¬ agwbi wPwKrmvq mPivPi evBcvm mvRÆvwi (by-pass-surgery) Kiv nq| ‰GÞGò Aei‚«¬ agwb ˆKGU ˆdGj cv ˆ^GK wkivi ‰Kvsk DcGo wbGq AcmvwiZ agwbi RvqMvq RyGo ˆ`Iqv nq| A^ev ˆejyb AÅvwéIµÏvwÕ¡ (balloon angioplasty) Kiv nq| ‰GÞGò agwbGZ ˆejyb XzKvGbv nq ‰es Pvc cÉGqvM KGi ˆejybGK hyMcr dzwjGq PzcwmGq agwbi µÏvK mivGbv nq| mÁcÉwZ KGqKwU nvmcvZvGj ‰B aiGbi c«¬wZ cÉGqvGMi myGhvM m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ|

R¯ÃRvZ n…`GivM (congenital heart disease)  R¯Ã ˆ^GK n…rwcGíi AÕ¼vfvweKZv ev ò‚wU| AvbygvwbK kZKiv 1 fvM wk÷ ‰B ò‚wU wbGq R¯Ãvq| hw` wPwKrmv Kiv bv nq, ZvnGj ‰K eQi eqmKvGji gGaÅ n…rwcGí ‰B aiGbi ò‚wUhyî× cÉvq AGaÆK wk÷ gviv hvq| RG¯Ãi ‰K eQGii gGaÅ ev RxeGbi ˆhGKvb chÆvGq ˆivMwU aiv coGZ cvGi| n…rwcGíi ò‚wU, ˆhgb cÉvµ¦eqÕ• bv nIqv chƯ¦ Awj±` c`Ævi ò‚wU (atrial septal defect/ASD) welqK ˆKvb jÞY aiv cGo bv, Avevi KLbI AvKwÕÃKfvGe cÉ^gevGii gGZv aiv coGZI cvGi|

ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq ‰gb R¯ÃRvZ n…`GivM nGjv Awj±` c`Ævi ò‚wU, wbjq c`Ævi ò‚wU (VSD), cviwmmGU´Ÿ WvÙvm AvGUÆwiImvm (PDA), gnvagwbi mçvcb (coarctation of the aorta), dzmdzm mse†wZ, gnvagwb mse†wZ, eo agwbmgƒGni webÅvGm cwieZÆb (transposition of great arteries) BZÅvw`| wk÷G`Gn KLbI KLbI ˆKvb jÞY cÉKvk cvq bv ev KLbI KLbI wk÷i k¼mb e®¬ ^vKGZ ˆ`Lv hvq ‰es wk÷G`Gni Õ¼vfvweK e†w«¬ I weKvk Õ©wMZ ^vGK| AvwãK ò‚wUi mGã ˆivGMi DcmMÆ wf®² iKGgi nq| cyanotic heart disease-‰ Z½K bxj nGq hvq (cyanosis) I ˆivMxi AvOzj Õ¹xZ (clubbing) nq| gvivñK ‰ n…`GivGM gwÕ¦Ó• iî×msenGY Amyweav, gwÕ¦GÓ• ˆdvov I n…`gƒQÆv (syncope) ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi| evsjvG`Gk mvweÆKfvGe wbjq c`Ævi ò‚wU, Awj±` c`Ævi ò‚wU I cviwmmGU´Ÿ WvÙvm AvGUÆwiImvm h^vò×Gg kZKiv 25-30, 15-20 I 10 fvM gvbyGli gGaÅ ˆ`Lv hvq|

n…rwcGíi R¯ÃRvZ wbjq c`Ævi ò‚wU

DœPiî×PvcRwbZ n…`GivM (hypertensive heart disease) ˆMvUv gvbemfÅZv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ‰B ‰KwUgvò ˆivGM AwaK fzMGQ| n…rwcí I iî×mçvjb msò×v¯¦ mgmÅvmgƒGni gGaÅ DœPiî×PvcRwbZ n…`GivGMi AvwaKÅ ˆewk ‰es ‰wU gvbyGli g†ZzÅ I AmyÕ©Zvi eo KviY| DœPiî×Pvc n…`GeÓ¡ agwb ˆivGMi (coronary artery disease) RbÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ SuywKi welq ‰es ‰wU n…`Gckxq BmwKwgqv (myocardial ischaemia), n…`Gckxq KjvwebwÓ¡ (myocardial infarction) I nVvr g†ZzÅ NUvq| ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh, DœPiî×PvGci ˆivMxGZ mylg iî×PvcwewkÓ¡ gvbyGli ˆPGq w«¼àY n…`GivM m†wÓ¡i SuywK ^vGK|

DœPiî×Pvc n…`GeÓ¡ agwbGZ msKxYÆZv m†wÓ¡i cÉwò×qvGK `Ë‚ZZi KGi, ˆmmGã n…rwcGíi KgÆfvi e†w«¬ KGi| dGj ‰G`i gGaÅ n…`Gckxi ˆKvl bÓ¡ nIqvi SuywK ^vGK| DœPiî×Pvc cÉZÅÞ ev cGivÞfvGe mKj g†ZzÅi kZKiv 20-22 fvGMi RbÅ `vqx ‰es ‰wU myocardial infarction-‰i meGPGq eo KviY|

evsjvG`Gk DœPiî×PvcRwbZ n…`GivM ‰K eo Õ¼vÕ©ÅmgmÅv ‰es ‰wU g†ZzÅ I AmyÕ©Zvi AbÅZg eo KviY| ˆek KGqKwU MGelYvq ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh, gvbwmK Pvc ev h¯¨YvwKÑÓ¡ wkwÞZ KgÆRxex gvbyGli gGaÅ ‰B ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve ˆewk| AekÅ, ‰G`Gki AGbK DœPiî×PvGci ˆivMxi ˆivM kbvî× nq bv ‰es ZvG`i wPwKrmvI nq bv|

BmwKwgK n…`GivM (ischaemic heart disease)  ‰wU KGivbvwi agwb ˆivM (CAD) ev KGivbvwi n…`GivM (CHD) wnGmGe cwiwPZ| AbyeZÆx cwiewZÆZ n…`wò×qvmn n…rwcGí AwÝGRb mieivGn NvUwZ ˆ`Lv w`Gj ‰B ˆivM nq| ˆivGMi jÞY me ˆÞGò ˆZgb cÉKvk cvq bv, ‰wU nGZ cvGi DcmMÆnxb A^ev Õ©vqx AÅvévBbv ˆcGÙvwim (angina pectoris), AÕ©vqx AÅvévBbv, ZxeË n…`Gckxq KjvwebwÓ¡, n…rwcí wbwÓ˜qKiY, n…`MZ jqnxbZv m†Rb ‰es ‰wU AKÕÃvr g†ZzÅI NUvGZ cvGi| ‰ n…`GivM bvbv KviGY nGZ cvGi ‰es cyi‚Gl eü`†Ó¡| eqm evovi mGã mGã ‰B ˆivGMi AwaK cÉv`yfÆve NGU ‰es gyZzÅi msLÅvI evGo| ‰wU c†w^ex RyGo g†ZzÅi ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ KviY|

wgUÇvj ˆÕ¡Gbvwmm (mitral stenosis)  n…rwcGíi KcvwUKv mi‚ nGq hvIqvq Awj±` ˆ^GK wbjGq iGî×i gyî× cÉevGn cÉwZe®¬KZv m†wÓ¡ nIqv| KcvwUKv msò×v¯¦ n…`GivGM wgUÇvj ˆÕ¡Gbvwmm ‰KwU eü`†Ó¡ eÅvwa| cÉvq AwaKvsk ˆÞGò ‰wU evZR¾Gii cwiYwZ wnGmGe ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ‰es KvGjfG`Ë R¯ÃRvZ ˆivGMi Drm ˆ^GK ‰i AvñcÉKvk NGU| ‰B ˆivGM Avò×v¯¦ ˆivMxi wgUÇvj KcvwUKvi ewngÆyL, ò×geaÆgvb Z¯§ Drcv`b I wgUÇvj KcvwUKvi Kvcmgƒn AãvskmgƒGni ‰KxfeGbi dGj axGi axGi msKzwPZ nGq hvq| KcvwUKvi Avw` Õ¼vfvweK ewngÆyGLi AvqZb cÉvq 4-5 ˆmwg2 ‰es gvivñK AvqZb msKzwPZ nGq 1 ˆmwg2 ev ‰iI KGg `uvovq| ewngÆyL msKzwPZ nIqvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ evg Awj±` ˆ^GK evg wbjGq iî×cÉevn mxwgZ nGq cGo| evg AwjG±` Pvc evovi dGj dzmdzm-wkivq iî×Pvc I dzmdzm-wkivRU e†w«¬ cvq| gwnjvG`i gGaÅ wgUÇvj ˆÕ¡Gbvwmm ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq| KcvwUKvi msGKvPb ˆgvUvgywU gvivñK bv nIqv chƯ¦ ˆivMx cÉvq DcmMÆ gyî× ^vGK|

cwikÉGg k¼mb-K‡œQZv, kqGb k¼vmKÓ¡ ev ivGZ k¼vmKGÓ¡i cÉGKvc BZÅvw` ‰B ˆivGMi DcmMÆ| dzmdzmxq iî×vwaGKÅi KviGY Kvwk ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi| hw` dzmdzm, wkiv I ‰i ŠKwkK bvwjGZ iî×Pvc `Ë‚Z evGo ZvnGj ZxeË dzmdzm-ˆkv^ m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| iî×KvkI (hemoptysis) ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi| AwZ cyivGbv ˆivGMi ˆÞGò ˆivMxi n…rwcGíi Wvb w`K wbwÓ˜q nIqvi jÞY m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| AwjG±`i ò×gcÉmvigvYZvi KviGY AwjG±` ˆcwkKÁ·b m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi| bvwoi MwZ Õ¼vfvweK ^vKGZ cvGi|

weGkl KGi AwjG±` ˆcwkKÁ·bhyî× w«¼P„o KcvwUKv mse†wZi ˆivMxGZ evg AwjG±` iî× RgvU euvav ‰es wmGÕ¡wgK Zçvwfevmb ˆ`Lv ˆ`Iqvi SuywK ^vKGZ cvGi| w«¼gvwòK I Wcjvi BGKvKvwWÆIMÉÅvwd «¼viv wbw`ÆÓ¡fvGe w«¼P„o KcvwUKv mse†wZ mÁ·GKÆ gƒjÅvqb KivGbv hvq| BwmwR (BGKvKvwWÆIMÉÅvwd) I eyGKi ‰Ý-ˆi ‰B ˆivM mÁ·GKÆ cGivÞ cÉgvY ZzGj aiGZ cvGi| BGKvKvwWÆIMÉÅvwdi cÉPjGbi AvGM gvivñK w«¼P„o KcvwUKv mse†wZ mÁ¼G®¬ wbwøZ nIqvi RbÅ iî×msenbZG¯¨ bvwjKvqGbi (cardiac catherisation) eÅeÕ©v M†nxZ nGZv| w«¼P„o KcvwUKv cÉGmK (mitral regurgitation) I n…`GeÓ¡ agwb ˆivGMi mnveÕ©vb hvPvBGq iî×msenbZG¯¨ bvwjKvqGbi f„wgKv ‰LbI we`Ågvb|

gƒòeaÆK Jla (diuretic), WvBGMvwÝb (digoxin) I cÉwZGivax AÅvw´ŸevGqvwUK JlGai mvnvGhÅ Avò×v¯¦ ˆivMxi wPwKrmv Kiv hvq, ZGe ‰ ˆivGMi wbwøZ AvGivMÅKi wPwKrmv nGjv wgUÇvj KcvwUKvGQ`b (valvotomy) ev ˆejyGbi mvnvGhÅ KcvwUKv cybwbÆgÆvY (balloon valvoplasty) ev KcvwUKv cÉwZÕ©vcb (valve replacement)| evsjvG`Gk ‰wU ‰K eü`†Ó¡ ˆivM|

gvBGqvKvwWÆqvj BbdvKÆkb (myocardial infarction)  n…rwcGíi ˆKvb AsGk iî× mieivn cyGivcywi e®¬ ev eÅvnZ nIqvi KviGY m†Ó¡ RwUj AeÕ©v| evsjvG`Gk gvBGqvKvwWÆqvj BbdvKÆkb Avò×v¯¦ ˆivMxi msLÅv I ˆivMwUi cÉv`yfÆve welqK ˆKvb mwVK Dcvî ˆbB| 1976 mvj chƯ¦ cÉwZ nvRvGi ‰ aiGbi n…`GivMxi (AÅvwébv ˆcGÙvwim ev n…`kƒj, AÕ©vqx n…`kƒj, gvBGqvKvwWÆqvj BbdvKÆkb ‰i A¯¦fÆyî×) msLÅv wQj 3 Rb| 1985 mvGji ‰K MGelYvq ˆ`Lv hvq iî×vfveMÉÕ¦ ˆivMxi msLÅv nvRvGi 16 Rb| ‰K mƒGò knivçGj iî×vfveMÉÕ¦ n…`GivMxi msLÅv nvRvGi cÉvq 100 Rb eGj Rvbv hvq| evsjvG`Gk gvbyGli g†ZzÅi KviYmgƒGni gGaÅ gvBGqvKvwWÆqvj BbdvKÆkb AbÅZg cÉavb|

ZxeË gvBGqvKvwWÆqvj BbdvKÆkb Avò×v¯¦ me ˆivMxGK nvmcvZvGj, mÁ¿e nGj KGivbvwi ˆKqvi BDwbGU (CCU) fwZÆ Kiv DwPZ| Ri‚wi eÅeÕ©vi gGaÅ weQvbvq wekÉvg, cÉv^wgK gƒjÅvqb, k¼mGb AwÝGRb MÉnY, A¯¦twkiv Access I AÅvmwcwib ev eÅ^vbvkK Jla eÅenvi A¯¦fÆyî×| MÉnYGhvMÅ AbÅvbÅ eÅeÕ©vi gGaÅ iGqGQ wbqwgZfvGe cƒGeÆ cÉ`î civgkÆ ˆgGb Pjv, wPwKrmvi RbÅ `Ë‚Z wbGq hvIqv, SuywKi dÅvÙGi cwieZÆb mvab I beta-blocker-‰i gGZv Jla ˆivMxGK nvmcvZvj ˆ^GK bv Qvov chƯ¦ ˆmeb KwiGq hvIqv BZÅvw`|

AwÕ©evZMÉÕ¦ n…`GivM (rheumatic heart disease) evievi AwÕ©mw®¬ evZMÉÕ¦ n…`cÉ`vn «¼viv m†Ó¡ n…rwcGíi ‰KwU ÞwZKi AeÕ©v| ÞwZUv gƒjZ eÅvcKfvGe n…rwcGíi KcvwUKvi KvVvGgvq mxgve«¬ ^vKGjI AGbK ˆÞGò n…`GckxiI gvivñK ÞwZ nGZ cvGi|

AwÕ©mw®¬ R¾Gi ˆfvMv `yB-Z‡ZxqvsGkiI AwaK ˆivMxGZ ˆklvewa Õ©vqx AwÕ©mw®¬ evZMÉÕ¦ KcvwUKv ˆivGMi weKvk NGU| kZKiv cÉvq 90 fvM ˆÞGò w«¼P„o KcvwUKvB AwaK Avò×v¯¦ nq| wòP„o KcvwUKv (tricuspid valve) I dzmdzmxq KcvwUKv mPivPi Kg Avò×v¯¦ nq| cvøvGZÅ AwÕ©mw®¬ R¾Gii Avò×gGYi 10-20 eQGii gGaÅ KcvwUKvq ÞZ ˆ`Lv w`GZ ^vGK, wK¯§ D®²qbkxj ˆ`Gk AviI AGbK AvGM ÞZ ˆ`Lv ˆ`q|

ÞwZMÉÕ¦ KcvwUKv msKzwPZ nGq Õ¼vfvweK AvKvGii ‰K-PZz^ÆvsGk cwiYZ bv nIqv chƯ¦ KcvwUKvi mse†wZ mPivPi RwUj AvKvi aviY KGi bv| ZxeË AwÕ©mw®¬ R¾Gi Avò×v¯¦ nIqvi mgq ˆ^GK KcvwUKvi cÉGmK LyeB ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| wK¯§ ‰i DcmMÆ wnGmGe AvñcÉKvGk mÁ¿eZ wejÁ¼ NUGZ cvGi| KvGRB w«¼P„o KcvwUKv I gnvagwbi cÉGmGKi jÞY ŠkkGe ev cÉvµ¦eqGmi mƒPbvq ^vKGZ cvGi, wK¯§ RxeGbi wZb ev Pvi `kK eqmKvGji AvGM ‰mGei DcmMÆ cÉKvk cvq bv|

cÉ^gw`GK ‰mKj ˆivGMi DcmMÆ nGjv kÉgRwbZ k¼mb-K‡œQËZv, cieZÆxKvGj wekÉvg, Kvk, n…`KÁ·b I AvwãK n…`ggÆGiI Zv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| KLbI ÞwZMÉÕ¦ evg ev Wvb n…rwcí wbwÓ˜q nGZ cvGi|

w«¼gvwòK I Wcjvi BGKvKvwWÆIMÉÅvwd cixÞvi gvaÅGg wbwøZfvGe KcvwUKvi ÞwZ kbvî× Kiv hvq| BGKvKvwWÆIMÉÅvwd ‰es eyGKi ‰Ý-ˆi-ˆZI Zv kbvî× Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi|  [Šmq` AvwRRyj nK ‰es ‰.ˆK.‰g gwneyÍÏvn]

AviI ˆ`Lyb  RvZxq n…`GivM BbwÕ¡wUDU|

wewœQ®²Zv eÅvwa (dissociative disorder)  kbvî×KiY ÞgZv, ÕÆwZ I weGeGKi cwieZÆbRwbZ weGkl aiGbi gvbwmK ˆivM| ‰ aiGbi ŠeKjÅGK mvaviYZ PviwU ˆkÉYxGZ fvM Kiv nq, ˆhgb ÕÆwZweGjvc, wewœQ®²Zv wdDM (fugue), kbvî×KiGY AÞgZv ‰es eÅwî×Z½nxbZv| eo aiGbi kvixwiK ˆKvb AvNvZ A^ev gvbwmK AvNvGZi dGj nvivGbv ÕÆwZ mvaviYZ ÕÆwZweGjvc ŠeKjÅ wnGmGe weGePbv Kiv nq| wewœQ®²Zv wdDM ŠeKGjÅ ‰KRb eÅwî× Zvi cƒeÆ cwiwPwZ nvwiGq bZzb cwiPGq wbGRGK cÉKvk Kivi cÉeYZv cÉ`kÆb KGi| ‰ ˆÞGò mvaviYZ cƒeÆ RxeGbi K^v fzGj hvq| kbvî×KiGY AÞgZvRwbZ eÅvwaMÉÕ¦ ˆKvb eÅwî× `yB ev Zvi ˆewk aiGbi Õ·Ó¡ eÅwî×Z½ cÉKvk KGi ‰es cÉwZwUGZB ^vGK weGkl aiGbi ÕÆwZ, AvPiYMZ webÅvm ‰es mÁ·KÆciZv| eÅwî×Z½nxbZvq ‰KRb gvbyl Zvi wbGRi AeÕ©vb mÁ¼G®¬ mGPZb ^vGK bv| Zvi AeGPZb gb bvbv aiGbi kvixwiK cwieZÆGbi AwfæZvi fve cÉKvk KGi| cvøvZÅ ˆ`Gki Zzjbvq evsjvG`Gk ‰me eÅvwai ˆivMxG`i ŠeKGjÅi DcmMÆ wKQyUv c†^K aiGbi| ‰LvGb ‰K mgxÞvq ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh, ‰ aiGbi cÉvq 400 ˆivMxi gGaÅ kZKiv 6-9 Rb wKQyUv Õ²vqyweKviMÉÕ¦| ÕÆwZweGjvc aiGbi ŠeKjÅ eÅZxZ ‰LvGb AbÅ aiGbi wewœQ®²Zv eÅvwa ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe Kg|

evsjvG`Gk AGbGKB ‰LbI AeMZ bq ˆh ‰G`Gk gvbwmK ˆivGMi wPwKrmGKi Afve ˆbB ‰es gbÕ¦vwZ½K civgkÆI mnRjfÅ| ˆhme ˆivMx weKviMÉÕ¦ A^ev eo aiGbi gvbwmK cÉwZwò×qv cÉ`kÆb KGi Zvi RbÅB ˆKej Zvi AvZÄxq-Õ¼Rb wPwKrmGKi ÕÃiYvc®² nq| me aiGbi wewœQ®²Zv eÅvwa wbivgGqi RbÅ wPwKrmK ZvGK AviI my±`i RxeGbi w`GK Avn»vb Rvbvb|  [cvifxb nK]

RxbZvwî½K eÅvwa (genetic disorder)  Avò×v¯¦ eÅwî×i eskvbyMwZ welqK KvhÆc«¬wZGZ mnRvZ ŠeKGjÅi KviGY ˆhme ˆivGMi m†wÓ¡ nq, ZvG`i eskvbyMwZ welqK ŠeKjÅ wnGmGe AwfwnZ Kiv nq| cwiGeGki RbÅ ÞwZKi c`vG^Æi msÕ·GkÆ, ˆhgb ˆivM m†wÓ¡Kvix mwò×q RxevYy, fvBivm ev ciRxexG`i KviGY A^ev, ˆKvb A‹Re c`v^Æ ˆhgb ÞwZKi ivmvqwbK c`v^Æ ev AbÅvbÅ welvî× `ËeÅ ev cywÓ¡i AfveRwbZ KviGYI AGbK iKGgi ˆivM nGq ^vGK| eskvbyMwZ welqK ŠeKjÅ ˆKvb ‰KwU RxGbi ò‚wUi KviGY nGZ cvGi, hv ‰KK RxbNwUZ ò‚wU A^ev KGqKwU ò‚wUhyî× RxGbi cÉwZwò×qvi KviGYI nGZ cvGi, hvGK ejv nq ‰KvwaK RxbNwUZ ŠeKjÅ|

eYÆv®¬Zv ‰ iKGgi ‰KwU ‰KK RxGbi ò‚wUNwUZ mvaviY ˆivM| ‰KRb eYÆv®¬ ˆjvK jvj is ‰es meyR iGOi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ KiGZ cvGi bv| ˆhmKj Rxb ZvG`i `yeÆj ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn cieZÆx cÉRG¯Ã mçvwiZ KGi ˆhgb ‰jwewbRg A^Ævr ˆ`Gni MvòPGgÆ, PzGj ‰es ˆPvGLi KwbKvq wcãj iéK c`v^Æ ˆgjvwbGbi mÁ·ƒYÆ AbycwÕ©wZ NUvGZ cvGi| ‰wU RG¯Ãi gvaÅGg AwRÆZ nq|

RxbMZ ŠeKGjÅi ˆÞGò evsjvG`Gk Z^Å LyeB AcÉZzj| ‰gbwK mnGR wbYÆqGhvMÅ ‰KK RxbMZ ò‚wUi ˆÞGò evsjvG`Gk ˆKvb ZvrchÆcƒYÆ Z^Å cvIqv hvq bv, hw`I aviYv Kiv nq ˆh, AGcÞvK‡Z wecyj RbGMvÓ¤x wfwîK RbcG` ‰KK RxbNwUZ ŠeKGjÅi NUbv AwaK nGZ cvGi|

wnDgÅvb ˆKwiIUvBc ‰bvjvBwmm A^Ævr RxeGKvGli cGivÞ wbDwKÑqvm wefvRGbi mgq ˆò×vGgvGRvGgi ˆh webÅvm nq, Zv MGelYvi KvRwU nvGZ ˆbIqv nGqwQj 1980 mvGji w`GK eviGWg-‰| ‰B cÉGPÓ¡vq XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi Dw«¿`we`Åv wefvM, ˆhLvGb Dw«¿G`i ˆKwiIUvBc MGelYv wbqwgZfvGe Kiv nGq ^vGK, wKQyUv mvdjÅ jvf KGi| ˆò×vGgvGRvGgi msLÅvi cwieZÆGbi dGj m†Ó¡ Rxb‹eKjÅ eviGWGg mywbwøZ Kiv hvq|  [wRqv Dwób AvnGg`]

AvGqvwWb NvUwZRwbZ ŠeKjÅ  Š`bw±`b LvG`Å AvGqvwWGbi `xNÆKvjxb NvUwZRwbZ ‰KwU AmyL ev kvixwiK ŠeKjÅ| LvG`Å AvGqvwWb NvUwZ B`vwbs ˆMvUv weGk¼i ‰KwU RbÕ¼vÕ©Å mgmÅv, ˆKbbv ‰wU gvbyGli kvixwiK e†w«¬ I weKvGki mKj ˆÞGòB wei…c cÉwZwò×qv m†wÓ¡ KGi| LvG`Å AvGqvwWb NvUwZi dGj MjMí nGZ cvGi hv ^vBiGqGWi e†w«¬ ‰es ^vBiGqW MÉw¯©i AwZwbtmiY wnGmGe cÉKwUZ nq| wk÷G`i ˆÞGò ‰B NvUwZRwbZ kvixwiK, ˆhŒb I gvbwmK weKvGki g±`veÕ©vGK evgbZ½ ev ˆò×wUwbRg eGj|

‰K mgxÞvq mviv weGk¼ 1.57 ˆKvwU ˆjvK AvGqvwWb NvUwZRwbZ ˆivGM (Iodine Deficiency Disorder/IDD) Avò×v¯¦, 6.55 ˆKvwU MjMí ‰es 2 ˆKvwU ˆjvK wewf®² gvòvi gvbwmK ˆivGM (retardation) fzMGQ| eÕ§Z c†w^exGZ gvbwmK cÉwZew®¬Zv cÉwZGivGa AvGqvwWGbi NvUwZ cƒiYB mvaviY I mGeÆvîg eÅeÕ©v|

evsjvG`Gk MjMGíi eÅvcKZv meÆcÉ^g aiv cGo 1962-64 mvGj XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi cÉvYimvqb wefvM KZ‡ÆK cwiPvwjZ ‰K RwiGc| 1981-82 mvGj XvKvi Institute of Public heath and Nutrition (IPHN) cwiPvwjZ RvZxq chÆvGq MjMGíi cÉv`yfÆve MGelYvi cÉwZGe`Gb ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh, meÆGgvU 10.5% ˆjvGKi gGaÅ MjMí iGqGQ| 2,14,608 RGbi gGaÅ cwiPvwjZ ‰B RwiGc MjMGíi nËvme†w«¬ wQj 2.6% ˆ^GK 29.3%|

1993 mvGj XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi ‰K RwiGc AvGqvwWGbi NvUwZRwbZ ˆivGMi gvivñK cwiwÕ©wZ D`&NvwUZ nq| eZÆgvGb evsjvG`Gk meÆGgvU MjMGíi nvi 47.1% (Z¯ÃGaÅ `†kÅgvb 8.8%, mÁ¿veÅ 38.3%) ‰es evgbGZ½i nvi cÉvq 0.5%| ‰B RwiGc AviI ˆ`Lv hvq, cÉvq 68.9% Rxe ivmvqwbKfvGe AvGqvwWb ռ͸Zvq Avò×v¯¦ ‰es wk÷ I bvixivB meÆvwaK fzî×GfvMx|

nÅvGjvGRb ˆMvÓ¤xi gGaÅ AvGqvwWbB meGPGq ài‚fvi| kixGi ‰Uv AvGqvWvBW wnGmGe iî×evwnZ nGq MjG`Gki ^vBiGqW MÉw¯©GZ ˆcuŒGQ ˆkvwlZ nGq ˆmLvGb ^vBiwÝb I UÇvB-AvGqvGWv^vBGivbvBb ‰B `ywU niGgvGb i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| ‰B cÉavb niGgvb `ywU kixGii mvaviY wecvKwò×qvi mGã mÁ·†î× iGqGQ ‰es ˆ`nGKvGl kwî× Drcv`Gbi nvi wbq¯¨Y KGi| kixGi mvaviYZ gvò 2-50 wgMÉv AvGqvwWb ^vGK ‰es LvG`Å Š`wbK cÉGqvRbxq AvGqvwWGbi cwigvYI LyeB mvgvbÅ, cÉvq 0.15 wgMÉv| Õ¼vfvweK cÉGqvRGbi RbÅ ‰ZUzKzB hG^Ó¡| LvG`Å cÉGqvRbxq AvGqvwWb bv ^vKGj ‰B NvUwZ cƒiGYi RbÅ ^vBiGqW MÉw¯©i AvKvi e†w«¬ ˆcGZ cvGi ‰es ZvGZ MjvGdvjv ev MjMí ˆivM ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ceÆZmâzj I Afů¦ixY Açj ˆhLvGb gvwUGZ AvGqvwWGbi cwigvY Kg ‰es MvQMvQovI mvgvbÅ ˆmLvKvi ˆjvGKi MjMí nGq ^vGK| D®²Z ˆ`Gk cÉwZGivagƒjK eÅeÕ©v MÉnY mÁ¿e eGj ˆmLvGb ‰B ˆivGMi cÉGKvc Kg| evsjvG`Gk Dîivçjxq KGqKwU ˆRjv, weGklZ iscyi, MvBev®¬v, bxjdvgvix I w`bvRcyi ˆRjv MjMícÉeY ‰jvKv wnGmGe wPwn×Z nGqGQ|

Lvevi cvwb ‰es Lv`Å`ËeÅ ˆ^GKI ռ͸ cwigvY AvGqvwWb cvIqv hvq, ZGe mvgyw`ËK LvG`ÅB ‰wU meÆvwaK| KW, mÅvjgb I ˆnwis gvQàwj ‰RbÅB AvGqvwWGbi DcGhvMx Drm, hw`I mvgyw`ËK DrGmi gGaÅ mGeÆvîg KW-wjfvi ˆZj| `ya I AbÅvbÅ `y™¬RvZ mvgMÉx chÆvµ¦ AvGqvwWb ˆhvMvq| AvGqvwWbmg†«¬ gvwUGZ djvGbv kvKmewRGZ MÉnYGhvMÅ gvòvq AvGqvwWb ^vGK, wK¯§ ˆewki fvM `vbvkmÅ ‰es wkgRvZxq I gƒj ev K±`RvZxq mewRGZ AvGqvwWGbi cwigvY Kg|

ˆKvb ˆKvb mvgyw`ËK Škevj mgyG`Ëi cvwb ˆ^GK ˆ`Gn AvGqvWvBW Nbxf„Z Kivi dGj mwÁÃwjZ AvGqvwWGbi DcGhvMx fvívi nGq IGV| c†w^exi ˆKvb ˆKvb AsGk KGqK cÉKvi mvgyw`ËK Škevj gvbyGli cÉGqvRbxq Lv`Å wnGmGe MYÅ ‰es ‘wjfvi ˆeËW’ bvGg cwiwPZ iv®²v Kiv mvgyw`ËK AvMvQv ‰KwU i‚wPKi Lvevi|

ˆhme AçGj Lv`Å`ËGeÅ AvGqvwWGbi cwigvY Kg ˆmLvGb AvGqvwWbhyî× jeY eÅenviB AvGqvwWb MÉnGYi gvòve†w«¬i mGeÆvîg Dcvq| 40,000 fvM jeGYi mGã 1 fvM cUvwkqvg AvGqvWvBW wgwkGq Zv ŠZwi Kiv nq| cUvwkqvg AvGqvWvBW cvwbGZ `ËveÅ ‰es iGî× `Ë‚Z ˆkvwlZ nq Avi AwZwiî× ^vKGjI Zv ÞwZKi bq| Lv`Å ˆ^GK AvGqvwWb ˆhvMvGbvi RbÅ AvGqvwWbhyî× jeY MÉnY LyeB mnR I wbivc`| evsjvG`k miKvi evRvGi AvGqvwWbhyî× jeGYi wecYb evaÅZvgƒjK KGiGQ|  [‰m.‰g ügvqyb Kwei]

Õ²vqyZG¯¨i ŠeKjÅ (Neurological disorder)  Õ²vqyZG¯¨ m†Ó¡ eÅvwa| ‰ aiGbi eÅvwaGK AGbK mgq `yB MÉ‚Gc fvM Kiv nq| AvNvZ ev msò×gGYi KviGY Õ²vqyZG¯¨i msMVGb ÞwZRwbZ ŠeKjÅ ‰es AvcvZ`†wÓ¡GZ ˆKvb mvsMVwbK ÞwZ cwijwÞZ bv nGjI Õ²vqyZ¯¨ wbq¯¨K ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ivmvqwbK Dcv`vbmgƒGn fvimvGgÅi AfveRwbZ ŠeKjÅ| eo aiGbi Õ²vqyGivGMi gGaÅ iGqGQ cÞvNvZ (paralysis), gwÕ¦Ó•veiK wSwÍÏ cÉ`vn (meningitis), gwÕ¦Ó• cÉ`vn (encephalitis), mylyÁ²v Kví cÉ`vn (myelitis, inflammation of spinal cord), Õ²vqy cÉ`vn (neuritis), gwÕ¦Ó• weKÁ·b I gƒQÆvcÉvwµ¦ (concussion and fainting)| iî× msenbZG¯¨i ŠeKjÅ (vascular disorder) ˆhgb cÞvNvZ (stroke) ev ˆcvwjI fvBivm msò×gY A^ev ˆgvUi KGUÆÝ a»smRwbZ cwiwÕ©wZ (cerebral palsy) ˆ`Gni mvsMVwbK ÞwZi RbÅ `vqx| ˆewki fvM ˆÞGò fvBivm ev eÅvKGUwiqv msò×gY ˆ^GK gwÕ¦Ó•veiK wSwÍÏ cÉ`vGni m†wÓ¡ nq| gwÕ¦Ó• cÉ`vGni RbÅ cÉavbZ `vqx fvBivm msò×gY| gwÕ¦GÓ•i weKÁ·b I gƒQÆvi RbÅ gyLÅZ AvNvZB `vqx|

evsjvG`Gki nvmcvZvj I wKÑwbKàwj ˆ^GK cÉvqB wewf®² ˆkÉYxi Õ²vqyGivMRwbZ ˆivGMi wiGcvUÆ cvIqv hvq| evsjvG`Gk weMZ 1990-‰i `kGK Õ©vwcZ mKj miKvwi I AwaKvsk ˆemiKvwi ˆgwWKÅvj KGjGRi gGaÅ Õ²vqyGivM wefvM ˆLvjv nGqGQ gvò KGqKwU KGjGR| ˆZGivwU miKvwi ˆgwWKÅvj KGjGRi gvò 7wUGZ Õ²vqyGivM wefvM AvGQ| ˆemiKvwi ˆmÙGii nvmcvZvjàwji gGaÅ eviGWg I nwj dÅvwgwj nvmcvZvGj Õ²vqyGivM wefvM iGqGQ| Abygvb Kiv nq ˆh, eZÆgvGb evsjvG`Gk cÉvq 25 Rb Õ²vqyGivM weGklæ iGqGQb, hvG`i ˆewki fvGMi AeÕ©vb XvKvq| Õ²vqyGivM wPwKrmvq gwÕ¦Ó• I mylyÁ²v Kví ‰es cÉvw¯¦K Õ²vqyZG¯¨i kjÅwPwKrmvi AvekÅK nq| Õ²vqykjÅwPwKrmv eÅeÕ©vi wPò AviI AmG¯¦vlRbK| eZÆgvGb evsjvG`Gk wek RGbi gGZv Õ²vqykjÅwPwKrmK KgÆiZ iGqGQb, wK¯§ ZuvG`i ˆewki fvM iGqGQb XvKvq ‰es ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk eãe®¬z ˆkL gywRe wPwKrmv wek¼we`Åvjq nvmcvZvGji Õ²vqyGivM wefvGM wbGqvwRZ| miKvwi AbÅvbÅ nvmcvZvjàwji gGaÅ mÅvi mwjgyÍÏvn ˆgwWKÅvj KGjR nvmcvZvj, XvKv ˆgwWKÅvj KGjR nvmcvZvj I KÁ¼vBbW wgwjUvwi nvmcvZvGj Õ²vqykjÅwPwKrmvi eÅeÕ©v AvGQ|

AcywÓ¡RwbZ eÅvwa (deficiency disease)  kixGii wecvKKvGhÆi RbÅ AcwinvhÆ eÕ§i AfvGei `i‚b m†Ó¡ ‰K aiGbi eÅvwa| LvG`Åi wewf®² cywÓ¡Ki Dcv`vGbi AcÉZzj Avnvi ‰es AvîxKiY I ˆkvlGY weN³ NUGj AcywÓ¡RwbZ ˆivM ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi| AbÅvbÅ me cÉvYxi gGZv gvbeG`Gni e†w«¬ I weKvk LvG`Åi gvaÅGg wKQy wbw`ÆÓ¡ AcwinvhÆ eÕ§i h^vh^ cÉvwµ¦i Ici wbfÆikxj| ˆcÉvwUb nGjv AÅvwgGbv ‰wmGWi Drm ˆhàwj RxeG`Gni wewf®² Aã-cÉZÅã wbgÆvGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq weGkl aiGbi ˆcÉvwUb ŠZwi KGi| ˆivMgyî× kixGii RbÅ wfUvwgb I LwbR c`v^Æ AcwinvhÆ, ˆhàwj eÅZxZ ˆ`Gni AZů¦ cÉGqvRbxq eü cÉvYivmvqwbK wewò×qv mÁ·®² nq bv| ‰àwj M†nxZ wewf®² cÉKvi Lv`Å`ËeÅ ˆ^GK cvIqv hvq| DwÍÏwLZ ‰B wZb cÉKvi Dcv`vGbi ˆhGKvb ‰KwUi Afve NUGjB ˆ`Gn ˆivGMi Drcwî NGU ‰es ‰B ˆivMàwjGK ‰KGò AcywÓ¡RwbZ ˆivM ejv nq| `ywU KviGY gvbeG`Gn ‰ aiGbi Afve NUGZ cvGi 1. LvG`Åi gvaÅGg ˆ`Gn cÉGqvRbxq wbw`ÆÓ¡ Dcv`vbwU bv ˆcuŒQvGbv ‰es 2. cÉvqk wKQy eskvbym†Z KviGY wecvKxq RwUjZvi RbÅ kixGi wbw`ÆÓ¡ Dcv`vbwU ˆkvwlZ A^ev eÅen…Z bv nIqv| D®²qbkxj ˆ`kàwjGZ AcywÓ¡RwbZ ˆivGMi Qwe mvaviYZ Awf®²| wfUvwgb, LwbR I AÅvwgGbv ‰wmGWi AfveNwUZ ˆivMmgƒn ‰àwji A¯¦fÆyî×| ‰àwji gGaÅ wfUvwgGbi Afve ˆ`Gn Lye mnGRB kbvî× Kiv hvq| myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi RbÅ AcwinvhÆ 13wU wfUvwgGbi gGaÅ ‘‰’, ‘we’, ‘wm’, ‘wW’ wfUvwgGbi AfveRwbZ ˆivMGK wKÑwbKÅvj ˆivM ejv nq| ˆ`Gn ‘‰’ wfUvwgGbi AfvGe ivZKvbv, ‘we’ wfUvwgGbi AfvGe ˆewiGewi I ˆcjvMÉv, ‘wm’ wfUvwgGbi AfvGe Õ•vwfÆ ‰es ‘wW’ wfUvwgGbi AfvGe wiGKU ˆivM nq| LwbR c`v^Æ I AÅvwgGbv ‰wmGWi AfvGei NUbv mnR`†Ó¡| AGqvwWGbi AfvGe MjMí ‰es ˆjvnvi NvUwZGZ ˆ`Gn wewf®² cÉKvi iî×kƒbÅZv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| `Õ¦v I Zvgvi Afve wewf®² wecvKxq RwUjZv NUvq ‰es ZvGZ cÉavbZ Z½GKi ÞZ I PzGji weK‡wZ NGU|

wfUvwgb ‘‰’-i AfveRwbZ wk÷G`i ivZKvbv ˆivM evsjvG`Gk AZÅwaK| LvG`Åi mGã AcÉZzj wfUvwgb MÉnY, eÅvcK `vwi`ËÅ ‰es AskZ AæZvi KviGY cywÓ¡nxb Lv`ÅvfÅvGmi `i‚b MÉvgvçGji AwaKvsk wk÷i gGaÅ ‘‰’ wfUvwgGbi AfveRwbZ SuzwK ˆ^GK hvq| mÁcÉwZ ‰K Rwic ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, 1-2 eQi eqmx wk÷G`i gGaÅ ‘‰’ wfUvwgGbi AfveRwbZ ivZKvbv ˆivGMi nvi cÉvq 2%| evsjvG`Gk cÉwZw`b KgcGÞ 88wU wk÷ ÷ay ‘‰’ wfUvwgGbi AfvGe A®¬ nGq hvq| beRvZGKi ˆÞGò evsjvG`Gki gvGqiv ÷ay Õ¦bÅ`yG™¬i gvaÅGg cÉvq 70% wk÷i wfUvwgb ‘‰’ Pvwn`v cƒiY KiGZ cvGib| ‰Qvov kvKmewR I djgƒj ‘‰’ wfUvwgbmg†«¬| mviv eQi aGi wKQy kvKmewR I djgƒj PvlvevG`i RbÅ AvenvIqv AZů¦ AbyK„j weavq A͸ LiP I ˆPÓ¡vq AvgvG`i ˆ`Gki MÉvgvçGji emZevwoGZ cwievGii RbÅ meyR kvKmewR Drcv`b Kiv hvq| wK¯§ cwievGii AvKvi eo nIqvq mewR Drcv`Gbi RbÅ M†nj™² Rwg KGg ˆMGQ| AeÕ©vi D®²wZKG͸ miKvi MYmGPZbZv m†wÓ¡ ‰es A͸ RwgGZ AwaK kvKmewR Drcv`Gbi D®²Z cÉhywî× D«¿veb KGiGQ ‰es ZvGZ wKQy mvdjÅI AwRÆZ nGqGQ| mÁcÉmvwiZ wUKv`vb KgÆmƒwPi ‰KwU Ask wnGmGe cuvP eQGii Kgeqmx wk÷G`i AwaK ÞgZvmÁ·®² wfUvwgb ‘‰’ KÅvcmyj LvIqvGbvi cwiK͸bvwU AmvaviY mvdjÅ jvf KGiGQ| AekÅ ˆ`Gki wewf®² AçGj AwRÆZ djvdj mG¯¦vlRbK bq ‰es Zv 16-85%| Z`ycwi Avkv Kiv hvq ˆh, ‰B cwiK͸bv I wfUvwgbhyî× Lv`ÅMÉnGYi eÅvcvGi m†Ó¡ mGPZbZv Kvjò×Gg wk÷G`i gGaÅ ‘‰’ wfUvwgb NvUwZ nËvm KiGZ cviGe| ‰Qvov AbÅvbÅ wfUvwgbRwbZ Afve `vwi`ËÅ I AcywÓ¡i KviGY weGklfvGe MÉvgvçGj mnR`†Ó¡, ZGe ‰ mÁ·GKÆ ˆKvb mwVK cwimsLÅvb ˆbB|

kixGi LwbR c`vG^Æi Afve nGj AGbK mgq iî×kƒbÅZv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| `Õ¦vi AfvGe wk÷G`i gvivñK Wvqwiqvi mGã Z½GK mv`v mv`v `vM IGV| 1990-‰i `kGK AvBwmwWwWAvi,we KZ‡ÆK cwiPvwjZ KGqKwU mgxÞv ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh, evsjvG`Gk `Õ¦vi Afve LyeB eÅvcK| gvbe ˆ`Gni kZvwaK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ DrGmPGKi KvhÆKvwiZvi RbÅ `Õ¦v AZÅvekÅK| ‰wU AvgvG`i RbGMvÓ¤xi gGaÅ A`†kÅ LwbRNvUwZi AbÅZg `†Ó¡v¯¦ nGZ cvGi| ˆ`Gk AbÅvbÅ LwbR c`vG^Æi NvUwZRwbZ ˆivMI eÅvcK nGZ cvGi, wK¯§ ‰àwj ‰LbI AwPwn×ZB iGq ˆMGQ, miKvGii RbÕ¼vÕ©Å KvhÆò×Ggi bRGi AvGm wb, Avi Zv ‰RbÅ ˆh evsjvG`Gk eZÆgvGb gv^vwcQy Õ¼vÕ©ÅLvGZ eÅq gvò 3 Wjvi| ‰gZveÕ©vq ÷ay AwaK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Õ¼vÕ©ÅmgmÅvàwji w`GKB bRi ˆ`Iqv mÁ¿e| evsjvG`Gk eskvbym†Z ò‚wUi KviGY ˆhme AcywÓ¡RwbZ ˆivM ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ˆmàwj mÁ·GKÆ h^vh^ Z^Å cvIqv hvq bv|

eügƒò I ‰G´£vwò×b ˆivM  MÉw¯©im (niGgvb) I wecvKxq RwUjZvi KviGY m†Ó¡ ˆivMmgƒGni ‰KwU cÉPwjZ bvg| A¯¦tmËvex ˆivGMi gGaÅ mvaviYZ AZÅwaK Z‡úv I AwZwiî× cÉmËvGei DcmMÆmn WvqvGewUm ev eügƒò eü`†Ó¡ ‰es ˆMvUv c†w^exi jÞ jÞ gvbyl ‰B ˆivGM Avò×v¯¦| eügƒò ˆivMwU gayGgn (diabetes mellitus) bvGgI cwiwPZ| A™²ÅvkGqi wbw`ÆÓ¡ wKQy wKQy ˆKvl ˆ^GK Drc®² Bbmywjb niGgvGbi AfvGei `i‚b WvqvGewUm ˆgwjUvm ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| Bbmywjb ˆhŒM ‰KwU ÞzG` cwjGccUvBW hv iî× ˆ^GK AwaKvsk ˆ`nGKvGl ™ÏyGKvGRi cÉGek wbq¯¨Y KGi| ˆKvlgaÅÕ© kwî× Drcv`Gbi RbÅ RviYagÆx wewò×qvq ™ÏyGKvR ˆfGO hvq| BbmywjGbi AbycwÕ©wZGZ ˆKvGli gGaÅ ™ÏyGKvGRi cÉGek evavcÉvµ¦ nq ‰es ˆivMvò×v¯¦ eÅwî×i iGî× ™ÏyGKvGRi gvòv AZzÅœP chÆvGq ˆcuŒQvq| ™ÏyGKvR ˆKvGl cÉGek KiGZ bv cviGj ‰es wecvKwò×qv mÁ·®² KiGZ eÅ^Æ nGj kwî× Drcv`b nËvm cvq dGj ˆ`Gn eümsLÅK ˆivGMi gvivñK RwUjZvi wfwîcÉÕ§Z nGZ ^vGK|

evsjvG`Gki gGZv D®²qbkxj ˆ`Gk AGbKàwj A¯¦tmËvex ˆivMB gƒjZ DGcwÞZ, KviY ‰àwji cÉGKvc axGi axGi ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ‰es ˆmRbÅ wPwKrmv myweavI AMÉvwaKvi cvq bv| AekÅ ‰Uv BœQvK‡Z bq, Avw^ÆK AÕ¼œQjZvi RbÅB NGUGQ| ‰GÞGò cÉ^g AMÉMYÅ f„wgKvi RbÅ ÕÃiYxq nGq AvGQb ˆgvnvÁÃ` BeËvnxg| wZwb 1956 mvGj evGqvGgwWKÅvj MGelYv cÉwZÓ¤vb eviGWg msÕ©vwUi ˆMvovcîb KGib| XvKvi evwm±`v ‰es ˆ`Gki AbÅvbÅ ‰jvKv ˆ^GK AmsLÅ eügƒò ˆivMx ‰LvGb wPwKrmv jvf KGib eGj cÉwZÓ¤vbwU WvqvGewUK nvmcvZvj bvGgB mgwaK cwiwPZ|

eügƒò ˆivGMi `ywU cÉavb aib BbmywjbwbfÆi eügƒò ev aib-1 ‰es BbmywjbwbfÆi bq ‰gb eügƒò ev aib-2| aib-1 ˆivMxG`i eügƒò wbq¯¨Y KwVb, ˆKbbv ‰RbÅ ˆivMxi cÉwZw`b Bbmywjb BbGRKkb MÉnY AvekÅK| iGî× ™ÏyGKvGRi gvòv mwVK ivLvi RbÅ ZvG`i cÉvqk w`Gb 2-3 evi Bbmywjb BbGRKkb wbGZ nq| w«¼Zxq aiGbi eügƒGò Lv`ÅvfÅvm wbq¯¨Y ‰es AwZwiî× KÅvjwi wbtGkl Kivi RbÅ wbqwgZ eÅvqvGgi ˆhŒ^wewa cvjbxq| cÉ^g aiGbi Zzjbvq w«¼Zxq aiGbi eügƒò ˆivMxi msLÅv AGbK ˆewk| mvaviYZ eügƒò ˆivM eskMZ, ZGe w«¼Zxq aiGbi Zzjbvq cÉ^gwUi eskMZ mÁ¿veÅZv AwaK, hw`I cvwicvwk¼ÆK AeÕ©vi f„wgKvI ‰B ˆivGMi ˆÞGò weGkl ài‚Z½cƒYÆ|

cwicvKZ¯¨ eÅvwa (diseases of digestive system)  Lv`Å I cvbxGqi gvaÅGg cwicvKZG¯¨ AbycÉweÓ¡ ˆivM| ‰Qvov cwicvKZG¯¨ wecvKxq KviY I cxob m†Ó¡ Amsò×vgK ˆivMI ˆ`Lv hvq| `yeÆj Õ¼vÕ©Å I Õ¼vÕ©Åweavb c«¬wZ ‰es we÷«¬ cvbxq RGji msKU mÁ¼wjZ D®²qbkxj ˆ`kmgƒGn cwicvKZG¯¨i ÞwZKi eo aiGbi ˆivGMi gGaÅ D`ivgq ‰KwU eüj cwiwPZ ˆivM| wewf®² aiGbi eÅvKGUwiqv I fvBivm Drcvw`Z ˆivMeÕ§ ‰es Avw¯¨K ciRxex KZƆK D`ivgGqi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰G`Gk mviv eQieÅvcx AwaKvsk gvbyGli gGaÅ bvbv cÉK‡wZi gvivñK D`ivgq, KGjiv I eÅvwmjvm-m†Ó¡ (bacillus) Avgvkq ev iî× Avgvkq eü`†Ó¡ ‰es KLbI KLbI gnvgvix wnGmGe ‰mGei cÉv`yfÆve NGU| KZKàwj ˆivM m†wÓ¡Kvix eÅvwmjvm, ˆhgb E. coli wKQyUv Kg gvivñK D`ivgGqi m†wÓ¡ KiGjI ‰GZ Avò×v¯¦ gvbyGli msLÅv hG^Ó¡ ˆewk| Salmonella typhi KZƆK msò×wgZ UvBdGqW R¾iI cwicvKZG¯¨i gvaÅGg msNwUZ nq| ‰B eÅvKGUwiqv LvevGii wfZi w`Gq cÉ^Gg cwicvKZG¯¨ ‰es cGi iî×msenbZG¯¨ ˆXvGK| AÅvwgev-m†Ó¡ Avgvkq ‰es Avw¯¨K K‡wg I ciRxex cÉvYx KZƆK msò×gYI ˆ`Lv hvq, weGklfvGe MÉvgxY ‰jvKvi wk÷G`i gGaÅ ‰mGei msò×gY NGU AwaK| evsjvG`Gki gvbyGli kZKiv cÉvq 14 fvM D`ivgGq, kZKiv 10 fvM Avw¯¨K K‡wgGZ I kZKiv 6 fvM ˆccwUK AvjmvGi (peptic ulcer) ˆfvGM| cwicvKZG¯¨i BwiGUej evIGqj wmG´£Èvg (irritable bowel syndrome) ‰KwU eü`†Ó¡ ˆivM| ‰GZ eyKR¾vjv, ˆcUeÅ^v I ZjGcGU wLuPzwb ˆ`Lv w`GjI cvKÕ©jxGZ cÉvqk ÞZ m†wÓ¡ nq bv| MGelYvq bZzb AvweÓ•‡Z cvKÕ©jxi eÅvKGUwiqvi (Helicobacter pylori) AwaK we`ÅgvbZvi welqwU Rvbv hvGœQ| cvKÕ©jx cÉ`vn (gastritis) I ˆccwUK Avjmvi ev cPb ÞGZ ˆfvMv ˆivMxG`i cvKÕ©jxi ÞZ I KÅv´ÖvGii mGãI ‰i ˆhvM iGqGQ| evsjvG`Gki RbmvaviY hw`I AwaK gvòvq cvKÕ©jx cÉ`vnRwbZ ˆivMGfvGMi AwfGhvM KGi ‰es ‰ aiGbi cvKÕ©jxi wek†›Ljvi `i‚b A™²ÅvkGq cÉ`vGniI (pancreatitis) m†wÓ¡ nq|

evsjvG`Gki eo eo nvmcvZvjàwj ˆ^GK Avw¯¨K DcÕ©wjgqZv (diverticulosis), AG¯¨i cÉvPxGii ˆKvb Ask `yeÆj nGj ˆm Õ©vGb PvGci `i‚b ˆVGj ˆewiGq ‰Gm ^GjGZ cwiYZ nIqv, ÞZKviK gjv¯¨ cÉ`vn (ulcerative colities), gjv¯¨ I gjvkq AçGj ÞZ ‰es (colorectal cancer) gjv¯¨ I gjvkGqi KÅv´ÖvGii gGZv cwicvKZG¯¨i gvivñK eÅvwaàwji cÉv`yfÆve mÁ·GKÆ wiGcvUÆ cvIqv hvGœQ| wK¯§ RbmvaviGYi gGaÅ ‰mGei weÕ¦‡wZi cwigvY KZLvwb Zv Rvbv hvq bv| ‰Z`çGji wecyj msLÅK RbmvaviGYi kvKmewReüj Lv`ÅvfÅvGmi KviGY cvøvGZÅi ˆ`kàwji gvbyGli Zzjbvq ‰LvbKvi gvbyGli ‰me ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve AGcÞvK‡ZfvGe Kg eGj aviYv Kiv nq|  [wRqv Dwób AvnGg`]

PÞzeÅvwa  eÅvcKfvGe ˆPvGLi ˆivMmgynGK wbÁ²i…Gc fvM Kiv hvq, ˆhgb 1. R¯ÃMZ ˆivM- ‰KwU wk÷ eskMZ ˆRGbwUK RwUjZvmn R¯ÃMÉnY KiGZ cvGi A^ev MfÆveÕ©vq wk÷wU wbw`ÆÓ¡ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆivGM Avò×v¯¦ nGZ cvGi, 2. m†Ó¡ ˆivM- AvNvZ, AcywÓ¡, ciRxex, eÅvKGUwiqv, fvBivm, eÅvwmjvm ‰es dvsMvm «¼viv msò×gGYi dGj ‰KRb eÅwî× ˆPvGLi mgmÅvq Avò×v¯¦ nGZ cvGi| ˆckvKvGhÆ wbGqvwRZ ^vKv AeÕ©vq AvKwÕÃK wec` ‰es evaÆGKÅi KviGY (evaÆKÅRwbZ AeÞq) ˆPvGLi wKQy wKQy eÅvwai m†wÓ¡ nq|

evsjvG`Gk cÉvµ¦eqÕ• gvbyGli ˆÞGò A®¬GZ½i cÉavb KviY nGjv Qvwb ‰es wk÷G`i ˆÞGò KwbÆqvi AÕ¼vfvweKZv| AvNvZ ev ÞGZi (trauma) KviGY m†Ó¡ A®¬GZ½i msLÅv wk÷G`i ˆÞGò cÉvq 27 kZvsk ‰es cÉvµ¦eqÕ•G`i ˆÞGò cÉvq 10 kZvsk| cÉvµ¦eqÕ•G`i gGaÅ ™ÏyGKvgvi KviGY m†Ó¡ A®¬GZ½i gvòv cÉvq 16 kZvsk| MÉvgvçGj ˆPvGLi AmyÕ©Zvi mvgwMÉK cÉPjb nvi cÉvq 5 kZvsk| AwaKvsk ˆPvGLi AmyÕ©Zv ռ͸ AvGqi gvbyGli gGaÅ ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq|  [‰g.AvB ˆPŒayix]

ˆQuvqvGP ˆivM (Infectious disease) fvBivm, eÅvKGUwiqv, AbÅvbÅ ciRxex ev ˆivMm†wÓ¡Kvix RxevYyi gGZv msò×vgK Dcv`vbNwUZ ˆhGKvb eÅvwa| ‰me ˆivM ˆQuvqvGP ‰es evZvm, `ƒwlZ Lv`Å I cvwb MÉnY, gvbyGli msÕ·kÆ BZÅvw` wewf®² KviGY ˆjvKmgvGR QwoGq cGo| eÅwî×MZ cwiœQ®²Zv I Õ¼vÕ©Åweavb ˆgGb Pjvi AfÅvm, wbgÆj cwiGek I Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ Lv`ÅvfÅvm BZÅvw` AbymiGYi dGj msò×vgK RxevYy ZZUv `Ë‚Z QwoGq coGZ cvGi bv| wKQy msò×vgK eÅvwa Dcvmbvjq, we`Åvjq, RbmgvGek, evRvi ‰jvKv BZÅvw` AwZwiî× Rbeüj cwiGeGk `Ë‚Z QovGZ cvGi| Avevi wKQy msò×vgK eÅvwa, ˆhgb ‰BWm I ˆhŒbGivM ˆKej Š`wnK mÁ·GKÆi gvaÅGgB Qovq|

evsjvG`Gki msò×vgK eÅvwai Qwe MÉxÓÃgíjxq AGbKàwj D®²qbkxj ˆ`Gki we`Ågvb cwiwÕ©wZ ˆ^GK Awf®²| cvwbevwnZ msò×vgK ˆivGMi gGaÅ D`ivgq, KGjiv, eÅvwmjvwi Avgvkq, UvBdGqW I KGqK aiGbi Rw´£m ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| evqyevwnZ ˆivGMi gGaÅ iGqGQ BbdÑyGqév, wbDGgvwbqv I hßv| wbweo Š`wnK mÁ·GKÆi gvaÅGg QwoGq cov ˆivGMi gGaÅ iGqGQ MGbvwiqv, wmwdwjm I fvBivmevwnZ fqâi ˆivM ‰BWm|

D®²qbkxj ˆ`Gk ˆivMcwiwÕ©wZi wKQy ŠewkÓ¡Å AvGQ| AZÅwaK `vwiG`ËÅi mGã Õ¼vÕ©Å I Õ¼vÕ©Åweavb eÅeÕ©vi AcÉZzjZv, NbemwZ, AcwiGkvwaZ cvbxq Rj ‰K K^vq RxevYyKxYÆ cwiGek msò×vgK ˆivGMi eÅvcK cÉGKvc NUvq| evsjvG`Gki 5wU cÉavb msò×vgK ˆivGMi nvi nGjv D`ivgq 15%, Avw¯¨K K‡wg 10% ‰es PgÆGivM, iî×kƒbÅZv I msò×vgK k¼vmGivGMi cÉGZÅKwU 8%|

AviI ˆ`Lyb  Avgvkq; BbdÑzGqév; D`ivgq ˆivM; ‰BWm; KGjiv; Rw´£m; hßv|

`ƒlYRwbZ ˆivM (pollution-related disease)  gvbyGli Õ¼vGÕ©Åi ÞwZKi c`v^Æmn evqy, cvwb I gvwUi `ƒlYRwbZ eÅvwamgƒn| AwaKvsk ˆÞGò ‰B me `ƒlGYi RbÅ gvbyGli KgÆKvíB `vqx| evsjvG`Gki RbmsLÅv wecyj ‰es ‰LvGb cqtwbÓ•vkGbi eÅeÕ©vI h^v^Æ bq| ‰G`Gk eüw`b ˆ^GK cvwbi DcwiÕ¦i eÅvKGUwiqv I fvBivGmi gGZv RxevYy «¼viv `ƒwlZ nGq AvmGQ| ‰i dGj ˆmmGã cvwbevwnZ eÅvwa ˆhgb KGjiv, mvw®²evwZK, R¾i I D`ivgq BZÅvw` ˆivMI m†wÓ¡ nGq PGjGQ| AZxGZ DwÍÏwLZ ˆivMmgƒn ˆ^GK AvGivGMÅi Dcvq Rvbv wQj bv| KGjiv gnvgvixGZ AvÞwiK AG^Æ ˆMvUv MÉvGgi gvbyl DRvo nGq ˆhZ| eZÆgvGb KGjiv I AbÅvbÅ D`ivgq msò×v¯¦ ævb cƒGeÆi Zzjbvq AGcÞvK‡Z ˆewk| evsjvG`Gk 1960 mvGj Av¯¦RÆvwZK D`ivgq MGelYv ˆK±`Ê Õ©vwcZ nq| ‰B cÉwZÓ¤vb cÉwZ eQi jÞ jÞ gvbyGli Rxeb iÞvq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Ae`vb ivLGQ| cvwbi gvb D®²Z nGjI ‰es Õ¼vÕ©Å I Õ¼vÕ©Åweavb mÁ·GKÆ RbMGYi mGPZbZv e†w«¬ ˆcGjI, ‰LbI evsjvG`Gk LvIqvi cvwb `ƒlGYi KviGY cÉwZ eQi cÉvq mvGo mvZ jÞ gvbyl D`ivgGq Avò×v¯¦ nq| AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi DcvGq gjZÅvGMi AfÅvGmi `i‚b gvwU RxevYy I Avw¯¨K ciRxex «¼viv `ƒwlZ nq| ‰wUI eü aiGbi D`ivgq ˆivGMi RbÅ `vqx| ivmvqwbK `ƒlK ˆhgb KxUbvkGKi AeGkl I ivmvqwbK A‹Re mvi «¼viv gvwU `ƒlGYi cwigvY Lye ˆewk eGj aviYv Kiv nq| welvî× ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb KZ‡ÆK `ƒwlZ gvwU Lv`Å-k†›LGj mÁ·†î× nGq cÉvqB gvbyGli Õ¼vGÕ©Åi ÞwZ KGi ‰es ‰ aiGbi ˆivM ˆh AekÅB Õ¼vÕ©Å mgmÅvi KviY Zv kbvî× nGZ `xNÆ mgGqi cÉGqvRb cGo|

1990 mvGji ˆMvov ˆ^GK mÁcÉwZKvGji eQiàwjGZ wewf®² aiGbi Õ¼qswò×q hvbevnb `Ë‚Z ˆeGo hvIqvq ‰es evsjvG`k gyî× evwYRÅ A^ÆbxwZGZ cÉGek Kivq eZÆgvGb ivRavbx kni XvKvq evqy`ƒlYRwbZ eÅvwa eo iKGgi mgmÅv wnGmGe ˆ`Lv w`GqGQ| XvKv knGi me wgwjGq 2,00,000 ˆgvUiPvwjZ hvbevnb PjvPj KGi| hvbevnGbi eo Ask nGjv cyivGbv wZb PvKvi `yB ˆÕ¡ËvKwewkÓ¡ BwébPvwjZ Õ¼qswò×q wiKkv, cyivGbv I AwZ `yeÆjfvGe iÞYvGeÞY Kiv evm I wecyj msLÅK UÇvK| knGii evZvGm fvwi avZz wmmvi cwigvY AbyGgv`bGhvMÅ cwigvY ˆ^GK 50-100 àY ˆewk| cÉavb moGKi cvGki ˆ`vKvb`viivI ‰B `ƒlGYi cÉwZK„j cÉwZwò×qvi wkKvi nq, KviY ‰iv w`Gb 12 N¥Ÿv, mµ¦vGn 6 w`b ˆ`vKvb ˆLvjv ivGL ‰es mviv eQi aGi ‰B `ƒlGYi gGaÅ KvUvq| Õ¼qswò×q hvbevnb ˆ^GK wecyj cwigvGY wbMÆZ ˆauvqv I ZxeË kõRGUi wkKvi nGq mvaviY gvbyl nuvcvwb, eËâvBwUGmi gGZv k¼vmKÓ¡ I wewf®² aiGbi kÉeYRwbZ KGÓ¡ ˆfvGM| ‰KBfvGe Õ¼qswò×q wiKkvi PvjKG`i cÉvq kZKiv 30 fvM kÉeY ŠeKjÅ mgmÅvq ˆfvGM|

AZÅwaK Õ¼qswò×q hvbevnb PjvPGji moGKi KvQvKvwQ emevmiZ I kõRGUi wkKvi wKQy gvbyGli Ici cwiPvwjZ RwiGc (1998-99) wk÷ I cÉvµ¦eqÕ• DfGqi iGî× wmmvi Õ¦i AvkâvRbK nvGi ˆewk aiv cGoGQ| wmmvhyî× I AchÆvµ¦fvGe cwiGkvwaZ MÅvGmvwjb eÅenviB ‰i RbÅ cÉavbZ `vqx ‰es ‰me evZvGm DuPz Õ¦Gii mvjdviI iGqGQ| evZvGm DœPnvGi weivRgvb wmmv I M®¬GKi KviGY bvbv DcmMÆmn eüwea ˆivGMi m†wÓ¡ nq|  [wRqv Dwób AvnGg`]

k¼vmGivM  AwZ Av`ËÆ MÉxÓÃgíjxq ‰jvKvi ˆ`k nIqvi KviGY evsjvG`Gki AGbK ˆjvK mnGRB wewf®² aiGbi k¼vmGivGM Avò×v¯¦ nq| evqy`ƒlY, AÕ¼vÕ©ÅKi cwiGeGk Rxeb-hvcb ‰es AcywÓ¡ AGbK ˆÞGò ‰me ˆivMGK AviI RwUj KGi ˆZvGj|

k¼vmGivGMi mvaviY DcmGMÆi gGaÅ Kvwk, k¼vmKÓ¡, cuyRhyî× Kd, eyGK eÅ^v, NbNb nuvwP, iî×Kvk ‰es AwÝGRb ռ͸Zv DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| evsjvG`Gk mPivPi `†Ó¡ k¼vmGivMàwji gGaÅ iGqGQ mw`Æ, BbdÑzGqév, wbDGgvwbqv, hßv, bvGKi I k¼vmbvjxi cÉ`vn ‰es nuvcvwb|  [‰g iwdKzj Bmjvg]

ˆhŒbGivM (sexually Transmitted Diseases/STDs) Avò×v¯¦ mãxi mGã ˆhŒbmãGgi gvaÅGg cÉvµ¦ ˆivM| msGÞGc ˆhŒbGivMI ejv nq| mvaviYZ gvbyGli ˆhŒbvã, gyL I Mjvi Dú I mÅuvZmÅuvGZ wSwÍÏevmx fvBivm, eÅvKGUwiqv, QòvK, ˆcÉvGUvGRvqv, gvBGKvµÏvRgv I ciRxexivB ‰me ˆivGMi KviY| ˆhŒbwò×qvi gvaÅGg msò×wgZ ˆivGMi gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ nGjv wmwdwjm, MGbvwiqv, Dc`sker ÞZ (chancroid), MÉvbyGjvgv BsàBbvwj, wjGÁ¹vMÉvbyGjvgv ˆfGbivg, ˆLvmcuvPov, ˆhŒbvGãi `vnKzwo, AÅvGbvGiÙvj nvwcÆm I IqvUÆ (AuvwPj), DKzb, ˆhŒb-nuvRv, ˆgvjvmKvg KbUvwRImvg, Awbw`ÆÓ¡ gƒòbvjxcÉ`vn KÑÅvgvBWv msò×gY, mvBGUvGgMvGjv fvBivm I ‰BWm|

evsjvG`Gk ˆhŒbGivM msò×gGYi cÉK‡Z wPò ‰es Avò×v¯¦ eÅwî×i mwVK msLÅv wbi…cY mÁ¿e nq bv| evsjvG`k WvgÆvGUvjwRKÅvj ˆmvmvBwUi wnmve Abyhvqx wewf®² nvmcvZvj I Õ¼vÕ©Å ˆKG±`Êi ewnweÆfvGM AvMZ ˆivMxG`i 30 fvGMiI ˆewk PgÆGivM I ˆhŒbGivGM Avò×v¯¦ ‰es ‰G`i msLÅv ò×gv¯¼Gq evoGQ| cÉv^wgK ‰K mgxÞvq ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ, wiGcvUÆK‡Z ˆivMxG`i gGaÅ MGbvKØvmnxb gƒòbvjxcÉ`vGn 31%, MGbvwiqvq 25%, wmwdwjGm 20%, Dc`sker ÞGZ 12%, nvwcÆm ˆRwbUvwjGm 3% I AbÅvbÅ ˆhŒbGivM 10% Avò×v¯¦| ‰G`i 50% Qvò, hvG`i eqmmxgv 21-30 eQi| ˆhŒbKgÆxiv kZKiv 80% msò×gGYi Drm| ˆhŒbGivM wPwKrmvi myweav XvKv I ˆ`Gki AbÅvbÅ KGqKwU eo knGii wKQy nvmcvZvGjB mxgve«¬|

‰BPAvBwf msò×gGYi ˆÞGò evsjvG`k ˆewk SzuwKcƒYÆ I bvRyK AeÕ©vq AvGQ, KviY cvk¼ÆeZÆx ˆ`k fviGZ ‰BPAvBwf cwRwUf ˆivMxi msLÅv hG^Ó¡ ‰es `yG`Gki cÉPzi ˆjvK eÅemv, wPwKrmv I ögGYi DGóGkÅ wbqwgZ hvZvqvZ KiGQ| evsjvG`Gk cÉ^g ‰BPAvBwf cwRwUf ˆivMx kbvî× nq 1989 mvGj| 1998 mvGji Ryb chƯ¦ ‰BPAvBwf cwRwUf ˆivMx cvIqv ˆMGQ 102 Rb ‰es ‰BWm Avò×v¯¦ 10 Rb|

eü mgxÞvq ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh ˆhŒbKgÆxG`i gGaÅ ˆhŒbGivM AZÅwaK| 1990-‰i `kGKi cÉ^gw`GK cwiPvwjZ ‰K mgxÞv Abyhvqx ‰G`i 28-67.5% wmwdwjm, 14.3-27% MGbvwiqv, 18% ˆncvUvBwUm-we ˆivMx|

jÅveGiUwi cixÞvq ˆKvb ˆhŒbKgÆxi ‰BPAvBwf cwRwUf aiv cGo wb| XvKv knGii Õ©vqx I fvmgvb ˆhŒbKgÆxG`i ZzjbvgƒjK ‰K mgxÞvq ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh, ‰G`i gGaÅ wmwdwjGmi nvi h^vò×Gg 39% ‰es 56%| Dfq ˆÞGòB ˆKvb ‰BPAvBwf cwRwUf ˆivMx cvIqv hvq wb|

ˆckv`vi iî×weGò×ZvG`i gGaÅ ‰K MGelYvq ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh ‰G`i 19.4% wmwdwjm Avò×v¯¦| wmwdwjm I ˆncvUvBwUm-we Avò×v¯¦iv wbGRG`i ˆivM mÁ·GKÆ ˆRGbI iî× weò×q KGi| KGqw`G`i 8% wmwdwjm ˆivMx|  [ˆgvt knx`DÍÏvn]

ˆivMevnK msò×vwgZ ˆivM (vector-borne disease)  cÉvYx «¼viv evwnZ ˆivM| ‰B evnKG`i ˆewki fvMB KxUcZã, wUK I gvBURvZxq cÉvYx, ZGe KwZcq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆivGMi evnK nGjv kvgyK| cÉvwYevwnZ ˆivGMi wmsnfvMB Dúgíjxq ‰es D®²qbkxj ˆ`kàwjGZ weÕZ‡Z| evsjvG`Gki bw^fzî× cÉvwYevwnZ ˆivGMi gGaÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ gÅvGjwiqv, dvBGjwiqv (ˆMv`), KvjvR¾i, ˆWãyR¾i I fvBivmNwUZ KGqK iKGgi gwÕ¦Ó•cÉ`vn (encephalitis)|

gÅvGjwiqv  ‰G`Gk ‰KwU meÆKvjxb RbÕ¼vÕ©Å mgmÅv| ‰B ˆivM ‰LbI ˆ`Gki Dîi ‰es cƒeÆvsGk fviZ I gvqvbgvi mxgv¯¦ msj™² Õ©vbàwji ‰KwU AvçwjK ˆivM| Hme Açj ‰es e«¼xcxq µÏvebf„wgi wKQy wewœQ®² ‰jvKv ˆ^GK cÉvqB gÅvGjwiqvi cÉv`yfÆvGei Lei cvIqv hvq| 1988 mvj ˆ^GK gÅvGjwiqv cwiwÕ©wZi AebwZ NUGQ| 1988 mvGji 33,824wU msò×gGYi NUbv 1998 mvGj 60,023wUGZ ˆcuŒQvq ‰es Z¯ÃGaÅ 70 kZvskB falciparum msò×gY Avi ˆgvU msò×gGYi cÉvq 90% NGU e†nîi PëMÉvg I cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi ˆRjvàwjGZ| ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ, ˆh me ˆjvK gÅvGjwiqv AayÅwlZ bq ‰gb Õ©vb ˆ^GK e†nîi PëMÉvg I cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg AçGj emwZ Õ©vcb KGiGQ gÅvGjwiqvq ZvG`iB g†ZzÅnvi AwaK| ‰gbwK XvKv kni ˆ^GKI cÉvqB ‰B ˆivGMi Lei cvIqv hvq|

dvBGjwiqv  ‰ ˆivM gvbyGli gGaÅ meÆvwaK jÞYxq AãweK‡wZ NwUGq ^vGK| ‰wUGK ˆMv` ˆivMI eGj, hvGZ kixGii wewf®² Ask wekvjvKvGi dzGj IGV| cÉv`yf„ÆZ ‰jvKvq RbGMvÓ¤xi 30 fvM ˆMvG` Avò×v¯¦ nGZ cvGi| evsjvG`Gki wewf®² AçGj ˆMvG`i cÉv`yfÆve wewf®² gvòvq we`Ågvb| DîivçGji ˆRjvàwjGZ ˆhgb VvKziMuvI, w`bvRcyi, iscyi I bxjdvgvixGZ ‰ ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve ˆewk ‰es ‰RbÅ `vqx evnK wKDGjÝ gkv ‰es ciRxex ‰K wbgvGUvW| eÕ§Z, evsjvG`Gk dvBGjwiqvi evnKàwj wbq¯¨GYi ˆKvb KvhÆò×g ˆbB| ˆKvb ˆKvb ˆcŒimfvi gkv wbq¯¨Y eÅeÕ©vi KjÅvGY dvBGjwiqvi evnK wnGmGe cwiwPZ Culex quinquefasciatus gkvI a»sm nGq ^vGK|

KvjvR¾i  cÉGUvGRvqv Leishmania donovani NwUZ Dúgíjxq I Dc-Dúgíjxq MÉvgvçGji ‰KwU mvaviY msò×vgK ˆivM| ˆivMwUGK Avw¯¨K wjkvgÅvwbqvwmmI (visceral leishmaniasis) ejv nGq ^vGK| ‰B ˆivGMi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv weGklfvGe hK‡r I µÏxnvi Rvjxq- A¯¦wSÆwÍÏZG¯¨i (reticulo-endothelial system) weK‡wZ ‰es ‰GZ cÉvqk g†ZzÅ NUGZ cvGi| wk÷ivB ‰B ˆivGMi ˆewk wkKvi nq| msò×wgZ Õ¨x evwjgvwQ ev mÅv´£dÑvB-‰i (Phlebotomus argentipes) KvgGo KvjvR¾Gii msò×gY NGU| ˆivGMi mywµ¦Kvj 2-6 gvm| evsjvG`Gk ˆivMwU 1940 mvj ˆ^GK RbÕ¼vÕ©Å mgmÅv wnGmGe wPwn×Z| gÅvGjwiqv wbq¯¨GY eÅen…Z wWwWwU QovGbvi cGivÞ dj wnGmGe ˆivMevnK evwjgvwQI gviv hvIqvq KvjvR¾Gii cÉGKvc AGbKvsGk ˆjvc cvq| wK¯§ 1970 mvGji ˆkl w`GK ˆivMwU AveviI ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| e†nîi gqgbwmsn, iscyi, ivRkvnx I KzwgÍÏv ˆRjvq ‰B ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq|

gnvgvix ˆivMwbq¯¨Y I MGelYv BbwÕ¡wUDU (Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research) cwiPvwjZ mgxÞv AbymvGi ˆivMwU AvZâRbK nvGi QwoGq coGQ| `k eQi AvGM ‰wU DîivçGji ˆRjvàwjGZB mxwgZ wQj, Avi ‰Lb cÉvq 30wUi ˆewk ˆRjvq QwoGq cGoGQ| evsjvG`Gk KvjvR¾Gii evnK wbq¯¨GYi ˆKvb wbqwgZ KvhÆò×g ˆbB| ˆKvb AçGj AwaK cwigvGY ‰ ˆivGMi msò×gY NUGj ˆmLvGb AGbK mgq wWwWwU QovGbv nGq ^vGK, ˆKbbv evnK mÅv´£dÑvB ‰LbI wWwWwUGZ gviv cGo| ˆKvb ˆKvb ˆÞGò KxUbvkK gvLvGbv gkvwii mvnvGhÅ KvjvR¾i wbq¯¨GYi ˆPÓ¡vq wKQyUv mvdjÅ AwRÆZ nGqGQ| gvwQG`i cÉRbbGÞò a»sm KivB KvjvR¾i wbq¯¨GYi cÉavb Dcvq|

ˆWãy  cÉavbZ ‰wkqvi MÉxÓÃgíjxq ˆ`kàwjGZ mnR`†Ó¡ ‰KwU fvBivmNwUZ msò×vgK ˆivM| jÞ jÞ ˆjvGKi gGaÅ gnvgvixi gGZv ‰ ˆivGMi eÅvcK msò×gY NGUwQj KÅvwiweqvb Açj (1977-1981), `wÞY AvGgwiKv (1980 mvGji ˆMvovi w`GK), cÉkv¯¦ gnvmvMixq Açj (1979) ‰es ˆmB mGã AvwdÌKvGZI| iî×Þiv ˆWãyR¾i (Dengue haemorrhagic fever/DHF) ‰es ˆWãy kK wmbGWÈvg (Dengue shock syndrome/DSS) cÉ^g ˆ`Lv hvq 1953-1954 mvGj gÅvwbjvq| ˆivMwU 1975 mvj bvMv` `wÞY-cƒeÆ ‰wkqvi AwaKvsk ˆ`Gk wbqwgZ weiwZGZ cÉv`yf„ÆZ nGZ ^vGK| ‰wU cÉavbZ knivçGjB NGU ^vGK| ˆWãyi 4wU wewf®² ‰w´ŸGRwbK fÅvivBwU kbvî× Kiv ˆMGQ ‰es meàwjB w`Gb `skbKvix Aedes aegypti gkv Qovq| ˆWãy ˆivGMi mvaviY jÞGYi gGaÅ AvGQ nVvr R¾i, kixi gÅvRgÅvR fve, PÞzGMvjGK eÅ^v, AZÅwaK wcVeÅ^v BZÅvw`|

evsjvG`Gk ˆWãy ‰KwU cybivwef„ÆZ ˆivM wnGmGe MYÅ| ˆMvUv c†w^exGZ cÉwZ eQi 5 ˆKvwU ˆjvK ˆWãyGZ Avò×v¯¦ nq| miKvwi Dcvî ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq, RyjvB gvGmi ˆkl ˆ^GK AvMÕ¡ gvGmi gvSvgvwS chƯ¦ ˆWãyi msò×gY ZzGã ˆcuŒGQ ‰es cÉwZw`b MGo 70-80 Rb ˆivMx nvmcvZvGj AvGm| Õ¼vÕ©Å Awa`µ¦Gii Z^Å Abyhvqx 31 AvMÕ¡ (2000 mvj) chƯ¦ evsjvG`Gk Avò×v¯¦ 2,451 Rb ˆivMxi gGaÅ 247 Rb wQj iî×Þiv ˆWãyi ˆivMx ‰es g†GZi msLÅv 50|

Rvcvwb ‰bGmdvjvBwUm  ‰K cÉKvi gkvevwnZ fvBivmNwUZ ˆivM| ‰i cÉavb jÞY gv^veÅ^v, ˆckxi RoZv, Õ¼ifã I Ea»Æk¼vmZG¯¨i ˆMvjgvj| ‰wU evsjvG`Gki Õ©vbxq ˆivM bq, ZGe gvGS gvGS ˆ`Lv w`Gq gnvgvix NUvGZ cvGi| 1977 mvGji cƒeÆ chƯ¦ evsjvG`Gk Rvcvwb ‰bGmdvjvBwUm ˆivGMi ˆKvb Z^Å cvIqv hvq bv| 1977 mvGji gvSvgvwS UvãvBj ˆRjvi gaycyi RãGj AewÕ©Z MvGiv mÁcÉ`vGqi wgkbvwi nvmcvZvj ˆ^GK ‰KwU ARvbv ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆvGei msev` cvIqv hvq ‰es cGi ˆivMwU Rvcvwb ‰bGmdvjvBwUm eGj kbvî× Kiv nq| Zvici ˆ^GK Rvcvwb ‰bGmdvjvBwUGmi Avi ˆKvb K^v ˆkvbv hvq wb| ‰bGmdvjvBwUm RjvZGâi gGZv ˆKvb wbw`ÆÓ¡ Õ¼Z¯¨ eÅvwa bq| BbdÑyGqév, nvg, Rjem¯¦, àwUem¯¦ I AbÅvbÅ ˆivGMi KviGY wnGmGeI ‰wU nGZ cvGi| ‰B ˆivGMi evnK gkv mvaviYZ Rjv RvqMv, weGklZ avbGÞGZ cÉPzi cwigvGY ^vGK| ‰RbÅ avbPvGli ˆmP eÅeÕ©vcbv I KxUbvkGKi eÅenvi evnK gkvi wei‚G«¬ KvhÆKi nGZ cvGi|  [‰m‰g ügvqyb Kwei]

wk÷GivM  wk÷iv mvaviYZ `yB aiGbi m†Ó¡ ev AwRÆZ ˆivGMi gvivñK SuzwKi gyGLvgywL nq| ‰KwU nGjv msò×vgK ˆivGMi eÅvcK SuzwK ‰es AbÅwU AchÆvµ¦ cywÓ¡i KviGY m†Ó¡ ˆivM| wk÷G`i QqwU ˆivGMi KvhÆKix wUKv eZÆgvGb ˆ`Gk cvIqv hvq| ‰àwj nGjv wWcG^wiqv, cviUzwmm ev üwcsKvwk, abyÓ¡sKvi, ˆcvwjI, nvg ‰es hßv| wek¼ Õ¼vÕ©Å msÕ©vi ˆmŒRGbÅ cwiPvwjZ mÁcÉmvwiZ wUKv`vb KgÆmƒwPi gvaÅGg D®²qbkxj weGk¼i ˆ`kàwjGZ wUKv cÉ`vGbi dGj ‰B ˆivMmgƒGni msNUGbi gvòv AZů¦ `Ë‚Z nËvm cvq| ŠkkeKvjxb cÉavb ˆivMmgƒGni gGaÅ ˆhàwji wUKv ‰LbI AvweÓ•‡Z nq wb ˆmàwj nGjv fvBivm I eÅvKGUwiqvi KviGY m†Ó¡ Wvqwiqv, Avw¯¨K R¾i ˆhgb UvBdGqW, k¼mbhG¯¨i msò×gY A^Ævr fvBivmRwbZ BbdÑyGqév I eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ wbDGgvwbqv, ciRxex «¼viv m†Ó¡ ˆivM ˆhgb Avw¯¨K K‡wgRwbZ eÅvwa ‰es gÅvGjwiqv|

msò×vgK ˆivMmgƒGni gGaÅ mÁ¿eZ WvqwiqvRwbZ ˆivM evsjvG`Gki wk÷G`i gGaÅ meGPGq ˆewk cÉPwjZ| `ywlZ cvwb ‰es Aby®²Z Õ¼vÕ©Å I Õ¼vÕ©Åweavb eÅeÕ©v ‰B ˆivGMi weÕ¦vGii AbÅZg KviY| Wvqwiqvi cGi w«¼Zxq cÉavb AmyÕ©Zv nGjv k¼mbmsò×v¯¦ eÅvwa| hvi gGaÅ meGPGq gvivñK wbDGgvwbqv|

`vwiG`ËÅi KviGY AchÆvµ¦ Lv`Å MÉnGYi dGj evsjvG`Gki AGbK wk÷ cywÓ¡i NvUwZRwbZ ˆivMvò×v¯¦ nq| ‰Qvov cÉGqvRbxq wfUvwgb ‰es LwbGRi NvUwZ cÉwZGivGa mÞg mvaviY mnRjfÅ ‰es AGcÞvK‡Z ռ͸gƒGjÅi Lv`ÅmvgMÉx (kvKmewR ‰es djgƒj) mÁ·GKÆ AæZv ‰B cwiwÕ©wZi RbÅ AskZ `vqx| wfUvwgb ‘‰’-i AfvGei KviGY m†Ó¡ ivZKvbv ˆivM evsjvG`Gki wk÷G`i ˆÞGò ‰KwU mvaviY NUbv| wfUvwgb ‘‰’-‰i Afve mnGRB Lv`ÅvfÅvGmi gvaÅGg cÉwZGiva Kiv hvq| D`vniYÕ¼i…c chÆvµ¦ cwigvGY UvUKv kvKmewR ‰es djgƒj MÉnY ‰B cÉwZGivGai KvRGK mnvqZv KGi| kixGi Avqib ev ˆjŒGni AfvGei KviGY iGî× wnGgvG™ÏvweGbi gvòv KGg hvq| ‰B NUbv wk÷G`i ˆÞGò AwaK cÉPwjZ| AchÆvµ¦ Lv`Å MÉnY ‰es Avw¯¨K K‡wg ˆ`Gn AvqiGbi NvUwZ m†wÓ¡ nIqvi RbÅ AvswkK `vqx| evsjvG`Gki Av¯¦RÆvwZK D`ivgq MGelYv ˆKG±`Ê wk÷G`i ˆ`Gn Wvqwiqvmn `Õ¦v ev wRsGKi NvUwZi jÞY wPwn×Z nGqGQ| gÅvGjwiqvi wPwKrmvi RbÅ ˆKvb wUKv A`Åvewa AvweÓ•‡Z nq wb| wK¯§ hßvi ˆÞGò D®²qbkxj ˆ`kàwjGZ mÁcÉmvwiZ wUKv`vb KgÆmƒwPi AvIZvq wUKv eÅenvi Kiv nq| RxGbi KviGY m†Ó¡ mvaviY ˆivM A^ev R¯ÃMZ AÕ¼vfvweKZv ‰B DcgnvG`Gki AbÅvbÅ AçGji wk÷G`i gGZv evsjvG`kx wk÷G`i gGaÅI wewf®² cÉKvGi Anin NUGZ ˆ`Lv hvq| evwnÅKfvGe gvGS gvGS ˆh mgÕ¦ RwUjZv ˆ`Lv hvq ˆmàwj nGjv AÅvjwewbRg, ivZKvbv, WvDbm wmbGWÈvg BZÅvw`| 

[wRqv Dwób  AvnGg`]

AviI ˆ`Lyb  AcywÓ¡; BbdÑzGqév; UvBdGqW; ˆcvwjI; hßv; ivZKvbv; nvg|

ˆckv I cwiGekmswkÏÓ¡ ˆivM