muvIZvj
evsjvG`Gki AbÅZg e†nr
b†GMvÓ¤x| ZvG`i evmÕ©vb gƒjZ ivRkvnx, w`bvRcyi, iscyi I eàov ˆRjvq|
cÉavb wbevm ivpeã, msj™² wenvi I DwolÅvi AiYÅ Açj ‰es ˆQvUbvMcyi; cGi
miKvi KZƆK wbaÆvwiZ muvIZvj ciMbvq| ZGe 1881 mvGji Av`g÷gvwiGZ ˆ`Lv
hvq ˆh cvebv, hGkvi, Lyjbv, ‰gbwK PëMÉvg ˆRjvqI A͸ msLÅvq muvIZvjG`i
emwZ wQj| 1941 mvGji RwiGc ˆ`Lv hvq eZÆgvb evsjvG`k ‰jvKvq muvIZvjG`i
msLÅv cÉvq AvU jÞ| ˆ`k wefvGMi ci ˆjvKMYbvi mgq muvIZvjG`i Õ¼Z¯¨ RvwZ
wnGmGe MYÅ bv Kivi dGj eüw`b ZvG`i mwVK msLÅv wbaÆviY Kiv hvq wb| Avwki
`kGK wLËÓ¡vb wgkbvwiG`i M†nxZ wnmve Abyhvqx DîieGã muvIZvj RbmsLÅv jÞvwaK|
1991 mvGji Av`g÷gvwi Abyhvqx muvIZvj RbmsLÅv `yB jGÞi ˆewk|
muvIZvjiv
AwÕ¡ËK fvlvfvlx Avw`-AGÕ¡Ëjxq (ˆcÉvGUv-AÕ¡ËvjGqW) RbGMvÓ¤xi
eskai| ‰G`i MvGqi is KvGjv, DœPZv gvSvwi, Pzj KvGjv I ˆKuvKovGbv,
ˆVuvU cyi‚| ‰B `xNÆgyí cÉkÕ¦bvmv muvIZvjG`i mGã gyív, IivIu,
gvjcvnvwo I Abyi…c Avw`evmxG`i ˆ`n‹ewkÓ¡Å, fvlv I msÕ•‡wZMZ
hG^Ó¡ wgj AvGQ| wgj iGqGQ ZvG`i MÉvgxY cçvGqwZ kvmbeÅeÕ©v I
mvgvwRK gƒjÅGevGai ˆÞGò ‰es ˆmBmGã ZvG`i b†ZÅMxZev`Å-AbyivGMi
ˆÞGòI| muvIZvjMY fviZxq DcgnvG`Gki AbÅZg Avw` evwm±`v, ‰iv K‡wl
Drcv`b eÅeÕ©v ‰es K‡wlmsÕ•‡wZi RbK I aviK wnGmGe Õ¼xK‡Z|
muvIZvjG`i
cÉavb DcvmÅ hw`I mƒhÆ (ZvG`i fvlvq wms ˆevãv) Zey ceÆZ ˆ`eZvI
(gvivs eyi‚) ZvG`i RbÅ hG^Ó¡ ghÆv`veÅéK nGq MÉvgG`eZvq cwiYZ
nGqGQ|
|
|
muvIZvj
bvix |
muvIZvjG`i
wek¼vm Avñv Agi ‰es ˆmB A‹bmwMÆK AvñvB (ˆevãv) me HwnK fvjg±` wbaÆviY
KGi ^vGK| ZvB Š`bw±`b cƒRv-APÆbvq ˆevãv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Õ©vb `Lj KGi AvGQ|
ZvG`i M†nG`eZv wnGmGe ZvB ‘AvGe ˆevãv’i hG^Ó¡ cÉZvc| ‰Qvov ˆjŒwKK wn±`y
ˆ`eG`exi cÉfveI ZvG`i agÆxq AbyÓ¤vbvw`GZ ˆ`Lv hvq| muvIZvj bibvix AvmGj
agÆwek¼vGmi w`K ˆ^GK meÆcÉvYev`x I cÉK‡wZ DcvmK, Avevi Zviv ‘VvKziwRD’-ˆK
m†wÓ¡KZÆv wnGmGe gvbÅ KGi| ZvG`i agÆvPiGY gƒwZÆcƒRvi cÉPjb ˆbB|
muvIZvjiv
LyeB DrmewcÉq RvwZ| evOvwjG`i gGZv ‰G`iI evGiv gvGm ˆZGiv cveÆY| ZvG`i
eQi ÷i‚ nq dvÍšyb gvGm| cÉvq cÉwZgvGm ev FZzGZ iGqGQ cie ev Drme hv
b†ZÅMxZev`Å mnGhvGM gnvmgvGivGn AbywÓ¤Z nGq ^vGK| beeGlÆi gvm dvÍšyGb
ˆhgb AbywÓ¤Z nq mÅvjGmB Drme, ˆZgwb ŠPGò ˆevãvGevwã, ŠekvGL ˆnvg, Avwk¼Gb
w`we, ˆcŒl ˆkGl ˆmvnivB Drme cvwjZ nq| ˆmvnivB Drme muvIZvjG`i ‰KcÉKvi
RvZxq Drme hv ˆcŒl msò×vw¯¦i w`b AZů¦ RuvKRgGKi mGã D`&hvwcZ nq|
dmGji ˆ`eZvi cÉwZ K‡ZæZv cÉKvkI ‰ AbyÓ¤vGbi Aã| bvP-Mvb-ev`Å Avi dzGji
gGbvig ˆkvfvq ‰es ˆmBmGã AvnvGhÆ-cvbxGq DrmewU nGq IGV RgRgvU| mÁ¿eZ
‰i eo AvKlÆY muvIZvj Zi‚YxG`i `je«¬ b†ZÅ| muvIZvjG`i AvGiKwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
AbyÓ¤vGbi bvg evnv A^Ævr dzjGdvUvi Drme| emG¯¦i ÷i‚GZ ‰ DrmGei DGókÅ
bvbv iGOi dzjGdvUvi ˆmŒ±`hÆGK AfÅ^Æbv I Awfb±`b RvbvGbv| ‰LvGbI ^vGK
bvP-Mvb I evG`Åi mgvGivn|
em¯¦
DrmGei AbÅZg w`K nGjv Zi‚Y-Zi‚YxG`i RbÅ wPîwewbgGqi myGhvM ŠZwi Kiv|
‰ aiGbi wPîwewbgq ev mãx-mwãbx wbeÆvPGbi ˆK±`ÊÕ©j nGjv ‘AvLov’| muvIZvj
mgvGR Zi‚Y-Zi‚Yxi weevn-cƒeÆ Õ¼vaxb ˆgjvGgkvq ˆKvb evav ˆbB| ZvG`i weevwnZ
RxeGb wek¼Õ¦Zvi Afve KgB NGU| mgvGR weevn weGœQG`i weavb iGqGQ| weGqGZ
KGbGK cY ˆ`Iqvi ixwZ ‰LbI ˆjvc cvq wb, ZGe Zv AwZmvgvbÅ| weaev wKsev
ZvjvKcÉvµ¦vG`i cybweÆevGni AwaKvi Õ¼xK‡Z|
muvIZvj
mgvGR cyi‚Gli AvwacZÅ AGcÞvK‡Z ˆewk| Zey cvwievwiK RxeGb bvixi f„wgKv
Kg bq| RxweKv ARÆGb ev KgÆRxeGb bvixi f„wgKv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| muvIZvjG`i Ni
ˆQvU, wK¯§ M†nvãb AZů¦ cwiœQ®²| gvwUi ˆ`qvGj bvbviKg Kvi‚KvhÆ wPòY
muvIZvj bvixi ˆmŒ±`hÆÕ·†nv I wkw͸gGbi cwiPq ZzGj aGi| NGii Avmevecò
LyeB mv`vgvUv hv ZvG`i mij RxebixwZi cwiPvqK| muvIZvj mgvR ‰LbI HwZnÅevnx
cçvGqwZ eÅeÕ©vq cwiPvwjZ ‰es MÉvgcÉavb mgvGR weGkl ghÆv`v ˆfvM KGi ^vGK|
muvIZvjG`i gGaÅ ‰LbI 12wU ˆMvòwefvM iGqGQ| mvaviY wbqGg ‰KB ˆMvGòi ˆQGjGgGqi
gGaÅ weGq wbwl«¬| wK¯§ ‰me Abykvmb ‰Lb ZZUv mPj bq|
muvIZvj
mgvR cÉavbZ K‡wlRxex| wK¯§ Av^Æ-mvgvwRK KviGY `vwi`Ë IG`i wbZÅmãx| ZvB
evaÅ nGq AwZ A͸ wewbgqgƒGjÅ ‰iv Pv evMvGb ev AbÅò kÉg weò×q KGi| ‰Qvov
‰iv gvwU KvGU, ˆgvU eq ev Abyi…c w`bgRywii KvGR wbGRG`iGK wbGqvwRZ ivGL|
‰iv KGVvi cwikÉGg AfÅÕ¦| ZvG`i mnR, mij, mv`vgvUv Rxebhvòvi gGZv ˆcvkvK-cwiœQ`I
mv`vwmGa aiGbi| ˆgGqiv LvGUv ˆgvUv is-ˆeiGOi kvwo cGi, gv^vq-ˆLuvcvq
dzj ˆMuvGR, wewPò AjâvGi wbGRG`i mvwRGq ˆZvGj| cyi‚liv cGi aywZ ev MvgQv|
mœQj wkwÞZG`i AvaywbK ˆcvkvK ciGZ ˆ`Lv hvq| KgÆcUz muvIZvj igYx mnRvZfvGeB
Lye ˆmŒ±`hÆ-mGPZb, weGklZ Zi‚Yxiv| muvIZvj bvix-cyi‚l IivIuG`i gGZv
ˆ`Gn DwÍ•wPn× aviY KGi|
evsjvG`Gk
muvIZvjG`i cÉavb Lv`Å fvZ, gvQ I cÉPwjZ ZwiZiKvwi| ‰iv KuvKov, kƒKi,
nuvm-gyiwM, Mi‚-gwnl ‰gbwK KvVweovjxi gvsmI ˆLGq ^vGK| cvUkvK (bvwjZv
kvK) ZvG`i wcÉq Lv`Å| fvZ cPvGbv g` ‘nvwoqv‘ (cPvB) muvIZvjG`i wcÉq
cvbxq| güqv ev Zvjim ˆ^GKI Iiv NGi g` ŠZwiGZ AfÅÕ¦| ‰me cvbxq ZvG`i
Drme AbyÓ¤vGb AcwinvhÆ DcKiY| muvIZvj igYxiv bvbv aiGbi wcVv ŠZwiGZI
`Þ| nuvm-gyiwM, cvwL I KœQGci wWg muvIZvjG`i Lye cQG±`i Lv`Å|
muvIZvwj
fvlv AwÕ¡ËK fvlvi cwievifzî×| ˆKvj I gyívwi fvlvi mGã muvIZvwj fvlvi
Mfxi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ| eZÆgvGb evsjvG`Gki muvIZvj mgvR AGbKUvB w«¼fvlx nGq
DGVGQ| muvIZvwj QvovI Zviv evsjv ejGZ Amyweav ˆeva KGi bv| ‰gbwK ZvG`i
fvlvq evsjv kGõi AbycÉGekI NUGQ| muvIZvjG`i msÕ•‡wZPPÆvq wjwLZ mvwnGZÅi
weKvk bv NUGjI ˆjvKMxwZ I ˆjvKKvwnbxi mg†«¬ HwZnÅ iGqGQ| muvIZvjG`i
ˆhgb fvlv AvGQ wK¯§ ˆjLÅ eYÆgvjv ˆbB, ˆZgwb ZvG`i agÆ AvGQ wK¯§ ˆKvb
AvbykvmwbK agÆMɯ© ˆbB| wLËÓ¡vb wgkbvwiG`i «¼viv ZvG`i gGaÅ wLËÓ¡agÆ
cÉPvwiZ nGœQ| AbÅw`GK, ˆemiKvwi msÕ©vi A^Æ‹bwZK mvnvGhÅi cÉfvGe muvIZvjG`i
gGaÅ AvaywbK wkÞvi cÉwZ AvMÉn evoGQ, wK¯§ `vwi`Ë ‰GÞGò eo A¯¦ivq| cÉwZGiva
msMÉvg mGî½I ˆRvZ`vi-gnvRbG`i kvmb-ˆkvlY ˆ^GK muvIZvj mgvR gyî× nGZ
cvGi wb| 1946 ˆ^GK 1950 mvj Aewa evsjvG`Gk ˆZfvMv AvG±`vjGb muvIZvjG`i
eÅvcK AskMÉnGYi K^v ‰GÞGò ÕÃiYGhvMÅ|
muvIZvj mgvGR g†ZG`n AvàGb fÕÃxf„Z Kivi cÉ^v cÉPwjZ
wQj| wK¯§ eZÆgvGb evsjvG`Gki muvIZvjG`i g†ZG`n KeiÕ© KiGZ ˆ`Lv hvq|
MÉvGgi ˆKvb m`mÅ gviv ˆMGj MÉvgcÉavbGK ˆmLvGb DcwÕ©Z nGq g†ZGK hG^vwPZ
ghÆv`vq mrKvGii eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nq| cGi myweavRbK ˆKvb ‰K mgq kÉv«¬ AbyÓ¤vGbi
ixwZI ZvG`i mgvGR iGqGQ| [Avng` iwdK]
