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ivRkvnx ivR  AvVvGiv kZGKi evsjvi ˆbZ‡Õ©vbxq Rwg`vwi| 33,670 eMÆ wKwg AvqZb wewkÓ¡ ‰ Rwg`vwi wQj evsjvq w«¼Zxq e†nîg| evsjvi `xDqvb/myevn`vi gywkÆ`Kzjx Lvb ‰i mgq (1704-1727) ‰wU cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| Zuvi `†p kvmb I KGVvi wbqgvbyeZÆx ivRÕ¼bxwZi dGj AGbK eGbw` Rwg`vi ò‚wUcƒYÆ Rwg`vwi kvmb ‰es h^vmgGq miKvwi ivRÕ¼ ˆcÉiGY eÅ^ÆZvi RbÅ ZvG`i Rwg`vwi nvivq| AevaÅZv I weG`ËvGni KviGYI AGbK Rwg`vi ÞgZvPzÅZ nb| bIqve gywkÆ`Kzjx Lvb ‰mKj Rwg`vwi Zuvi Awfæ KgÆPvix ‰es wcÉq I wek¼Õ¦ AbyPiG`i gGaÅ bZzb KGi BRviv ˆ`b| Õ©jvwfwlî×KiGYi ‰ cÉwò×qvq meÆvGcÞv jvfevb nq ivRkvnx Rwg`vwi (bvGUvi ivR)| e†nr Rwg`vwi m†wÓ¡ wQj bIqve Abym†Z ivRÕ¼bxwZi Aci DGókÅ| ‰ bxwZ «¼vivI ‰ cwievi jvfevb nq|

ivRkvnx ivRcwievGii Avw`cyi‚l R‹bK KvgG`e ivq| Bwb wQGjb cywVqv ivRcwievGii AaxGb jÕ•icyi ciMbvi A¯¦MÆZ eivBnvwUi Znwmj`vi| KvgG`Gei wZb cyò ivgRxeb, iNyb±`b I weúzivg| ‰ wZb fvBGqi gGaÅ iNyb±`b wQGjb meÆvGcÞv mÁ¿vebvgq I D`Ågx| iNyb±`Gbi DïvGbi ˆcQGb cywUqvi Rwg`vi `cÆbvivqY ‰es gywkÆ`Kzjx LvGbi weGkl Ae`vb wQj|

`cÆbvivqY Zuvi DwKj wnGmGe iNyb±`bGK evsjvi ivRavbx RvnvãxibMGi (XvKv) wbhyî× KGib| gywkÆ`Kzjx LvGbi mGã myevn`vi AvwRg-Dm-kvb ‰i KjGn iNyb±`b gywkÆ`Kzjx LvGbi cÞvejÁ¼b KGi Zuvi wek¼vmfvRb nb| evsjvi `xDqvwb m`i `dZi hLb gywkÆ`vevG` Õ©vbvÕ¦wiZ nq, ZLbI Zuvi cÉfzi (`cÆbvivqGYi) DwKj wnGmGe wZwb ˆmLvGb wbGqvMjvf KGib| iNyb±`b Zuvi KgÆ`ÞZvq kxNÉB gywkÆ`vevG`i m`i KvbybGMv-i `†wÓ¡ AvKlÆY KGib| ivRÕ¼ msò×v¯¦ welq I AvBbkvGÕ¨ iNyb±`Gbi Mfxi ævGbi RbÅ m`i KvbybGMv ZuvGK mnKvix A^Ævr bvGqe KvbybGMv wbhyî× KGib| ‰ mgq wZwb gywkÆ`Kzjx LvGbi AviI mvw®²GaÅ Avmvi myGhvM cvb ‰es Zuvi wek¼vm I AvÕ©v ARÆb KGib|

gywkÆ`Kzjx LvGbi wek¼vmfvRb wnGmGe iNyb±`b 1706 mvGj Zuvi fvB ivgRxeGbi bvGg ivRkvnx Rwg`vwii ‰Kvsk jvf KGib| evbyMvwQi cƒeÆZb Rwg`vi Zuvi AcUzZvi KviGY ò×gvMZ ivRÕ¼ evwK ˆdjvq evbyMvwQI ‰ cwievGii mÁ·wîi mGã hyî× nq| Zvici ò×gv¯¼Gq hyî× nq fvUzwiqv ciMbv I wbR-ivRkvnx h^vò×Gg 1711 I 1713 mvGj| ‰i wKQyw`b cGiB bj`x ciMbvI ivgRxeGbi AaxGb bÅÕ¦ Kiv nq| f„lYvi Rwg`vi mxZvivg weG`Ëvnx nGq cvkƦeZÆx ˆQvU ˆQvU Rwg`viG`i Ici AZÅvPvi ÷i‚ KiGj ‰es m`Gi ivRÕ¼ cvVvGbv e®¬ KiGj gywkÆ`Kzjx Lvb Zuvi wei‚G«¬ Awfhvb ˆcÉiY KGib I ZuvGK `gb KGib| ‰ AwfhvGb bvGUvi Rwg`vwii cÉwZÓ¤vZv ivgRxeb I Zuvi `xDqvb `qvivg mnGhvwMZv KGib| ZuvG`i Ae`vGbi Õ¼xK‡wZÕ¼i…c gywkÆ`Kzjx 1714 mvGj ciMbv Beivwngcyimn mgMÉ f„lYv ivgRxebGK cÉ`vb KGib| eÕ§Z, mxZvivGgi Rwg`vwii a»smmvab I bvGUvi cwievGii Dïvb ciÕ·i mÁ·wKÆZ|

weG`Ëvnx AvdMvb `jcwZG`i `gb KGi bIqve Zuvi wcÉqcvò ivgRxebGK UvwK mi‚ecyGii Rwg`vwi eG±`veÕ¦ ˆ`b (1718)| BGZvgGaÅ ivgRxeb Zuvi `Þ Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbv I wbqwgZ ivRÕ¼ cÉ`vb KGi bIqvGei wek¼vm ARÆb KGib| ‰fvGe ‰GKi ci ‰K (Rwg`vwi) msGhvRGbi dGj ivRkvnx Rwg`vwi ‰i cÉwZÓ¤vZvG`i RxebKvGjB wekvj AvKvi aviY KGi| ‰wU evsjvi w«¼Zxq e†nîg Rwg`vwiGZ cwiYZ nq ‰es eaÆgvGbi cGiB Õ©vb jvf KGi| ˆjvKgyGL cÉPvwiZ nq ˆh, ‰ Rwg`vwii Avq 52 jÞ UvKv|

hw`I iNyb±`bGK ivRkvnx Rwg`vwii cÉwZÓ¤vZv ejv nq, wK¯§ ‰i cÉK‡Z cÉwZÓ¤vZv wQGjb Zuvi eo fvB ivgRxeb| Zuvi ˆhvMÅZv I myk†›Lj cwiPvjbv ‰es mGeÆvcwi bIqvGei mGã mymÁ·GKÆi KviGY ivRkvnx Rwg`vwi ‰Z `Ë‚Z D®²wZ jvf KGi| ‰ welGq ivgRxeGbi `xDqvb `qvivGgi K‡wZZ½I wQj DGÍÏLGhvMÅ|

1724 mvGj iNyb±`Gbi g†ZzÅ nq| iNyb±`Gbi ˆKvb DîivwaKvix wQj bv| Zuvi g†ZzÅi KGqK eQi ci 1730 mvGj ivgRxebI BnGjvK ZÅvM KGib| ivgRxeb AekÅ g†ZzÅi ˆek cƒGeÆB ivgKv¯¦GK `îK cyò wnGmGe MÉnY KGib ‰es mgy`q Rwg`vwi ivgKvG¯¦i bvGg DBj KGi hvb| ‰fvGe ivgKv¯¦ 1730 mvGj gvò 18 eQi eqGm wekvj ivRkvnx Rwg`vwii gvwjK nb| wK¯§ wZwb Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbvq Abwfæ wQGjb| AwaKvsk mgq wZwb agÆxq KvGR wjµ¦ ^vKGZb| dGj ivRKvGhÆ AeGnjv nGZv| Zuvi eyw«¬gwZ Õ¨x ivbx fevbx ‰es Awfæ `xDqvb `qvivg `ÞZvi mGã Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbv KGib| ivgRxeGbi ˆQvU fvB weúzivGgi cyò ˆ`exivGgi Pò×vG¯¦ ivgKv¯¦ wKQy w`Gbi RbÅ Rwg`vwiPzÅZ nb| wK¯§ wek¼Õ¦ `xDqvb `qvivGgi ˆPÓ¡vq ‰es civgGkÆ bIqve Avjxe`Æx Lvb ivgKv¯¦GK ˆkl chƯ¦ Zuvi Rwg`vwi cÉZÅcÆY KGib| 1748 mvGj Õ¨x ivbx fevbx I ‰Kgvò KbÅv ZvivG`exGK ˆiGL ivgKv¯¦ g†ZzÅeiY KGib| g†ZzÅi cƒGeÆ wZwb ivbx fevbxGK `îKcyò MÉnGYi AbygwZ w`Gq hvb|

ivgKvG¯¦i ci ivbx fevbx mywekvj ivRkvnx Rwg`vwii mgy`q KZ‡ÆGZ½i AwaKvix nb ‰es Õ¼nGÕ¦ ‰i `vwqZ½ MÉnY KGib| wZwb AZů¦ `ÞZv I wePÞYZvi mGã Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbv KGib ‰es ‰i mybvg eüjvsGk e†w«¬ KGib| KvGR Awfæ I wek¼Õ¦ `xDqvb `qvivg memgq Zuvi cvGk ˆ^GK ZuvGK mvnvhÅ I civgkÆ cÉ`vb KiGZb| ivbx fevbxi myPvi‚ I myÓ¤z cwiPvjbvq Rwg`vwii cÉf„Z D®²wZ nq| wZwb gywkÆ`vevG`i bIqvGei mGã AZů¦ mymÁ·KÆ eRvq ˆiGL PjGZb| 1765 mvGj `xDqvwb jvGfi mgq BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb ivRkvnx Rwg`vwiGK AZů¦ mg†«¬ ˆ`LGZ cvb ‰es ivbx fevbxGK Rwg`vwi cG` envj ivGLb| ivbx fevbx Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbvq ˆhgb wePÞYZvi cwiPq w`GqwQGjb, ˆZgwb Zuvi mvgvwRK I RbwnZKi KvGRi RbÅ ÕÃiYxq nGq AvGQb| wZwb Zuvi Rwg`vwii weivU Avq RbGmevq ‰es `vZeÅ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi ˆcQGb eÅq KiGZb| wZwb wbGR KGVvi eËþPhÆ cvjb KiGZb| 1776 mvGji Avwgwb KwgkGbi wiGcvGUÆ ivRkvnx Rwg`vwii ‰K weivU Avq eËvþYG`i ˆmevi RbÅ eËGþvîi mÁ·wî wnGmGe cvIqv hvq| wZwb ˆebviGm ‰KwU wkegw±`i Õ©vcb  KGib|

AÓ¡v`k kZvõxi ˆkl `kKàwjGZ JcwbGewkK ivRÅ hLb MGo DVwQj, ZLb gvò 12wU Rwg`vi cwievi evsjvi f„-mÁ·wîi AaÆvsk wbq¯¨Y KiZ| JcwbGewkK ivRÅ ‰ mKj eo Rwg`viGK wbGRi AwÕ¦GZ½i cÉwZe®¬K wnGmGe weGePbv KiZ| KviY Zviv wQj cÉf„Z mÁ·G`i AwaKvix| mgq-myGhvM eyGS wgwjZ nGq Zviv ˆKvÁ·vwbi ivRÅwU boeGo KGi ˆdjGZ cviZ| myZivs ‰ mKj eo Rwg`vwiGK ‰GKevGi a»sm KGi ˆdjv mÁ¿e bv nGjI `yeÆj KGi ˆdjv wQj miKvGii ‰KUv bxwZ| ‰B cwiK͸bv evÕ¦evwqZ Kivi ‰KUv AGgvN AÕ¨ wQj mƒhÆvÕ¦ AvBGbi KovKwo cÉGqvM|

1788 mvGj e†«¬eqGm ivbx fevbx Zuvi PwÍÏk eQi eqÕ• `îKcyò ivgK‡úGK Rwg`vwi nÕ¦v¯¦i KGib| 1791 mvGj 22,52,200 UvKv Rgvi wewbgGq Zuvi mvG^ `kmbv eG±`veÕ¦ nq| `kmbv eG±`veGÕ¦i ci ˆ^GK ivRkvnx Rwg`vwi wZbwU ÞwZKi mgmÅvi gyGLvgywL nq DœPnvGi ivRÕ¼ wbaÆviY, A`Þ eÅeÕ©vcbv ‰es KgÆPvixG`i (Avgjv) loh¯¨| `kmbv eG±`veÕ¦ cÉewZÆZ nIqvi ci ˆ^GKB Rwg`vwiGZ fvOb ÷i‚ nq| cieZÆx kZvõx ÷i‚ nIqvi AvGMB A͸ KGqKwU ciMbv Qvov ˆMvUv Rwg`vwi bZzb bZzb gvwjKG`i wbKU nÕ¦v¯¦wiZ nq| cwievGii nvGZ ivLv ciMbvàwji ivRÕ¼ 1800 mvGj 34,000 UvKvi ˆewk wQj bv|

Rwg`vwii mÁ·` ˆhGnZz ˆKvb w`bB cy›Lvbycy›Li…Gc LwZGq ˆ`Lv nq wb, ˆmGnZz Rwg`vwii Ici avhÆK‡Z ivRÕ¼ mwVK wQj wKbv Zv Õ·Ó¡ KGi ejv KwVb| wewf®² LvGZ mKj KZÆb ev` w`Gq `kmbv eG±`veGÕ¦ ivRÕ¼ wbaÆvwiZ nq 20,17,200 wmØv UvKv| ‰i mvG^ im` (e†w«¬) hyî× nq 2,25000 wmØv UvKv| myZivs Rwg`vwii Õ©vqx ivRÕ¼ wbaÆviY Kiv nq 22,52,000 wmØv UvKv| 1778-79 ˆ^GK 1788-89 chƯ¦ evwlÆK MocoZv ivRÕ¼ Av`vq wQj 21,24,400 wmØv UvKv| miKviGK ˆ`q ivRÕ¼ ‰es cÉRvG`i KvQ ˆ^GK evÕ¦e Av`vq ‰ `yGqi gGaÅ ˆh dvivK (1,27,600 wmØv UvKv) Zv AviI ˆeGo hvq, wmØv UvKvq ivRÕ¼ cÉ`vGbi weavb Abyhvqx evëvi ˆh cÉPjb wQj, webv ÞwZcƒiGY Zv cÉZÅvnvGii dGj| evëv ˆ^GK ivRvi evwlÆÆK Avq nGZv cÉvq 1 jÞ UvKv| `kmbv eG±`veGÕ¦ ‰gb ˆKvb BwãZ wQj bv ˆh, cieZÆxKvGj webv ÞwZcƒiGY Avevi ‰i cÉPjb nGe| ‰fvGe cƒeÆZb Av`vq ‰es 1791 mvGji wbaÆvwiZ ivRGÕ¼i gGaÅKvi cv^ÆGKÅi mvG^ evëvRwbZ NvUwZ ˆhvM KiGj ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, `kmbv eG±`veGÕ¦i dGj cÉvq `yjÞ UvKvi evowZ ˆevSv ivRvi Dci PvcvGbv nq|

cÉ^gw`GK ivRv ivgK‡ú ‰ eG±`veÕ¦ MÉnY KiGZ AÕ¼xKvi KGib ‰es ‰ AvBb cÉGqvGMi RbÅ miKvi KZ‡ÆK AvGivwcZ mKj cÉKvi cÉwZe®¬KZv ‰es AvBwb evaÅevaKZv cÉZÅvLÅvb Kivi ˆPÓ¡v KGib| wK¯§ AeGkGl Avcwîmn wZwb ‰ eÅeÕ©v ˆgGb ˆbb| wZwb KvDw´ÖjGK ˆjGLb ˆh, ÷ay miKvGii AwaKZi Am¯§wÓ¡ cwinvi KiGZB wZwb eG±`veÕ¦ MÉnY KGiGQb|

‰ AeÕ©vq Õ¼vfvweKfvGeB wewÕÃZ nIqvi wKQy ˆbB ˆh, `kmbv Pzwî× MÉnY Kivi ‰K eQGii gGaÅB ivRvGK cÉvq ˆ`o jÞ UvKv Rgvi `ywU eo ciMbv nvivGZ nq| ‰GZI Zuvi `y`Ækvi Aemvb nq wb| wd eQi eGKqvi cwigvY ˆeGoGQ| 1795 mvGji RyjvB gvGm miKvGii wbKU Zuvi ˆgvU eGKqvi cwigvY `uvovq 5,39,054 wmØv UvKv| Zuvi AmyweavmgƒGni K^v DGÍÏL KGi ivRv Zuvi cÉG`q ivRGÕ¼i bÅvhÅ nvi AGcÞv AwZwiî× avhÆ iwnZKiY ‰es ZäwbZ eGKqv gIKzGdi RbÅ KvDw´ÖjGK ˆjGLb| wK¯§ Zuvi AvGe`bmgƒn ò×gvMZ evwZj nGZ ^vGK|

miKvwi ivRÕ¼ eGKqvi cwigvY ò×gvMZ e†w«¬ ˆcGZ ^vKvq Zuvi Amyweavmgƒn wee†Z KGi ivgK‡Gúi cybtcyb AvGe`Gbi cwiGcÉwÞGZ Zuvi Rwg`vwii NUbvewj mÁ·GKÆ KvDw´ÖGj cƒYÆvã AvGjvPbv nq| ‰ eÅvcvGi KvGjÙi I ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiGfwbDi gZvgZ PvIqv nq| KvGjÙi ivRvi cGÞ wiGcvUÆ cÉ`vb KGi DGÍÏL KGib ˆh, Zuvi Rwg`vwii Dci avhÆK‡Z AwZwiî× ivRGÕ¼i cwigvY Zuvi Dci AvGivwcZ imG`i KgcGÞ AGaÆGKi mgvb| wK¯§ KvDw´Öj miKvwi `vwe KgvGZ AvG`Œ ivwR wQj bv| ivRÕ¼ evwK covi RbÅ ivRvi AGhvMÅZvGK `vqx Kiv nq| eÕ§Z, miKvi ‰ e†nr Rwg`vwii AwÕ¦Z½ wejyµ¦ KGi ˆQvU ˆQvU ‰es mnGR wbq¯¨YGhvMÅ Rwg`vwi m†wÓ¡ KiGZ K‡rmsK͸ wQj| mKj cÉkvmb h¯¨GK eÅenvi KGiI miKvi Zvi `vwe Abyhvqx ivRÕ¼ Av`vq KiGZ eÅ^Æ nq ‰es ‰KUv ˆgvUv AGâi UvKv eGKqv cGo ^vGK| ‰ ˆ^GK ˆevSv hvq ˆh, ivRkvnx Rwg`vwii Avq I avhÆK‡Z ivRGÕ¼i gGaÅ mvgémÅ wQj bv|

Rwg`vwii cwiYwZ wQj AZů¦ Ki‚Y| mvevjKZ½ cÉvµ¦ nGq 1798 mvGji ‰wcÉGj ivRv wek¼bv^ Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ½ MÉnY KGib| kxNÉB miKvwi ivRÕ¼ evwK cGo ‰es Zv cwiGkva Kivi RbÅ ZuvGK gnGji ci gnj wewò× KiGZ nq| 1800 mvGji gGaÅ wekvj ivRkvnx Rwg`vwi ‰i mKj ghÆv`v I ài‚Z½ nvivq| Pig Avw^ÆK AbUGbi KeGj cGo Rwg`vi cwieviwU| Rwg`vGii AZxZ ˆMŒie I ghÆv`v ‰es eZÆgvb `yieÕ©vi K^v weGePbv KGi miKvi ZuvGK 1805 mvj ˆ^GK 800 UvKv gvwmK e†wî`vGbi eÅeÕ©v KGi| 1790 mvGj ˆhwU wQj evsjvi w«¼Zxq e†nîg Rwg`vwi, eaÆgvb ivGRi cGiB wQj hvi Õ©vb, cieZÆx `k eQGii gGaÅ Zv cÉvq Zvi AwÕ¦Z½ nvwiGq ˆdGj|

Rwg`vwiwUi ‰B Amnvq AeÕ©vi gƒj KviY wQj Rwg`vwii cÉK‡Z cÉ`vqx ÞgZv AGcÞv ˆewk ivRÕ¼ avhÆKiY| eGKqv cwiGkvGai ÞgZv ivRvi wQj bv| ZvB Zvi Rwg`vwi wewò× PjGZ ^vGK| wK¯§ Rwg`vwi a»sm nIqvi ˆcQGb AwaK ivRÕ¼ wbaÆviYB ÷ay ‰Kgvò KviY wQj bv| ‰ eÅvcvGi ivRvi eÅwî×PwiòI hG^Ó¡ `vqx wQj| Šeúe gZevG` wek¼vmx ivRv ivgK‡ú Rwg`vwi ˆmGiÕ¦vi KvRKgÆ fzGj cÉvq mvivÞY agÆKgÆ I `vb-aÅvGb wbGRGK eÅvc†Z ivLGZb| aÅvb, ZcmÅv RvZxq agÆxq KvRKgÆ ˆmGi mvgvbÅ ˆh mgq wZwb ˆcGZb ZvI eÅq KiGZb RbwcÉq Šeúe mãxZ iPbv KGi| ‰ mgÕ¦ KviGY wZwb evsjvi ivRv m®²Åvmx ˆLZve cvb|

Rwg`vwi eÅeÕ©vcbvq ivgK‡Gúi Pig D`vmxbZv ZuvGK cwicƒYÆfvGe AvgjvG`i Dci wbfÆikxj KGi ˆZvGj| Kvjò×Gg ‰iv ‰Z cÉfvekvjx nGq IGV ˆh, ivRv ZvG`i Ici wbq¯¨Y nvwiGq ˆdGjb| Rwg`vwi AvgjvZG¯¨i m`mÅMY ‰KGRvU nGq wbGRG`i Õ¼v^Æwmw«¬i RbÅ lohG¯¨ wjµ¦ nq, Avi ‰GZ ZvG`i cÉfz nb ÞwZMÉÕ¦|

ivRv wek¼bv^ AekÅ ˆebvwg Lwi` KGi Pig fivWzwe ˆ^GK Rwg`vwiGK AvswkK iÞv KiGZ cÉqvm cvb| ‰fvGe wZwb bj`x I mvGZvi ciMbv«¼q Zuvi PvKi-evKiG`i bvGg wKGb ˆbb| ‰ ciMbv `ywU ˆ^GK ˆgvU Avq nGZv cÉvq 2 jvL UvKv| wK¯§ ˆ`bvi `vGq AeGkGl ‰ `ywUI ZuvGK wewò× KGi w`GZ nq| Zuvi w`w`gv ivbx fevbx wbR bvGg wZbwU MÉvg wKGb ˆbb| ‰àwj wQj n`v üGii cvov, Zid `wÞY ˆRvqvi ‰es gywkÆ`vev` ˆRjvi ü`v eovbMi| ‰àwji ˆgvU Rgv wQj 33,706 wmØv UvKv| ivbx fevbxi ò×Gqi mGã ‰ mKj ˆebvwg ò×q wgwjZ nGq ‰B BwZnvm cÉwm«¬ cwieviwUGK Pig `yMÆwZi nvZ ˆ^GK iÞv KGi| 1819 mvGj me wgwjGq Rwg`vwii m`i Rgv `uvovq 88,006 UvKv|

cÉvq mgMÉ AÓ¡v`k kZvõx RyGo ivRkvnx ivRcwievGii Dïvb NGU, ZGe ‰i cZbI ÷i‚ nq kZvõx ˆkl nIqvi AvGMB| cieZÆx kZvõxGZ cwieviwU ˆKvbò×Gg ‰i AwÕ¦Z½ wUwKGq ivGL| AeGkGl 1950 mvGji BÕ¡ ˆeãj ‰GÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AÅv´£ ˆUbvw´Ö AÅvÙ Abyhvqx ‰B Rwg`vwi wejyµ¦ nq| 

[‰.we.‰g gvngy` ‰es wmivRyj Bmjvg]

 

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