myGi±`Êbv^
eÅvbvRÆx
(1848-1925) RvZxqZvev`x
ˆbZv| wZwb 1848 mvGji 10 bGfÁ¼i KjKvZvq ‰K Kzjxb eËvþY cwievGi R¯ÃMÉnY
KGib| myGi±`Êbv^ eÅvbvRÆx Zuvi Wvî×vi wcZv `yMÆvPiY eÅvbvRÆx ‰es Õ•zjRxeGb
cÅvGi´Ÿvj ‰KvGWwgK BbwÕ¡wUDkb I wn±`y KGjR ˆ^GK AvaywbK D`viZvev`x aviYv
AvñÕ© KGib| KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq ˆ^GK Õ²vZK wWwMÉ jvf KGi wZwb
fviZxq wmwfj mvwfÆGm AskMÉnGYi RbÅ BsjÅvG´£ hvb| hw`I wZwb 1869 mvGj
H cixÞv cvm KGib, ZeyI Zuvi mwVK eqm wbGq weZÆK m†wÓ¡ nq| Av`vjGZ welqwUi
wbÓ·wîi ci wZwb 1871 mvGj P„ov¯¦ cixÞvq Ask wbGq mdjKvg nb ‰es wmGjGU
mnKvix gÅvwRGÕ¡ËU wnGmGe wbGqvM cvb| ZGe kxNËB wZwb eYÆ ŠelGgÅi KviGY
PvKwi ˆ^GK eiLvÕ¦ nb ‰es Zuvi eiLvGÕ¦i AvG`kGK PÅvGjé KiGZ BsjÅvG´£
cvwo Rgvb| Zuvi mKj cÉGPÓ¡v eÅ^ÆZvi chÆewmZ nq| 1874-75 mvGj j´£Gb Zuvi
AeÕ©vbKvGj wZwb evKÆ, gvrwmwb I cvøvGZÅi AbÅvbÅ D`viZvev`x wP¯¦vwe`G`i
ˆjLv Mfxi gGbvwbGek mnKvGi AaÅqb KGib|
fviGZ
wdGi ‰Gm myGi±`Êbv^ wkÞKZvGK ˆckv wnGmGe MÉnY KGib| wZwb cÉ^Gg
ˆgGUÇvcwjUb BbwÕ¡wUDkb, cGi wdÌ PvPÆ KGjR ‰es AeGkGl Zuvi cwiKw͸Z
wicb KGjGR BsGiwRi AaÅvcK nb| wkÞK wnGmGe wZwb Zuvi QvòG`i mG`ÅvRvZ
fviZxq RvZxqZvevG`i be ˆPZbvq Dóxµ¦ KGib| ‰ mgq wZwb KjKvZvq I
KjKvZvi evBGi ‘fviZxq HKÅ’, ‘gvrwmwbi Rxeb I wP¯¦vaviv’ ‰es ‘wkevwR
I wkLG`i BwZnvm’ BZÅvw` welGq RbmgGÞ eîׇZv ˆ`Iqv ÷i‚ KGib| Zuvi
evKcUzZv fviZxqG`i gGb weivU cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGi| ‰LvGb DGÍÏLÅ ˆh,
Ewbk kZGKi mvgvwRK I agÆxq msÕ•vi AvG±`vjbmgƒn fviZxq gbGK BGZvgGaÅB
bvov w`GqwQj| wK¯§ ‰Lb myGi±`Êbv^ ZvG`i gbGK mvgvwRK msÕ•vimvab
ˆ^GK ivR‹bwZK beRvMiGYi w`GK PvwjZ KGib| fviGZi RvZxq DGókÅ mvaGb
‰UvB myGi±`ÊbvG^i Aw«¼Zxq Ae`vb| |
|
myGi±`Êbv^
eÅvbvRÆx |
myGi±`Êbv^
RvZxqZvev`x ˆPZbv RvMwiZ KGiwQGjb ‰es 1876 mvGji 26 RyjvB Bw´£qvb AÅvGmvwmGqkb MVGbi gvaÅGg Zv evÕ¦ei…c `vGbi cÉGPÓ¡v Pvjvb| wZwb
fviZxq wmwfj mvwfÆm cixÞv^ÆxG`i eqm-mxgv KgvGbvi weGivwaZv KGib| welqwU
wQj weËwUk ivGRi wei‚G«¬ BsGiwR wkwÞZ fviZxqG`i meÆRbxb AwfGhvM| ‰RbÅ
wZwb mgMÉ fviZeÅvcx eÅvcK cÉPviYv Awfhvb Pvjvb| ‰Uv ZuvGK wekvj RbwcÉqZv
‰Gb ˆ`q| wZwb hLb Zuvi msev`cò Bengali-ˆZ g¯¦eÅ Kivi RbÅ
Av`vjZ Aegvbbvi `vGq Kviv`ívG`k cvb, ZLb mgMÉ evsjveÅvcx ‘niZvj’ cvwjZ
nq; Avg-RbZvi gvGS ivR‹bwZK mGPZbZv cÉR¾wjZ nq, ‰gbwK AvMÉv, dGqRvev`,
Ag†Zmi, jvGnvi, cybv I AviI AGbK Õ©vGb RbMGYi cÉwZev` mfv AbywÓ¤Z nq|
1883
mvj ˆ^GK myGi±`ÊbvG^i ˆbZ‡GZ½ Bw´£qvb AÅvGmvwmGqkb evwlÆK AwaGekb cwiPvjbv
KGi, ˆhLvGb fviGZi wewf®² Õ©vb ˆ^GK kZ kZ cÉwZwbwa AskMÉnY KGib| wK¯§
1886 mvGj fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉm hLb KjKvZvq w«¼Zxq ˆmkGb wgwjZ
nq ZLb myGi±`ÊbvG^i ˆbZ‡GZ½ Bw´£qvb AÅvGmvwmGqkb H meÆfviZxq ivR‹bwZK
`jwUi mGã ‰Kxf„Z nGq hvq| ZLb ˆ^GK wZwb KsGMÉGm ˆbZ‡Õ©vbxq f„wgKv cvjb
KGib ‰es 1895 I 1907 ‰ `yeQi wZwb ‰i ˆcÉwmGW´Ÿ wbeÆvwPZ nb|
myGi±`ÊbvG^i
Aw«¼Zxq ˆbZ‡GZ½i `ÞZv Õ·Ó¡fvGe cÉ`wkÆZ nGqGQ 1905 mvGj eãfã ‰i
wei‚G«¬ weGÞvf m†wÓ¡ I Õ¼G`kx AvG±`vjb ‰, hv ZuvGK evsjvi ‘gyKzUnxb
ivRv’-q cwiYZ KGi| H mgq wZwb Zuvi ivR‹bwZK RxeGbi AMÉMwZi kxGlÆ AeÕ©vb
KiwQGjb, wK¯§ kxNËB Zuvi co¯¦ AeÕ©v ÷i‚ nq| KsGMÉGmi Afů¦Gi gaÅc¯©x
I Pigc¯©xG`i gvGS ZxeË jovB ÷i‚ nGj Zv gaÅc¯©xG`i ò×gvMZ cZGbi mƒPbv
KGi| myGi±`Êbv^ wQGjb gaÅc¯©xG`i ài‚Z½cƒYÆ m`mÅ| ˆnvg i‚j jxGMi MVb
I Mv®¬xi Dïvb fviZxq RbMYGK ‰KwU bZzb ivR‹bwZK `†kÅcGU wbGq AvmGj gaÅc¯©xMY
‰GKevGi ÁÏvb nGq hvb| wZwb 1919 mvGji AvBGb cÉÕ¦vweZ msÕ•vimgƒn mg^Æb
KGib I gw¯¨Z½ MÉnY KGib| dGj Zuvi RbwcÉqZv AGbKUv nËvm cvq| ‰Uv ˆRvi
w`Gq ejv hvq ˆh, Õ©vbxq Õ¼vqîkvmGb RbMY ˆhUzKz KZ‡ÆZ½ ˆcGqGQ Zv Zuvi
cÉGPÓ¡vi dj| miKvi ZuvGK bvBU DcvwaGZ f„wlZ KGi| Zuvi mKj KvhÆò×g RbMGYi
AbyGgv`b jvf KGi wb ‰es wZwb 1923 mvGji mvaviY wbeÆvPGb eãxq AvBb cwilG`
(Bengal Legislative Council) wbeÆvwPZ nGZ eÅ^Æ
nb| ‰i wKQyKvj ci wZwb mwò×q ivRbxwZ ˆ^GK Aemi ˆbb|
ZuvGK
weGklfvGe ÕÃiY Kiv nq Zuvi 1925 mvGj cÉKvwkZ cÉksmbxq Mɯ© A Nation in Making-‰i RbÅ| ‰ eQGiiB 6 AvMÕ¡ wZwb ˆkl wbtk¼vm ZÅvM KGib| [iwéZ ivq]
