ˆmP (Irrigation)  euva, bvjv, Lvj BZÅvw`i gvaÅGg A^ev AbÅ ˆKvb hvw¯¨K DcvGq ÷KGbv ˆÞZ-LvgvGi cvwb mieivn| ˆmP KvhÆò×g ‰wkqv, AvwdÌKv I AvGgwiKvq eü nvRvi eQi cƒeÆ ˆ^GKB Pvjy nGqGQ eGj Abygvb Kiv nq, weGkl KGi ˆhme ‰jvKvq evwlÆK e†wÓ¡cvZ 500 wgwg-‰i Kg| gvwUi Av`ËÆZv hG^Ó¡ ˆewk ^vKGjI ˆKvb ˆKvb dmGji RbÅ, ˆhgb ˆivcv Avgb, AwZwiî× cvwbi cÉGqvRb nq| ‰K wnmvGe Rvbv hvq ˆh, mviv c†w^exGZ ˆmPK‡Z ˆgvU Rwgi cwigvY 21 ˆKvwU 97 jÞ 49 nvRvi ˆnÙi ˆ^GK 25 ˆKvwU ˆnÙi; ‰i cÉvq AGaÆK Rwg fviZ, cvwKÕ¦vb, Pxb ‰es evsjvG`Gk| mÁ¿eZ cvwbi weZiY, wbq¯¨Y ‰es gRyGZi RbÅ Lvj, bvjv, euva, msiwÞZ Rjvavi BZÅvw`i cÉ^g cÉPjb nGqwQj cÉvPxb wgkGi| AvaywbKKvGj f„MfÆÕ© ‰es gvwUi DcwifvGMi cvwbi Drm ˆ^GK ˆmP KvGRi RbÅ ˆmPcvÁ· Pvjy nGqGQ|

evsjvG`Gk dmGji RwgGZ ˆmGPi RbÅ Mfxi I AMfxi Dfq aiGbi bjK„c ‰Lb eÅvcKfvGe eÅen…Z nGœQ, weGkl KGi ÷KGbv ˆgŒmyGg (bGfÁ¼i-gvPÆ)| avGbi D®²Z RvZàwj Livi cÉwZ AwZ msGe`bkxj nIqvi KviGY ‰ kGmÅ gvGS gGaÅB ˆmGPi cÉGqvRb nq|

mviwY  1994-95 ˆ^GK 1997-98 chƯ¦ evsjvG`Gki KGqKwU dmGji ˆgvU ˆmP ‰jvKv (ˆnÙi)

eQi	AvDk	Avgb	ˆivGiv	Avjy	kvKmewR
1994-95	307496	793998	5910398	237000	220120
1995-96	283770	730334	6251916	248543	218299
1996-97	276358	752166	6430021	268271	230227
1997-98	250853	827788	6803463	280093	24708

ˆmP miévg  Pvl I M†nKvGRi RbÅ f„c†GÓ¤i ev f„MGfÆi Drm ˆ^GK cvwb DGîvjGb eÅen…Z weGklfvGe wbwgÆZ miévg| evsjvG`Gk cÉvq 75.6 jÞ ˆnÙi Rwg ˆmPGhvMÅ, wK¯§ ˆ`Lv hvq cÉvµ¦ cvwbmÁ·G`i wnmvGe 68 jÞ ˆnÙGi ˆmP ˆ`Iqv mÁ¿e| eZÆgvGb 31.2 jÞ ˆnÙi Rwg ˆmGPi AvIZvq AvGQ| ZGe AviI AwZwiî× 36.8 jÞ ˆnÙi e†wÓ¡wbfÆi RwgGZI ˆmP ˆ`Iqv hvGe| f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi mwVK eÅenvi I eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg 45-50 jÞ ˆnÙi Rwg ˆmGPi AvIZvq Avbv hvq|

evsjvG`Gk ˆmPK‡Z Rwgi 94 kZvskB Þz`Ë I ˆMŒY ˆmPcÉKG͸i Aaxb| mvÁ·ÉwZK ‰K RwiGc Rvbv ˆMGQ, ˆ`Gk 26,704wU Mfxi bjK„c, 4,49,226wU AMfxi bjK„c, 56,829wU mvaviY bjK„c, 1,42,132wU nÕ¦PvwjZ bjK„c I 5,65,000wU ˆ`kxq ˆmPh¯¨ w`Gq ˆmPKvhÆ PjGQ| wK¯§ ‰me ˆmPGKŒkGji AchÆvµ¦ eÅenvi ‰es AcwiKw͸Z kmÅ ˆivcGYi dGj Lye Kg RwgB ˆmGPi AvIZvq AvmGQ| eZÆgvGb 30% RwgGZ ˆmP ˆ`Iqv nGœQ| eZÆgvGb eÅen…Z ˆmP miévg w`Gq h^vh^ cvwb eÅenvi I D®²Z eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg 40-50 jÞ ˆnÙi chƯ¦ RwgGZ ˆmP ˆ`Iqv ˆhGZ cvGi|

cvwb DGîvjGbi RbÅ AvgvG`i AvGQ mycÉvPxb ˆ`kxq c«¬wZ ˆ^GK my`Þ AZÅvaywbK cvÁ·| eo aiGbi meàwj ˆmPcÉKG͸B Še`yÅwZK ˆgvUi ev Bwéb w`Gq cvÁ· PvjvGbv nq, ˆKbbv hvw¯¨KfvGe kwî×PvwjZ cvÁ· eÅenvGi AwaK Drcv`b I DœPZi `ÞZvi Õ¦i mnGRB ARÆb I wbq¯¨Y Kiv hvq|

cvÁ· wbeÆvPb  cvwbi Drm I ˆmPhG¯¨i ŠewkÓ¡Å, cvwb ˆZvjvi cwigvY, cvwbi Õ¦Gii MfxiZv, Kx aiGbi I Kx cwigvY we`yÅr kwî× jfÅ, K‡lGKi A^Æ‹bwZK AeÕ©v ˆKgb BZÅvw` welqmgƒn weGePbv KGi DGîvjK h¯¨ wbeÆvPb KiGZ nGe| evsjvG`Gk eÅvcKfvGe eÅen…Z ˆmPh¯¨àwj ˆgvUvgywU `yB iKg: ˆgvUiPvwjZ cvÁ· ‰es nÕ¦PvwjZ cvÁ·|

ˆgvUiPvwjZ cvÁ· Mfxi bjK„c ˆmP I M†nKvGRi RbÅ f„MfÆÕ© cvwb ˆZvjvq eÅen…Z meÆe†nr ˆmPh¯¨| mvaviYZ K„Gci MfxiZv 60-90 wgUvi (200-300 dzU), BwéGbi Ak¼kwî× 20-30 ‰es cvwb ˆZvjvi cwigvY cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ 56-84 wjUvi (2-3 wKDGmK)| bGji eÅvm 15-25 ˆmw´ŸwgUvi (6-10 Bwç)| ‰GZ cvwb ˆZvjvi RbÅ UveÆvBb cvÁ· eÅen…Z nq| f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi Õ¦i ˆPvlY-mxgv (suction head) AwZò×g KiGjI PvjvGbv hvq|

AMfxi bjK„c  AGcÞvK‡Z ˆQvU Rwgi ˆmP KvGhÆ eÅen…Z nq| mvaviYZ K„Gci MfxiZv 30 wgUvGii (100 dzU) Kg, BwéGbi Ak¼kwî× 4-8 ‰es cvwb ˆZvjvi cwigvY cÉwZ ˆmGKG´£ 28 wjUvGii (1 wKDGmK) Kg| bGji eÅvm 10-12 ˆmw´ŸwgUvi (4-5 Bwç)| evsjvG`Gk eZÆgvGb AMfxi bjK„c wecyj msLÅvq eÅen…Z nG|

mvaviY bjK„c f„c†GÓ¤i cvwb cvÁ· KGi ˆmPcÉ`vGb eÅen…Z nq| AMfxi bjK„Gci Zzjbvq ‰wU AwaK kwî×kvjx| ‰B c«¬wZ ˆK±`ÊvwZM cvÁ·I eÅenvi KGi, ZGe DrGmi cvwbi Õ¦i ˆPvlY-mxgv AwZò×g KiGj Zv PvjvGbv hvq bv|

nÕ¦PvwjZ cvÁ·ˆ`vb  ‰KgyL e®¬ I AbÅgyL ˆLvjv wKwÕ¦ AvK‡wZi KvGVi h¯¨| e®¬gyL KvGVi jÁ¼v `Gíi mGã KGl iwk w`Gq euvav, hv LuywUGZ wjfvi wnGmGe ˆNvGi| wjfvGii LvGUv cÉvG¯¦ ‰KwU eo cv^iLí ev ÷KGbv gvwUi wcí ˆeuGa ivLv nq| cvwb wbÓ•vkGbi ˆLvjvgyL ˆ`LGZ ˆbŒKvi MjyBGqi gGZv| kixGii IRb w`Gq ˆ`vb cvwbGZ WzevGbvi ci ˆQGo w`Gj wjfvi ‰UvGK ˆUGb ˆZvGj, dGj ˆ`vGbi gGaÅ DGV Avmv cvwb mivmwi RwgGZ PGj hvq|
	evwi WvqvdÌvg cvÁ·                 [Qwe: ˆgvnvÁÃ` ‰. evKx]

‰B ˆKŒkGj ˆmGPi LiP Kg| ˆ`vb cÉvq 2.4-3.6 wgUvi (8-12 dzU) jÁ¼v ‰es 0.9-1.2 wgUvi (3-4 dzU) chƯ¦ MfxiZv ˆ^GK cvwb ZzjGZ cvGi| ‰wU ‰KRb ˆjvK w`Gq PvjvGbv hvq| PvjGKi kwî×i Ici cvwb ˆZvjvi cwigvY wbfÆi KGi| ˆQvU I cÉvw¯¦K PvwlG`i ˆQvU RwgGZ f„c†GÓ¤i cvwbi Drm ˆ^GK ˆmGPi RbÅ ˆ`vb DcGhvMx|
	AMfxi bjK„c                [Qwe: ˆgvnvÁÃ` ‰. evKx]

ˆ`vjbv ˆmPwb  cvwb DGîvjGbi ‰KwU cÉvPxb ˆKŒkj| ‰GZ nvZvIqvjv ‰KwU Szwo ev ˆejPvi gGZv ˆmPwbGZ 4wU iwk euvav ^vGK| `yRb ˆjvK gyGLvgywL `uvovq ‰es cÉGZÅGK `yB nvGZ Szwoi ‰K cvGki `ywU iwk aGi| DfGq ‰KB mgGq ˆmPwb `ywjGq cvwb fGi ‰es Zv ˆUGb ZzGj RwgGZ cvwb ˆmGP ˆ`q| h¯¨wU euvk ev cvZjv wUGbi ŠZwi, evbvGbv mnR ‰es PvjvGZ ˆZgb ˆKvb cÉwkÞY cÉGqvRb nq bv| ‰wU w`Gq RjvkGqi I kmÅGÞGZi 0.9-1.2 wgUvi (3-4 dzU) wbP ˆ^GK ˆmP ˆ`Iqv hvq| cwievGii gwnjv ‰es A͸eqmxivI h¯¨wU PvjvGZ cvGi|

mbvZb ˆmPh¯¨: ˆ`vb                 [Qwe: ˆgvnvÁÃ` ‰. evKx]

evsjvG`k avb MGelYv BbwÕ¡wUDGUi WvqvdÌvg cvÁ·  wKQy ivevGii dvwj w`Gq wmj Kiv avZz wbwgÆZ evqyGivax `ywU evÝ, hv evqykƒbÅZv m†wÓ¡i gvaÅGg cvwb DGîvjb KGi| ‰wU PvjvGZ `yRb ˆjvK jvGM| f„c†GÓ¤i I wKQyUv wbGPi cvwb cÉwZ wgwbGU 80 MÅvjb chƯ¦ ˆZvjv hvq|
	mbvZb GmPhÕ¨: ˆ`vjbv ˆmPwb  [Qwe: ˆgvnvÁÃ` ‰. evKx]

`uvo-cvÁ·  wfZGi wcÕ¡bmn ‰KwU avZz wbwgÆZ bGj ŠZwi| h¯¨wU nÕ¦PvwjZ bjK„Gci gGZv| ‰wU gvwUi Dci ˆnwjGq emvGbv nq ‰es cvwb ZzjGZ PvjK `ywU nvZB eÅenvi KGi| ˆPvlY-mxgv AwZò×v¯¦ bv nGj ‰wU w`Gq f„c†GÓ¤i I wKQyUv wbGPi cvwb DVvGbv hvq| cvwb cvÁ· Kivi RbÅ ‰KRb ˆjvKB hG^Ó¡| nÕ¦PvwjZ bjK„c ˆ^GK ‰wU wKQyUv mÕ¦v|

cv-PvwjZ cvÁ·  cvwbi Õ¦i ˆPvlY-mxgvi gGaÅ ^vKGj ‰wU w`Gq f„MfÆÕ© cvwb ˆZvjv hvq| cvwb ˆZvjvi ÞgZv nÕ¦PvwjZ bjK„Gci Abyi…c| PvjK cv w`Gq cvÁ· Pvjvq| nÕ¦PvwjZ cvÁ· ˆ^GK ‰i LiP Kg|

nÕ¦PvwjZ cvÁ·  mvaviYZ M†nKvGR eÅen…Z nq, ZGe ‰ cvÁ· w`Gq RwgGZI ˆmP ˆ`Iqv hvq| PvjGKi kwî×i Ici cvwb ˆZvjvi cwigvY wbfÆi KGi| ˆPvlY-mxgvi gGaÅ ^vKGj f„MfÆÕ© cvwbI ˆZvjv hvq|

nÕ¦PvwjZ Svwi  mwœQ`Ë ˆbvRjmn nvjKv avZzi ‰KwU cvò| cvGò cvwb fGi kGmÅi DcGi ˆbvRj w`Gq cvwb wQUvGbv nq| ‰wU mvaviYZ AvwObvi ˆQvU evMvGb eÅen…Z nq|

Mvgjv  30 ˆ^GK 60 ˆmwg (1-2 dzU) MfxiZv ˆ^GK cvwb ˆZvjvi RbÅ eÅen…Z avZz wbwgÆZ nvjKv ^vjvi gGZv ‰KwU h¯¨| ‰wU nvjKv ˆmGP eÅen…Z nq, ZGe LyeB kÉgmvaÅ| ‰wU w`Gq ˆKej f„c†GÓ¤i cvwbB ˆZvjv hvq ‰es AGcÞvK‡Z Þz`Ë ‰jvKvq ˆmPKvGhÆ eÅen…Z nq|  [ˆgv. Ave`yi iwk`]

ˆmPc«¬wZ  evsjvG`Gk eÅen…Z ˆmPc«¬wZàwj mvaviY wbÁ²i…c:

Rjvavi c«¬wZ  avbPvGli RbÅ ‰B c«¬wZ eÅvcKfvGe eÅen…Z nq| ‰B c«¬wZGZ Rwgi ‰K cvk ˆ^GK cvwb mieivn KGi mgÕ¦ Rwg 5-7 ˆmwg wÕ©i cvwbGZ WzweGq ivLv nq| ‰GZ mdj ˆmGPi RbÅ mgZj f„wgi cÉGqvRb|

mxgvbv c«¬wZ  wKQyUv Xvjy Rwgi ˆÞGò ‰B c«¬wZ cÉGhvRÅ| ‰GZ cvwb aGi ivLvi RbÅ ‰es wbÁ²vçGj Rjve«¬Zv ˆivGai RbÅ ˆMvUv gvGV wKQy`ƒi cici gReyZ euva wbgÆvY Kiv nq|

LuvR c«¬wZ  mvwie«¬ ˆivcv dmj ˆhgb BÞz, Avjy BZÅvw`i RbÅ ‰B c«¬wZ Dchyî×| jvBGbi gGaÅ LuvR eivei cvwb mieivn KiGZ ‰ c«¬wZ eÅenvi Kiv nq|

wQUvGbv c«¬wZ  DuPz-wbPz I cvnvwo AçGji RbÅ DcGhvMx| cvwbLiP Kg weavq big gvwUi ˆÞGò c«¬wZwU Dîg| ‰B c«¬wZGZ bGji gyGL AvUKvGbv bRGji mvnvGhÅ e†wÓ¡i gGZv wSiwSGi avivq cvwb wQUvGbv nq|  [ˆgv. Ave`yi iwk`]

ˆmGPi ˆcŒbtcywbKZv  kmÅ Drcv`Gb mnvqZvi RbÅ RwgGZ K‡wògfvGe cÉ`î ˆmGPi cybive†wî| `vbvkGmÅi MvQ AÕ©vwqfvGe ˆbwZGq coGj dmGji cvwbi cÉGqvRbxqZv iGqGQ ˆevSvq| kGmÅi cvZv ˆ`GLI cvwbi Pvwn`v ˆevSv hvq| wK¯§ gvwUi Av`ËÆZvi gvòv chÆGeÞGYi wfwîGZ ˆmGPi mgq wbaÆviY evèbxq| gvGV Drc®² KZKàwj ài‚Z½cƒYÆ kGmÅi RbÅ evsjvG`k avb MGelYv BbwÕ¡wUDU I evsjvG`k K‡wl MGelYv BbwÕ¡wUDU ˆmGPi mgq I ˆcŒbtcywbKZv (frequency) welGq wKQy mycvwik cÉ`vb KGiGQ|

avb ˆÞGZ meÆÞY cvwb ^vKv avGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq bq| Pviv ˆivcGYi ci ˆ^GK gvwU cvwbmÁ·†î× ^vKGj fvj dmj dGj| Pviv ˆivcGYi 30-45 w`b chƯ¦ gvV cvwbmÁ·†î× ^vKGj chÆvµ¦ msLÅvq Kzwk (tiller) R¯Ãvq| `uvovGbv cvwb mGi hvIqvi ci cÉwZevi ˆmGPi weiwZGZ gvV wZb w`b ÷KGbv ^vKGj avb Drcv`Gb weN³ NGU bv| Pviv ˆivcGYi cici ‰es dzj Avmvi mgq avGb meÆvwaK cwigvY cvwbi cÉGqvRb nq| fvj djb ˆcGZ ‰mgGq gvGV hG^Ó¡ cvwbi eÅeÕ©v ivLv DwPZ| avGbi RbÅ ‰KK AwZwiî× ˆmP AZÅvekÅK bq| Nb Nb ռ͸ cwigvY ˆmPB Dîg| cÉwZevi ˆmP ˆ`Iqvi ci gvGV cvwbi MfxiZv 5-7 ˆmwg ^vKv evèbxq| gvwU ˆ^GK Š`wbK DGe-hvIqv cvwbi cwigvY w`Gq ˆmGPi MfxiZvGK fvM KGi ˆmGPi ˆcŒbtcywbKZv wbaÆviY Kiv hvq|

AvDk I ˆivcv Avgb e†w«¬i Pig (critical) chÆvGq, weGklZ Liv nGj, AGcÞvK‡Z AwaK djGbi RbÅ mÁ·ƒiK ˆmP ˆ`Iqv fvj| mvaviYZ ‰KevGi 60 wgwg-‰i KvQvKvwQ Mfxi ˆmP w`Gj AvgGbi djb evGo| ˆmP myweav bv ^vKGj e†wÓ¡i cvwb msMÉGn ˆiGL mÁ·ƒiK ˆmP ˆ`Iqv hvq| gvGVi ‰K ˆKvGY Pvl Rwgi 5 kZvsGk 2 wgUvi Mfxi MZÆ LuyGo hG^Ó¡ cwigvY (60 wgwg chƯ¦) e†wÓ¡i cvwb aGi ivLv hvq| mÁ·ƒiK ˆmP`vb mÁ¿e nGj h^vmgGq AvDk avbI Pvl Kiv PGj| wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq Avgb ˆivcGYI ‰B K„c KvGR jvMGZ cvGi|

Mg AGcÞvK‡Z DœPdjGbi RbÅ Mg-ˆÞGZ mvaviYZ 2-3 evi ˆmGPi cÉGqvRb nGZ cvGi| Rjevqy I gvwUi aiGbi wfwîGZ Õ©vbGfG` ˆmGPi cÉGqvRb wf®² nGq ^vGK| exR ecGbi (àœQgƒj DªMGgi cÉvØvGj) 17-21 w`b ci MGg cÉ^g ˆmP ˆ`Iqv cÉGqvRb| gvwUGZ chÆvµ¦ Av`ËÆZv ^vKGj wejGÁ¼I ˆmP ˆ`Iqv PGj| MGgi wkl ˆeiGbv I `vbv MVGbi mgq ˆmP ˆ`Iqv cÉGqvRb| exR ecGbi 40-45 I 70-75 w`b ci h^vò×Gg w«¼Zxq I Z‡Zxq evi ˆmP`vb AvekÅK| cÉwZevi cÉ`î ˆmGP cvwbi MfxiZv 6-8 ˆmwg nIqv fvj|

Avjy  Avjyi DœPdjGbi RbÅ ˆmPcÉ`vb LyeB ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| cÉv^wgK AeÕ©vq gvwUi Av`ËÆZv Kg ^vKGj MvQ cÉwZ Avjyi djb  nËvm cvq| Av`ËÆZv ˆkl chÆvq chƯ¦ Õ©vqx nGj `vbvi AvKvi ˆQvU I Amgvb nq| exR ˆivcGYi 20-25, 40-45 I 60-65 w`b ci h^vò×Gg cÉ^g, w«¼Zxq I Z‡Zxq wKwÕ¦GZ ˆmPcÉ`vb DwPZ|

fzëv  fvj Drcv`Gbi RbÅ mvaviYZ 4-5 evi ˆmP ˆ`Iqvi cÉGqvRb nq| exR ecGbi 15-20, 30-35, 60-70 I 85-95 w`b ci h^vò×Gg cÉ^g, w«¼Zxq, Z‡Zxq I PZz^Æ wKwÕ¦GZ ˆmPcÉ`vb DwPZ| cÉv^wgK I ˆkl chÆvGq ˆmGP cvwbi MfxiZv h^vò×Gg 6-8 I 8-10 ˆmwg nIqv evèbxq| dzj Avmv I `vbv MVb chÆvGq RwgGZ `uvovGbv cvwb AekÅB mwiGq  ˆdjGZ nGe|

AvL  dmj e†w«¬i 5-7 gvGmi mgq ˆmPcÉ`vb AvekÅK, ˆKbbv ZLb cvwbi cÉGqvRb meÆvwaK| mPivPi 5-6 evi ˆmP w`GZ nq| dzj Avmvi ci ˆmPcÉ`vb wbÓcÉGqvRb| ‰B chÆvGqi ci Rwg ÷KGbv ^vKGj dmGj kKÆivi cwigvY evGo|

mwilv mwVK mgGq ˆmP w`Gj mwilvi djb evGo| AwaKvsk ˆÞGò `yevi ˆmGP Avkvbyi…c djb dGj, wK¯§ Õ©vb I mwilvi RvZGfG` 1-3 evi ˆmP w`GZ nGZ cvGi| exR ecGbi 25-30 I 50-55 w`b ci h^vò×Gg cÉ^g I w«¼Zxq wKwÕ¦GZ ˆmPcÉ`vb DwPZ| AâzGivªMGgi mgq gvwUi Av`ËÆZv Kg ^vKGj exR ecGbi 10-15 w`b ci nvjKv ˆmP DcKvix|

wcuqvR Dîg djGbi RbÅ wcuqvGR Nb Nb ռ͸ cwigvY ˆmP cÉ`vb fvj| Pviv ˆivcGYi ci 1-2 evi ˆmP w`GZ nq| Zvici 10-15 w`b cici ˆMvUv e†w«¬KvGj 4-5 evi nvjKv ˆmPcÉ`vb AvekÅK| ˆmGP cÉv^wgK I ˆkl chÆvGq cvwbi MfxiZv h^vò×Gg 2-3 I 3-4 ˆmwg nIqv fvj| RwgGZ `uvovGbv cvwb wcuqvGRi RbÅ AZů¦ ÞwZKi|

UGgGUv UGgGUvi RbÅ ˆmP cÉ`vb AcwinvhÆ| mwVK ˆmP w`Gj iwe gimyGg djb 2-3 àY evGo| Pviv ˆivcGYi ÷i‚GZ cÉwZw`b ˆmP cÉ`vb AvekÅK| cGi ò×Gg 3-4 w`b ˆ^GK 10-12 w`Gbi weiwZGZ ˆmP cÉ`vb PGj| cÉv^wgK I ˆkl chÆvGq ˆmGP cvwbi MfxiZv h^vò×Gg 3-4 I 4-6 ˆmwg nIqv DwPZ|

[ˆgv. Ave`yi iwk`]

ˆmGPi cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbv  dmGji ˆÞGZ mwVK wbq¯¨Ymn mgqgGZv cÉGqvRbxq cwigvY cvwb mieivnKiY| evsjvG`Gk lvGUi `kGKi ÷i‚ ˆ^GK Mfxi bjK„c ‰es ˆjv-wjdU cvÁ· (low-lift pump)-‰i mvnvGhÅ ˆmPKvhÆ ÷i‚ nGqwQj| ‰i cƒGeÆ K‡lKiv e†wÓ¡i cvwb eÅenvGii gvaÅGg dmj Drcv`b KiZ| 1980 mvGji ci ˆmP KvhÆò×Gg AMfxi bjK„Gci eÅenvi ÷i‚ nq| evsjvG`Gki iGqGQ cÉvq 144 jÞ ˆnÙi Rwg, hvi gGaÅ 90.3 jÞ ˆnÙi (64%) PvGli AvIZvq Avbv nGqGQ| eZÆgvGb 50%-‰i Kg Rwgi RbÅ ˆmP myweav cvIqv hvq hvGZ iwe ˆgŒmyGg ˆmP myweav cÉ`vb Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| eZÆgvb mgGq cÉvq 33% Avev`GhvMÅ RwgGZ (31.2 jÞ ˆnÙi) ˆmP myweav iGqGQ, hv ˆgvU dmwj Rwgi cÉvq 21.6%|

evsjvG`Gk ˆmPeÅeÕ©v avb Drcv`Gbi ˆÞGò ŠeµÏweK cwieZÆb ‰GbGQ| avb eÅwZGiGK AbÅvbÅ dmj Drcv`GbI mxwgZ AvKvGi ˆmP eÅen…Z nGœQ| ˆmP myweavcÉvµ¦ Rwgi 90-95% ‰KKfvGe `Lj KGi AvGQ avb ‰es AewkÓ¡ gvò 5-10% Rwg iGqGQ ev`evwK kGmÅi RbÅ| ˆevGiv ˆgŒmyGg (MGgi weK͸ dmj) AvaywbK RvGZi (Modern Variety-MV) avb Pvl cÉvq mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc ˆmGPi cvwbi Ici wbfÆikxj| AvaywbK RvGZi ˆevGiv avb PvGli ˆÞGò Þz`Ë I A͸gvòvi ˆmPeÅeÕ©v cÉavb f„wgKv cvjb KGi| AbÅw`GK AvDk ‰es ˆivcv AvgGbi ˆÞGòI ˆmP eÅeÕ©vi iGqGQ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cÉfve| AvDk avGbi cÉ^g w`GK ‰es ˆivcv Avgb avGbi ˆkl w`GK ˆKvb ˆKvb ˆgŒmyGg ‰B dmjàwj cvwbi AfveRwbZ mgmÅvq cGo| ZvB ‰B `ywU chÆvGq mÁ·ƒiK ˆmP AvaywbK RvGZi avb PvlGK DrmvwnZ KiGe ‰es dmGji Õ©vqx I D®²ZZi djb wbwøZ KiGe| Mg, ˆRvqvi ‰es Avjyi gGZv wKQy wKQy wbeÆvwPZ dmj g†wîKvq AewkÓ¡ Av`ÆËZvq Drc®² Kiv hvq, ZGe ‰K A^ev `yBevi ˆmP cÉGqvM Kiv nGj ‰me dmGji djb cÉPzi cwigvGY evoGZ cvGi|

K‡wli Drcv`b e†w«¬ Kivi RbÅ evsjvG`Gk ˆmGPi cvwb cwiwgZfvGe eÅenvi Kivi KvRwU ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆKŒkj nIqv evèbxq| ˆ`Gki K‡wl LvGZi mvweÆK D®²qGbi RbÅB cvwbi djcÉmƒ eÅenvGii jGÞÅ cÉGqvRb mviv eQieÅvcx jfÅ ˆmP myweavi m«¼Åenvi Kiv|

‰wcÉj ˆ^GK AGÙvei gvm chƯ¦ ‰G`Gk cÉvq 95% e†wÓ¡cvZ nGq ^vGK ‰es kxZKvjxb gvmàwj, ˆhgb bGfÁ¼i ˆ^GK gvPÆ gvm chƯ¦ ^vGK ˆek ÷Ó•| ‰ KviGY wbiewœQ®²fvGe DœPdjb jvf Kivi RbÅ ÷Ó• ˆgŒmyGg ˆmP cÉGqvM Kiv nGjv ‰KwU cƒeÆkZÆ| Rwgi mGeÆvîg eÅenvi wbwøZ Kivi jGÞÅ AvDk I Avgb avGbi RbÅ Abve†wÓ¡i mgGqI mÁ·ƒiK ˆmGPi cÉGqvRb ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi|

ˆmGPi cvwbi Pvwn`v ò×gv¯¼Gq evoGQ ‰es ˆmB mGã ˆeGo hvGœQ ‰i LiP| AZ‰e eüeÅqmvGcÞ ‰B DcKiY eÅenvGii ˆÞGò LyeB hðevb nGZ nGe, hvGZ ‰i AcPq meÆwbÁ² chÆvGq ^vGK| ˆmGPi cvwbi cwigvY meÆwbÁ² chÆvGq ˆiGL ‰KB cwigvY cvwbi mvnvGhÅ AviI AwaK cwigvY RwgGZ ˆmPKvhÆ PvjvGbv ˆhGZ cvGi| hw` ˆmGPi cvwbi mwVK eÅeÕ©vcbv Abykxjb Kiv hvq, ZvnGj DœPdjbkxj RvGZi dmj Avev` wKÁ¼v AGcÞvK‡Z ˆewk cwigvGYi RwgGZ ˆmP cÉ`vGbi gvaÅGg K‡wl Drcv`b e†w«¬ Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰ KviGY ˆmP eÅeÕ©v ‰es dmj Drcv`Gbi mGã mswkÏÓ¡G`i gGaÅ hG^vchyî× cvwb eÅeÕ©vcbvi ài‚Z½ eÅvcKfvGe M†nxZ nGqGQ|

dmj Drcv`b e†w«¬ Kivi RbÅ `iKvi `ÞZvi mGã jfÅ cvwbi m«¼Åenvi Kiv| ˆmP myweavàwjGK A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe jvfRbK Kivi RbÅ R¾vjvwb, ˆZj ‰es ˆmP DcKiGYi ò×geaÆgvb gƒjÅ ˆmGPi cvwbi mGeÆvœP m«¼ÅenvGii `vwe ivGL| mGeÆvœP djb wbwøZ Kivi RbÅ cvwbi mwVK eÅeÕ©vcbvi gvaÅGg g†wîKv, Dw«¿` ‰es cvwbi mÁ·KÆGK hG^vchyî× ài‚Z½ cÉ`vb KiGZ nGe|  [ˆgv. Ave`yi iwk`]

Kggvòvi ˆmP (Minor irrigation)  Drcv`b e†w«¬i jGÞÅ dmwj RwgGZ ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe Kg cwigvY cvwb mieivn c«¬wZ| evsjvG`k cvwb mÁ·G` hG^Ó¡ mg†«¬ nGjI evrmwiK PGò× ÷KGbv ˆgŒmyGg AGbK mgGqB cvwbi NvUwZ ˆ`Lv hvq| Avevi mvgvwRK, A^Æ‹bwZK ‰es cÉhywî×MZ Amyweavi KviGY AGbK ˆÞGò cvwb mÁ·` h^vh^fvGe eÅenvi Kiv mÁ¿e nGq IGV bv| hw`I ˆmP, ebÅvwbq¯¨Y I wbÓ•vkb c«¬wZi D®²qGbi RbÅ miKvi wbijm cÉGPÓ¡v PvjvGœQ, Z^vwc ‰me cÉK͸ ˆ^GK ‰LbI Avkvbyi…c djvdj AwRÆZ nq wb| ‰ KviGY dmGji Drcv`b evovGZ Kggvòvi ˆmP KvhÆò×g eÅvcKfvGe Pvjy KiGZ nGqGQ| ‰ KvhÆò×gGK AGbK mgGq ‘`Ë‚Z dj`vqK cÉhywî×’ wnGmGe weGePbv Kiv nq| ‰me cÉhywî×i gGaÅ A¯¦fzÆî× ˆmGPi RbÅ mvaviY bjK„c, Mfxi bjK„c, AMfxi bjK„c, wUÇWj cvÁ· (Treadle pump), ˆivqvi cvÁ· (Rower pump), ˆdÑvwUs cvÁ· (Floating pump) BZÅvw`| Õ©vbxq AbÅvbÅ miévg ˆhgb ˆ`vjbv ˆmPwb, ˆ`vb BZÅvw` wewf®² aiGbi Rjvkq ˆ^GK Kggvòvi ˆmP KvGR ˆ`Gki cÉvq meÆòB eÅen…Z nq|

ˆQvULvGUv ˆmP myweav kmÅ Drcv`Gb ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi| evsjvG`Gki ˆgvU cÉvq 90 jÞ 30 nvRvi ˆnÙi Avev`GhvMÅ f„wgi cÉvq 75 jÞ 60 nvRvi ˆnÙi ˆmGPi AvIZvq Avbvi DcGhvMx| 1994-95 A^ÆeQGi ˆgvU 31 jÞ 20 nvRvi ˆnÙi ˆmPK‡Z Rwgi gGaÅ kZKiv cÉvq 94 fvM wQj Kggvòvi ˆmGPi AvIZvq|

mviwY  wewf®² cçevwlK cwiK͸bvi mgq ˆmP AeÕ©vi aviv

cwiK͸bv eQi	ˆmGPi Aaxb ‰jvKv (jÞ ˆn)					Kggvòvi ˆmGPi Aaxb  Rwgi cwigvY (%)
	Kggvòvi ˆmP		cÉavb ˆmP	ˆgvU
Abyf„wgK gvb (1972-73)	8.9		0.5	9.4		94.68
cÉ^g 5g evwlÆK (1973-78)	11.0		0.6	11.6		94.82
w«¼Zxq w«¼evwlÆK (1978-80)	13.3		0.8	14.1		94.32
w«¼Zxq 5g evwlÆK (1980-85)	22.8		1.9	24.7		92.30
Z‡Zxq 5g evwlÆK (1985-90)	28.9		2.1	31.0		93.22
PZz^Æ 5g evwlÆK (1990-95)	29.5		1.7	31.2		94.55

Drm  cwiKíbv Kwgkb/NMIDP, 1995

Õ¼vaxbZvi ci ˆ^GKB Kggvòvi ˆmP kGmÅi Drcv`b evovGZ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv ivLGQ| ‰i gvaÅGg K‡lKG`i A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe jvfevb nIqv mÁ¿e nGqGQ| ˆmPKvhÆ dmj Drcv`Gb NvUwZ nevi SuywK Kgvq ‰es D®²ZRvGZi dmj PvGli myGhvM m†wÓ¡ KGi| ‰GZ MÉvgxY ˆjvKG`i KgÆmsÕ©vGbiI myGhvM m†wÓ¡ nq| 

[ˆgv. Rvwn`yj Bmjvg]