kvgmyóxb wdi‚R kvn  jLGbŒwZi gymwjg ivGRÅi myjZvb| 701 nGZ 722 wnRwi (1301-1322 wLË) chƯ¦ wZwb ÞgZvq wQGjb| ‘Avm&myjZvb-Dj AvRg kvgmyóywbqv Iqvóxb Aveyj ˆgvRvd&di wdi‚R kvn Avm&myjZvb’ Dcvwa wbGq wZwb wmsnvmGb AvGivnY KGib ‰es wbGRi gy`Ëvq Ave»vmxq Lwjdv gymZvwmg weÍÏvni bvg DrKxYÆ KGib|

wdi‚R kvGni D«¿e I eskcwiPq wbGq cwíZG`i gGaÅ gZGf` iGqGQ| BeGb eZzZv i gGZ, wZwb bvwmiDóxb eyMiv Lvb ‰i cyò wQGjb ‰es ˆmB wnGmGe wZwb myjZvb wMqvmDóxb ejeb ‰i ˆcŒò| Avgxi Lmi‚ eyMiv LvGbi `ycyGòi bvg DGÍÏL KGib KvqGKvev` I KvqKvDm| wK¯§ wZwb kvgmyóxb wdi‚GRi bvg DGÍÏL KGib wb| ‰Qvov, wMqvmDóxb ejeb cvimÅ ixwZ AbymiY KGi Zuvi ˆcŒòG`i bvg KvqGKvev`, KvqKvDm, KvqLmi‚, Kvqgyim BZÅvw` ivGLb| wK¯§ ‘wdi‚R’ bvg cvimÅ ixwZi mGã mãwZcƒYÆ bq| Z`ycwi, KvqGKvev` 1288 wLËÓ¡vGõ hLb w`wÍÏi wmsnvmGb AvGivnY KGib, ZLb Zuvi eqm wQj gvò Dwbk eQi| KvqKvDm KvqGKvevG`i ˆQvU fvB wQGjb ‰es ˆm KviGY, hw` wdi‚R KvqKvDGmi ˆQvU fvB nb ZvnGj 1301 wLËÓ¡vGõ Zuvi eqm nGe gaÅ wòk| wdi‚GRi wmsnvmbvGivnGYi ci Zuvi `yRb cÉvµ¦eqÕ• cyò ivÓ¡Ëxq KvGR wcZvGK mvnvhÅ KGiGQb| wK¯§ ‰ eqGm ˆKvb eÅwî×i `yRb ev ZGZvwaK cÉvµ¦eqÕ• cyò ^vKvi K^v bq| ‰ mKj KviGY ‰es Zuvi gy`Ëvàwj h^v^ÆfvGe cixÞv-wbixÞv KGi AvaywbK cwíZMY eGjb ˆh, kvgmyóxb wdi‚R ejewb esGki A¯¦fzÆî× wQGjb bv| kvgmyóxb wdi‚R ˆKv^vI wbGRGK myjZvGbi cyò eGj `vwe KGib wb, A^P Zuvi DîivwaKvix cyòMY mKGjB wbGRG`iGK ‘myjZvb web myjZvb’ A^Ævr ‘myjZvGbi cyò myjZvb’ eGj AwfwnZ KGiGQb|

jLGbŒwZ i kvmbKZÆv eyMiv LvbGK mvnvhÅ Kivi RbÅ ejeb wdi‚R bvgavix `yRbGK wbGqvwRZ KGib| Abygvb Kiv nq ˆh, kvgmyóxb wdi‚R ‰ `yRGbiB ‰KRb| ‰ `yRb KgÆKZÆvi gGaÅ wenvGii kvmbKZÆv wdi‚R BwZMxb wQGjb AwaKZi ˆhvMÅ| mÁ¿eZ, `yRb wdi‚GRi gGaÅ wdi‚R BwZMxbB KvqKvDGmi g†ZzÅi ci A^ev kwî× eGj ZuvGK mwiGq 701 wnRwiGZ (1301 wLË.) myjZvb kvgmyóxb wdi‚R kvn Dcvwa wbGq evsjvi wmsnvmGb eGmb| wmsnvmGb AvGivnY KGi myjZvb kvgmyóxb wdi‚R kvn ZvRDóxb nvwZg Lvb bvgK Zuvi ‰K cyòGK wenvGii kvmbfvi AcÆY KGib|

wbGRi AeÕ©v mymsnZ Kivi ci wdi‚R kvn ivRÅ weÕ¦vGii w`GK gGbvwbGek KGib| ‰B mgGq jLGbŒwZi Þz`Ë gymwjg ivRÅ wenvi, Dîi I Dîi-cwøg evsjv ‰es `wÞY-cwøg evsjvi jLGbŒi ‰i gGaÅ mxgve«¬ wQj| i‚Kbyóxb KvqKvDm evsjvi cƒeÆvçGj weRqvwfhvb ÷i‚ KGiwQGjb| KvqKvDGmi ˆm Awfhvb wdi‚R kvGni AvgGj ˆkl nq| Kw^Z AvGQ ˆh, KvqKvDm cÉ^gevGii gGZv eGãi LvivR (ivRÕ¼) ˆ^GK gy`Ëv cÉeZÆb KGib| wK¯§ wdi‚R kvGni mgGq ˆmvbviMuvI Açj (`wÞY-cƒeÆ evsjv) gymwjg mvgËvGRÅi A¯¦fzÆî× nq| wZwb ˆmvbviMuvI-‰ ‰KwU UvKkvj Õ©vcb KGib| ‰Lvb ˆ^GK Zuvi AGbK gy`Ëv cÉKvwkZ nGqGQ| ‰KBfvGe mvZMuvI weRqvwfhvbI ÷i‚ nGqGQ Rvdi LvGbi ˆbZ‡GZ½ KvqKvDGmi AvgGj ‰es Zv ˆkl nGqGQ wdi‚R kvGni kvmbKvGj| wdi‚R kvGni ‰KwU wkjvwjwc ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq ˆh, R‹bK Rvdi Lvb 713 wnRwiGZ (1313 wLË.) `vi-Dj-LqivZ bvGg ‰KwU gv`Ëvmv wbgÆvY KGib| wdi‚R kvGni gqgbwmsn weRq mÁ·GKÆ ˆZgb wKQy Rvbv hvq bv| ˆKej ‰UzKzB Rvbv hvq ˆh, Zuvi cyò wMqvmDóxb evnv`yi wMqvmcyi UvKkvj ˆ^GK gy`Ëv cÉPjb KGib| wMqvmcyiGK gqgbwmsGni cÉvq 24 wKGjvwgUvi `ƒGi AewÕ©Z H bvGgi ‰KwU MÉvGgi mvG^ Awf®² gGb Kiv nq| wdikvGni ivRZ½KvGj wmKv±`i Lvb MvRx my±`ieb AçGji wn±`y ivRv gUzGKi wei‚G«¬ ‰K mdj Awfhvb cwiPvjbv KGib| myjZvb wdi‚R kvGni ‰KwU gy`Ëv mvZÞxiv ˆRjvi `wÞY cÉv¯¦xq AçGj AewÕ©Z ‰KwU MÉvGg AvweÓ•‡Z nGqGQ| wmGjU weRq wQj myjZvb kvgmyóxb wdi‚R kvGni ivRZ½KvGji meÆvGcÞv DGÍÏLGhvMÅ NUbv| wkjvwjwc AbymvGi wdi‚Rkvn 703 wnRwiGZ (1303 wLË.) wmGjU Rq KGib| wmGjU weRGqi mvG^ weLÅvZ `iGek nRiZ kvnRvjvj (it) ‰es ˆmbvcwZ Šmq` bvwmiDóxGbi bvg RwoZ AvGQ|

wdi‚R kvn LjRxG`i wei‚G«¬ wenvGiI Zuvi ÞgZv my`†pi…Gc aGi ˆiGLwQGjb| wenvGi AvweÓ•‡Z Zuvi AvgGji `ywU wkjvwjwc ‰ K^v cÉgvY KGi| ‰fvGe evsjvi mvjZvbvZ myjZvb kvgmyóxb wdi‚R kvGni AvgGj KgcGÞ cwøGg ˆkvb I ˆMvMiv b`x nGZ cƒGeÆ wmGjU chƯ¦ ‰es DîGi w`bvRcyi-iscyi nGZ `wÞGY üMwj I my±`ieb chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z wQj|

wdi‚R kvGni QqRb cÉvµ¦eqÕ• cyò wQGjb wknveyóxb eyM`v, Rvjvjyóxb gvngy`, wMqvmDóxb evnv`yi, bvwmi‚óxb Beivwng, nvwZg Lvb ‰es KzZjy Lvb| ‰ Qq cyGòi gGaÅ ZvRDóxb nvwZg Lvb wenvGii kvmbKZÆv wQGjb| gy`Ëv mvGÞÅ cÉgvwYZ nq ˆh, wdi‚R kvGni Rxeókvq Zuvi cyò Rvjvjyóxb gvngy`, wknveDóxb eyM`v ‰es wMqvmDóxb evnv`yi ZuvG`i wbR wbR bvGg jLGbŒwZ UvKkvj ˆ^GK gy`Ëv cÉeZÆb KGib| wMqvmDóxb evnv`yi ˆmvbviMuvI ‰es wMqvmcyi UvKkvj ˆ^GKI gy`Ëv cÉeZÆb KGib| ‰ gy`Ëvàwji wfwîGZ ˆKvb ˆKvb cwíZ eGjb ˆh, wdi‚R kvGni cyòMY wcZvi wei‚G«¬ weG`Ëvnx nGqwQGjb ‰es Zuviv chÆvqò×Gg jLGbŒwZ kvmb KiwQGjb| wK¯§ wdi‚R kvGni cyòG`i gy`Ëv cÉeZÆb ZuvG`i weG`ËvGni dj bq, eis wcZvi mGã cyòG`i ÞgZv fvMvfvwMi dj| AvmGj kvgmyóxb wdi‚R kvn ˆek eqGm jLGbŒwZi wmsnvmGb AvGivnY KGib| ‰mgGq Zuvi AaÆ-WRb cÉvµ¦eqÕ• cyò wQj| ‰uiv ivÓ¡Ëxq eÅvcvGi ZuvGK mvnvhÅ KiGZb| cyòG`i mnGhvwMZvq m¯§Ó¡ nGq wdi‚R kvn ZuvG`iGK mvgËvGRÅi ˆKvb ˆKvb AsGk Õ¼vaxbfvGe kvmbKvhÆ cwiPvjbv Kivi ‰es gy`Ëv cÉPjb Kivi gGZv ivRKxq ÞgZv eÅenvGii AbygwZ ˆ`b| hw` Zuvi cyòiv wcZvi wei‚G«¬ weG`Ëvn KiGZb, ZvnGj mvgËvGRÅ AivRKZv I wek†›Ljv weivR KiZ ‰es mvgËvGRÅi ‰Z weÕ¦‡wZ mÁ¿e nGZv bv|

kvgmyóxb wdi‚R kvn 722 wnRwiGZ (1322 wLË.) g†ZzÅeiY KGib| wZwb wbGRGK ‰KRb kwî×kvjx I Drmvnx kvmK, Awfæ ˆhv«¬v ‰es `Þ K„UbxwZwe` wnGmGe cÉgvY KGib| Bmjvg agÆ cÉPvGii RbÅ wZwb mvnvhÅ KiGZb| ‰RbÅ wZwb weGklfvGe ÕÃiYxq nGq AvGQb| wZwb ‰KwU ivResk cÉwZÓ¤vq mÞg nGqwQGjb|  [‰.we.‰g kvgmyóxb Avng`]