kvn myRv (1639-1660)  myevn-evsjvi gyMj fvBmiq| wZwb wQGjb mgËvU kvnRvnvb I mgËvæx ggZvR gnGji w«¼Zxq cyò| 1616 wLËÓ¡vGõi 23 Ryb Zuvi R¯Ã nq| hyeivR ^vKvKvGj wZwb wewf®² AwfhvGb Ask wbGq ˆmbvcwZ I cÉkvmK wnGmGe AwfæZv ARÆb KGib| myRvi KgÆ`ÞZv welGq mgËvGUi AMva AvÕ©v wQj, hvi dGj Zuvi gbme (c`) ò×gv¯¼Gq e†w«¬ ˆcGq 20,000 RvU I 15000 mIqvGi D®²xZ nq|

kvnRvnvb Bmjvg Lvb gvmnv`xˆK `ievGi ˆWGK cvVvb ‰es kvn myRvGK 1639 wLËÓ¡vGõ evsjvi myevn`vi wbhyî× KGib| 1642 wLËÓ¡vGõ ZuvGK EwolÅv cÉG`Gki `vwqZ½I AcÆY Kiv nq| 1639-1660 wLËÓ¡võ chƯ¦ wek eQGii wKQy AwaK mgq aGi wZwb cÉG`k `ywU kvmb KGib| ‰B mgqKvGj Zuvi kvmGbi `ywU mswÞµ¦ weiwZ wQj cÉ^g weiwZ nq 1647-48 chƯ¦| ‰ mgGq AvdMvwbÕ¦vGbi weG`ËvnxG`i wei‚G«¬ Awfhvb KvGj wZwb mgËvGUi mGã wQGjb, w«¼Zxq weiwZ NGU 1652 wLËÓ¡vGõ ZLb wZwb ‰wcÉj ˆ^GK RyjvB chƯ¦ Pvi gvm Kvj KveyGj AeÕ©vb KGib| Zuvi myevn`vwii ˆkl w`GK 1658 wLËÓ¡võ ˆ^GK wmsnvmb `LGji cÉwZGhvwMZvq wjµ¦ nGq `yevi wZwb ivRavbx w`wÍÏ AwfgyGL AMÉmi nb|

kvn myRvi wbhywî×i mgq XvKv myevn-evsjvi ivRavbx wQj| wK¯§ cieZÆxKvGj wZwb ivRavbx ivRgnGj Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ KGib (ZvwiL Rvbv ˆbB)| kvn myRvi kvmbKvGj evsjv I EwolÅv cÉG`k `ywUGZ ˆgvUvgywU kvw¯¦ weivR KiwQj; ˆKvb AsGkB ˆKvb eo aiGbi wek†›Ljv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q wb| cÉK‡Z cGÞ Rwg`vi I `yÓ•‡wZKvixiv myevn`vi wnGmGe ivRKzgviGK ˆ`GL nZwen»j nGq cGo| Z`ycwi myRvi Dci ˆKej `yB cÉG`Gki (evsjv I EwolÅv) myev`vwii `vwqZ½ bÅÕ¦ ^vGK wb, wZwb Kvgi…c I AvwkÉZ ivRÅ KzPwenvi `Lj KGib, hv Z‡Zxq Avi ‰K cÉG`Gki mgZzjÅ wQj ‰es ‰wUI Zuvi AaxGb ˆ`Iqv nq| cÉK‡ZcGÞ myRv cƒeÆ fviGZi fvBmiq wQGjb|

kvn myRv eÅvcK ivRÅ weRGqi RbÅ LÅvZ wQGjb bv, ZGe gGb nq wZwb wnRwj I wòcyivi wei‚G«¬ Awfhvb KGiwQGjb| evsjvi `wÞY-cwøg ˆKvGY AewÕ©Z wnRwj AçGj evnv`yi Lvb bvgK ‰K Õ¼fveMZ weG`Ëvnx kvmb KiGZb (cwøg evsjvi ˆgw`bxcyi ˆRjv)| myRvi mgGq evnv`yi ivRÕ¼ cwiGkvGa wejÁ¼ KGib, ‰B MvdjwZi RbÅ myRv Zwor eÅeÕ©v ˆbb| evnv`yi Lvb civwRZ nb ‰es AvGMi ˆPGq AviI ˆewk ivRÕ¼ ˆ`Iqvi cÉwZkÉ‚wZi wewbgGq Þgv jvf KGib| wòcyivi ivResGki BwZnvm ivRgvjvq H ivGRÅi mvG^ myRvi hyG«¬i DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq| ivRv hyG«¬ civwRZ nb ‰es eZÆgvb KzwgÍÏvi mxgv¯¦ msj™² AskweGkl ˆQGo w`Gq kvw¯¦ Õ©vcb KGib| ‰KwU gmwR` ŠZwii gaÅw`Gq myRv ‰B weRq ÕÃiYxq KGi ˆZvGjb| gmwR`wU ‰LbI fvj AeÕ©vq AvGQ ‰es myRvi bvg gGb KwiGq ˆ`q| ‰wU KzwgÍÏv knGii A`ƒGi ˆMvgwZ b`xi ZxGi AewÕ©Z|

kvn myRv ævbx, msÕ•‡wZevb I ˆKZv`yiÕ¦ Av`kÆ gyMj ivRKzgvi wQGjb| ˆh mKj dviwm Kwe I cwíZ Zuvi `ievi AjsK‡Z KiGZb wZwb ZuvG`i c†Ó¤GcvlK wQGjb| ‰ mKj eÅwî× cÉavbZ Bivb ˆ^GK AvGmb ‰es wkqv gZvejÁ¼x wQGjb| Zuvi cÉavb cvwil`MY wQGjb wkqv ‰es ‰gb wK AaÕ¦b KgÆPvixG`iI ˆewki fvM wkqv wQj| Zuvi gv wQGjb wkqv gwnjv, Zuvi `yB Õ¨xI (‰KRGbi ci AbÅ Avi ‰KRb wZwb weGq KGib) wQGjb wkqv| XvKvq cÉPwjZ M͸ AbymvGi kvn myRv evsjvq Avmvi mgq mGã KGi wZb kZ wkqv wbGq AvGmb ‰es ZvG`iGK evsjvi wewf®² ‰jvKvq emevGmi eÅeÕ©v KGi ˆ`b| w`wÍÏGZ àRe iGU ˆh myRv wbGRB wkqv gZv`kÆ MÉnY KGiGQb ‰es Zuvi fvB AvIiãGRGei mg^ÆKMY welqwUGK AviI AwZiwéZ KGi cÉPvi KGib| wK¯§ ‰ AwfGhvM mZÅ wQj bv| wZwb AekÅ Õ¼xq wcZv, wcZvgn I cÉwcZvgGni bÅvq dviwm cwíZ, mydx I cÉkvmKG`i mvsÕ•‡wZK cwigíj cQ±` KiGZb|

myRv eo wbgÆvZv wQGjb| XvKvi cÉvPxb gyMj `vjvbàwj Zuvi mgGqB wbwgÆZ nq| `vjvbàwj nGjv eo KvUiv , C`Mvn, ˆnvGmbx `vjvb ‰es Pzwonvëv gmwR` | PKevRvGii ‰KUz `wÞGY eywoMãvi ZxGi eo KvUiv ŠZwi Kiv nq| eo, eÅvcK I gGbvgy™¬Ki Õ©vcbvwU gƒjZ hyeivGRi emevGmi RbÅ wbgÆvY Kiv nq, wK¯§ ^vKvi RbÅ wZwb ivRgnj cQ±` Kivq eoKvUiv övgÅgvY ewYKG`i evGmi RbÅ ˆ`Iqv nq, A^Ævr ‰wU KvUiv ev mivBLvbv wnGmGe eÅen…Z nGZ ^vGK| C`Mvn DuPz wfGZi Pviw`GK ˆNi w`Gq evbvGbv nq| eQGi `yB CG` RvgvGZ bvgvh Av`vq Kivi RbÅ ‰wU eÅenvi Kiv nGZv| Šmq` gyiv` 1642-43 wLËÓ¡vGõ ˆnvGmbx `vjvb wbgÆvY KGib| ‰LvGb wkqv mÁ·É`vq RvgvGZ bvgvh Av`vq KiGZb, Avi Pzwonvëv gmwR` 1650 wLËÓ¡vGõ ŠZwi Kiv nq| ivRgnGj kvn myRv ‘mvã-B-`vjvb’ (cv^Gii cÉvmv`) bvGg ‰K cÉvmv` ‰es gvGeÆj cv^Gii ‰K gmwR` ŠZwi KGib| ‘Avb±`-mGivei’ bvGg ‰K w`wN ‰LbI kvn myRvi ÕÆwZ enb KGi| cyKzGii Pviw`GK ŠZwi Kiv nq `xDqvb-B-Avg, `xDqvb-B-Lvm, nvÁÃvg (ˆMvQj Lvbv), nvDR (Rjvavi) ‰es ˆdvqviv (SYÆv)|

ˆ`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qb I RbKjÅvGY eÅemv-evwYGRÅi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKvi welGq kvn myRv mGPZb wQGjb| ‰RbÅ wZwb weG`kx ewYK I BDGivcxq ˆKvÁ·vwbG`i mv`i Avg¯¨Y Rvbvb ‰es AevGa eÅemv-evwYRÅ Kivi myGhvM-myweav KGi ˆ`b| wZwb cZzÆwMR ˆ`i ‰K ‘wbkvb’ (hyeivGRi ˆ`Iqv AbygwZ cò) cÉ`vb KGib, hvi gvaÅGg mgËvGUi ‘digvGb’ ˆ`Iqv evwYwRÅK myweavw` Õ¼xKvi Kiv nq| wZwb Bswjk BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb I WvP ˆKvÁ·vwbGKI Abyi…c myweavw` ˆ`b| myRv A‹eafvGe eÅwî×MZ eÅemv PvjvGZb eGj Rvbv hvq| wZwb eÅemvqxG`i, weGkl KGi cvimÅG`kxqG`i gvaÅGg ev wbGR RvnvR fvov KGi ‰B `yB DcvGq eÅwî×MZ eÅemv cwiPvjbv KiGZb| ivRKzgviG`i ev ivRKxq KgÆKZÆvG`i eÅwî×MZ eÅemv ˆ`Gki Õ¼v^Æ weGivax wQj| kvn myRv Zuvi AaxbÕ© cÉG`kmgƒGn bZzbfvGe ivRÕ¼ eG±`veGÕ¦i DG`ÅvM ˆbb| ‰i dGj AvKei ‰i AvgGj ˆUvWigGji ivRÕ¼ eÅeÕ©vi ˆPGq kZKiv 15 fvM ivRÕ¼ e†w«¬ cvq|

1657 wLËÓ¡vGõi 6 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i kvnRvnvb AmyÕ© nGq cGob ‰es mgMÉ mvgËvGRÅ àRe iGU ˆh mgËvU gviv ˆMGQb| wK¯§ Zuvi eo cyò `vivwkGKv wmsnvmGb Zuvi AeÕ©vb `†pKiGYi RbÅ Zv ˆMvcb ˆiGLGQb| evwK wZb hyeivR mGã mGã ivRavbx AwfgyGL hvòvi cÉÕ§wZ wbGZ ^vGKb| myRv ivRgnGj wbGRGK mgËvU eGj ˆNvlYv KGib I ivRKxq Dcvwa MÉnY KGib| Mãv b`xGZ eü msLÅK hyG«¬i ˆbŒKv mwäZ KGi weivU evwnbx wbGq wZwb ivRavbx AwfgyGL AMÉmi nb| evnv`yicyGii Zzgyj hyG«¬ (AvaywbK Dîi cÉG`k, fviZ) `vivi evwnbxi nvGZ civwRZ nGq Avevi cÉÕ§wZ ˆbIqvi RbÅ myRv ivRgnGj wdGi AvGmb| BGZvgGaÅ AvIiãGRe `yevi (agÆvU I mvgMGo) `vivGK civwRZ KGib ‰es ZuvGK ew±` I nZÅv KGi wmsnvmGb AvGivnY KGib| myRv AveviI ivRavbx AwfgyGL AMÉmi nb| ‰evi Zuvi Awfhvb wQj AvIiãGRGei wei‚G«¬| 1658 wLËÓ¡vGõi 5 Rvbyqvwi LvGRvqvGZ (dGZncyi ˆRjv, Dîi cÉG`k, fviZ) hy«¬ nq| ‰B hyG«¬I myRv civwRZ nb| wZwb evsjvi w`GK cøv`cmiY KGib| gxiRygjv i Aaxb ivRKxq evwnbx «¼viv fxlYfvGe ZvwoZ nGjI myRv cÉwZwU RvqMvq ZvG`iGK evav w`GZ ^vGKb| AekÅ ˆkl chƯ¦ 1660 wLËÓ¡vGõi ‰wcÉj gvGm P„ov¯¦ hyG«¬ wZwb civRq eiY KGib| cÉwZwU civRGqi ci Õ¼xq evwnbxi ˆmbviv ZuvGK ˆQGo ˆhGZ ^vGK, wK¯§ wZwb ZvGZ nGZv`Åg nb wb| wZwb eis bZzb D`ÅGg ˆmbvevwnbx cybMÆVb KGib| wK¯§ Zv´£v ˆZ hLb Pviw`K ˆ^GK kò‚ cwiGewÓ¡Z nGq cowQGjb ‰es ŠmbÅ cybMÆwVZ Kiv Avi mÁ¿e bq gGb KiGjb ZLb wPiKvGji RbÅ wZwb evsjv (‰es fviZelÆ) ZÅvM KGi AvivKvGb AvkÉq ˆbIqvi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbb| wZwb mcwievGi ‰es `jej wbGq 1660 wLËÓ¡vGõi 6 ‰wcÉj Zv´£v ZÅvM KGi ‰wcÉGji 12 ZvwiGL XvKv ˆcuŒGQb| 6 ˆg wZwb XvKv ZÅvM KGib ‰es 12 ˆg fzjyqvGZ `jej wbGq AvivKvGbi cG^ RvnvGR IGVb|

evsjv ZÅvGMi cƒGeÆB myRv AvivKvGbi mGã ˆhvMvGhvM KGib| Zuvi cwiK͸bv wQj cÉ^Gg gØv hvIqv ‰es ˆmLvb ˆ^GK cvimÅ ev ZziGÕ•| wK¯§ ˆg gvGm mgy`Ë Dîvj ^vKvq ‰es elÆv ˆgŒmyg nIqvq wZwb KGqK gvGmi RbÅ AvivKvGb AvkÉq cÉv^Æbv KGib ‰es RvnvR ˆRvMvo Kivi RbÅ ivRvi mvnvhÅ Pvb| AvivKvGbi ivRavbx ˆgËvns (ˆgËŒKD) ˆcuŒQGj ivRv Zuvi gw¯¨gíjxi gvaÅGg myRvGK mv`Gi MÉnY KGib| knGii DcKG¥¤ ^vKvi RbÅ ZuvGK ‰KwU evwo ˆ`Iqv nq| wK¯§ hZB w`b ˆhGZ ^vGK ZZB AwZw^i cÉwZ ivRvi `†wÓ¡fwãi cwieZÆb nGZ ^vGK| myRvi mGã bxZ mÁ·` nÕ¦MZ Kiv ev myRvi my±`ix I msÕ•‡wZevb ˆgGqG`i ‰KRbGK cðx wnGmGe cvIqvi Awfjvl ˆ^GK myRvi mGã ivRvi weGiva evGa| myRvGK Zuvi cwievi I `jejmn wbcxob KGi gviv nq| ÷ay mvgvbÅ KGqKRb MÉvgvçGj cvwjGq wMGq wb`vi‚Y nZÅvhæ ˆ^GK wbÕ¦vi cvq| wK¯§ ˆKvb gyMj ivRKzgvi ev ivRKzgvix RxweZ wQGjb bv|  [Avõyj Kwig]

Mɯ©cwé  JN Sarkar, ed, History of Bengal, vol. II, Dacca University, Dhaka, 1948; JN Sarkar, History of Aurangzib, vol. II, Orient Langman Reprint, New Delhi, 1972-74; Abdul Karim, History of Bengal, Mughal Period, vol. II, Rajshahi University, Institute of Bangladesh Studies, Rajshahi, 1995.