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‰B AvBGbi wewa Abyhvqx cÉPwjZ f„wgÕ¼Z½ eÅeÕ©vi AvIZvq f„Õ¼vgx, ivqZ ev ˆKvdÆv ivqGZi DcGii LvRbv Av`vqKvix I gaÅÕ¼Z½vwaKvix ‰es ivqZ ev ˆKvdÆv ivqGZi AeÕ©vb I AwaKvGii eÅvLÅv ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| f„wgi gvwjK wnGmGe ˆKvb eÅwî× Zvi `LGj mGeÆvœP KZ cwigvY Rwg ivLGZ cviGeb dÑvDW Kwgkb ˆm mÁ·GKÆ ˆKvb mycvwik KGib wb| BÕ¡ ˆeãj ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AÅv´£ ˆUbÅvw´Ö AÅvÙ-‰i weGkl aviv I wewa Abyhvqx ˆKvb f„Õ¼vgx ev f„wgi gvwjK, Rwg`vi, gaÅÕ¼Z½vwaKvix ev ivqZ Zvi `LGj ‰KkZ weNvi ˆewk Rwg ivLGZ cviGeb bv|

BÕ¡ ˆeãj ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AvBb evÕ¦evqb Kiv wQj ‰KwU `xNÆmƒòx eÅeÕ©v| AvBbwU cvk nIqvi ci, ‰i w«¼Zxq cwiGœQG` DwÍÏwLZ wewa Abyhvqx mivmwi f„wg AwaMÉnGYi eÅeÕ©v ÷i‚ Kiv nq| ‰B eÅeÕ©vbyhvqx eo eo Rwg`vwii gvwjKG`i LvRbv Av`vq Õ¼Z½ Av`vGqi KvMRcGòi Ici wfwî KGi miKvwi KvPvwii AvIZvq Avbv nGjv| ‰KB c«¬wZGZ ‘ˆKvUÆ Ae IqvWÆm’ «¼viv cwiPvwjZ Rwg`vwiàwjI ˆdiZ ˆbIqv nGjv| ‰B Rwg`vwiàwj miKvwi AvIZvq ˆKvUÆ Ae IqvWÆm AvBb 1879 Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ nGZv| ‰B cÉwò×qvq ˆgvU 443wU Rwg`vwi  hvi meÆGgvU evwlÆK Avq wQj Pvi ˆKvwU Pzqvîi jÞ mvZvk nvRvi `yBkZ mvZ UvKv, mivmwi AwaMÉnY Kiv nGjv| wK¯§ ‰me Rwg`vwii AaxGb ˆhme gaÅÕ¼Z½vwaKvix ev LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ wQj ˆmàwj ˆKvbiKg nÕ¦GÞc Qvov AvGMi AeÕ©vGbB iGq hvq|

ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AvBGb Rwg`vwi AwaMÉnGYi ˆÞGò cÉ^g evav AvGm, hLb ˆKvb ˆKvb Rwg`vi Dî× AvBGbi AvIZvq ZvG`i Rwg`vwiÕ¼Z½ AÅvGKvqvi Kivi wei‚G«¬ Õ©vbxq mveRR ˆKvGUÆ wmwfj myÅU `vwLj KGib| ZGe ‰ mKj wmwfj myÅGUi meàwjGZB wbÁ² Av`vjZ ‰es nvBGKvUÆ Dfq RvqMvGZB miKvGii cGÞ ivq ˆNvwlZ nq|

1952 mvGj miKvi wm«¬v¯¦ wbGjb ˆh, evGKiMé ˆRjvq (eZÆgvGb ewikvj) ‰es Lyjbvi my±`ieb ‰jvKvq, ˆhLvGb ˆiKWÆ Ae ivBUm ‰es gvc A͸w`b cƒGeÆB Av`vjZ KZƆK msGkvab Kiv nGqwQj, ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AvBGbi cçg cwiGœQ` Abyhvqx mgMÉ LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ AÅvGKvqvi Kiv nGe| ‰RbÅ AvBbZ cÉvcÅ ÞwZcƒiY AÅvGmmGg´Ÿ ˆivj ŠZwi mÁ·®² Kivi cÉGqvRb wQj| wbqwgZ ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AcvGikb meÆcÉ^g ÷i‚ nq ‰B ‰jvKvGZB| AvBb AbymvGi, cUzqvLvjx ˆRjvGZ 14 ‰wcÉj 1954, ZvwiL ˆ^GK LvmRwg Qvov mKj LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ AÅvGKvqvi Kiv nq| ‰KBfvGe, wcGivRcyi ‰es evGKiMé ˆRjvi e†nîi AsGk 14B ‰wcÉj 1956 ZvwiGL mgÕ¦ LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ (LvmRwg Qvov) AÅvGKvqvi Kiv nq|

12 AGÙvei 1955 ZvwiGL, miKvi XvjvIfvGe P„ov¯¦ wm«¬v¯¦ wbGjb ˆh ˆ`Gki AewkÓ¡ ˆRjvàwjGZ 15 ‰wcÉj 1956 ZvwiL ˆ^GK ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AvBGbi w«¼Zxq cwiGœQG` ewYÆZ wewa Abyhvqx mgÕ¦ LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ mivmwi AÅvGKvqvi Kiv nGe| ‰Uv AekÅB ‰KwU eo gvGci wm«¬v¯¦ wQj ‰es miKvi AWÆvi Rvwi KiGjb ˆh AwejGÁ¼ wcÉwjwgbvwi ˆi´Ÿ ˆivj ŠZwi KiGZ nGe| ‰i RbÅ ˆmB mgGq ˆiKWÆ Ae ivBUm ˆh AeÕ©vq wQj Zv mivmwifvGe hZ`ƒi mÁ¿e msGkvab ev AvcGWU KGi ‰es mKj Õ¦Gii LvRbv Av`vGqi KvMRcò ˆ`GL XvjvI AÅvKzBwRkGbi ZvwiGLi AeÅewnZ cƒGeÆi AeÕ©v cÉwZdwjZ KGi Qq gvGmi gGaÅ ‰gb ‰KwU ˆi´Ÿ-Givj ŠZwi KiGZ nGe, hvGZ miKvwi cÉkvmbh¯¨ meÆwbÁ² Õ¦Gi LvRbv cÉ`vbKvixG`i wbKU ˆ^GK LvRbv Av`vGq mÞg nq| mgMÉ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb cÉG`keÅvcx 14 ‰wcÉj 1956-‰i cƒeÆveÕ©vi Ici wfwî KGi ˆgvUvgywU ‰KUv wbfÆiGhvMÅ meÆwbÁ² Õ¦Gii cÉG`q LvRbvi ZvwjKv ŠZwi Kiv nq| wewf®² ˆRvb-‰ wbhyî× ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ AwdmviG`i RbÅ ‰wU ‰KwU KwVb KvR wQj; ZeyI Zviv KvRwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGqi gGaÅB mÁ·®² KGi ‰es mgMÉ cÉG`Gki RbÅ KvhÆKix cÉv^wgK LvRbv Av`vq ZvwjKv cÉYqGb mÞg nq| ‰B KvhÆò×g ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ AcvGikb (‰m.‰m AcvGikb) bvGg AwfwnZ nq|

miKvGii AekÅB evaÅevaKZv wQj mgÕ¦ LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ ‰es AwZwiî× LvmRwg AwaMÉnGYi RbÅ ÞwZcƒiY cÉ`vGbi| ZvB ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ AwdmviG`i Ici AwZwiî× `vwqZ½ eZÆvGjv, DcwÕ©Z wfGjR gÅvcàwj h^vmÁ¿e AcwiewZÆZ ˆiGL ˆiKWÆ msGkvabcƒeÆK ÞwZcƒiY wbaÆviY ZvwjKv cÉÕ§Z Kiv| evGKiMé ˆRjvq ˆh ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ AcvGikb PjwQj ZvGK XvjvI AcvGikGbi AvIZvq wbGq Avmv nq| Hw`GK wmGjU ˆRjvq cÉ^gevGii gGZv ˆh Rwic I ˆiKWÆ ŠZwii KvR PjwQj ZvGKI ‰m ‰m AcvGikGbi chÆvGq wbGq Avmv nGjv| ‰B KvRwUi DGókÅ ÷ay ÞwZcƒiY ZvwjKv cÉÕ§Z Kiv bq, fwelÅGZi LvRbv I ˆmm Av`vGqi myweavi RbÅ ‰KwU wbfÆiGhvMÅ wfwîI ŠZwi Kiv|

13 ‰wcÉj 1956 mvGj XvKv nvBGKvGUÆ miKvGii wei‚G«¬ 83wU wcwUkb ˆck Kiv nq| ‰GZ ejv nq ˆh miKvGii cƒGeÆvî× ˆbvwUwdGKkb, hvi eGj 14 ‰wcÉj 1956 ZvwiL ˆ^GK cÉG`Gki meÆcÉKvi Rwg`vwi I LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ cvBKvwifvGe AwaMÉnY Kiv nq, Zv wQj msweavGbi cwic¯©x| ‰i gGaÅ IqvK&d ‰GÕ¡GUi A¯¦MÆZ eGj `vweK‡Z mÁ·wî mÁ·GKÆ 14wU wcwUkb wQj| evwK 4wU wQj ˆ`Gevîi eGj `vweK‡Z mÁ·wî mÁ·GKÆ| ‰B mÁ·wîàwj evG` miKvi evwK mgÕ¦ LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ ‰es AiÞYGhvMÅ LvmRwg DcwiDî× ZvwiL ˆ^GK `Lj KGi ˆbq| 7 AvMÕ¡ 1956 ZvwiGL nvBGKvUÆ mgÕ¦ wiU wcwUkb wWmwgm KGi ˆ`q| 17 Ryb 1957 ZvwiGL ‰B ivGqi wei‚G«¬ mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆ Avwcj dvBj Kiv nq| ‰Bme AvwcjI wWmwgm nGq hvq| ZGe, ˆh mgÕ¦ ˆKm wQj IqvK&d I ˆ`Gevîi ˆÕ¡GUi LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ mÁ·wKÆZ, ˆmàwj gyjZwe ˆ^GK hvq| AekÅ miKvi ‰me LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼GZ½i AaxGb ˆh mgÕ¦ wbÁ²-Õ¼Z½ wQj Zv mgÕ¦B 2 ‰wcÉj 1956 ZvwiGLi ˆbvwUwdGKkGbi eivZ w`Gq AÅvGKvqvi KGi ˆbb ‰B eGj ˆh, H wbÁ²-Õ¼Z½mgƒn 2 ‰wcÉj 1956 ZvwiGLi AvIZvi A¯¦fzÆî×| ‰B mGã ‰KwU AwWÆbÅv´Ö Rvwi Kiv nGjv, hvi eGj IqvK&d ˆÕ¡GUi gyZvIqvwÍÏG`i ‰es ˆ`Gevîi ˆÕ¡GUi ˆmevBZG`i AbygwZ ˆ`Iqv ˆMj ˆh ZvG`i ˆÕ¡GUi A¯¦MÆZ hveZxq Õ¼Z½ (hv AÅvGKvqvi Kiv Õ¼Gî½I `Lj ˆbIqv nq wb) Zviv miKvGii cÉwZwbwa (‰GR´Ÿ) wnGmGe cwiPvjbv KiGZ ^vKGeb|

‰i gGaÅB AeÅvnZ ivLv nq ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AcvGikb P„ov¯¦ ÞwZcƒiY ZvwjKv ŠZwii KvR hv 1992 mvGji ˆkl bvMv` mÁ·®² nq| AekÅ evGKiMé ˆRjvi AwaKvsk Õ©vGb ‰es Lyjbv my±`ieb ‰jvKvq ÞwZcƒiY ZvwjKv BGZvgGaÅB ˆkl KGi ˆdjv nq ‰es 14 ‰wcÉj 1958 ZvwiL ˆ^GKB Zv KvhÆKix nq|

XvjvI ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb KvhÆò×Ggi AvIZvq mÁ·vw`Z f„wg msÕ•vi miKvGii Avw^ÆK AeÕ©vGbi ˆÞGò ‰K weGkl cwieZÆb AvGb| miKvGii f„wg AvGqi LvGZ nVvr KGiB ˆiwfwbD wWgÅv´£ mvGo bq ˆKvwU UvKv ˆeGo hvq, hvi gGaÅ cçvk jÞ UvKv wQj LvmRwg eG±`veÕ¦ ˆ`Iqvi mgq cÉvcÅ ˆmjvwg eve`| ‰Qvov ‰B f„wg msÕ•vGii dGj wZb jÞ ˆZZvwÍÏk nvRvi ‰Ki AiÞYGhvMÅ AwZwiî× LvmRwg miKvGii AvIZvq AwcÆZ nq| ‰B ARÆGbi Avw^ÆK gƒjÅ ZrKvjxb evRvi`i Abyhvqx AvbygvwbK 15 ˆKvwU UvKvq DcbxZ nq| XvjvI ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkGbi cƒGeÆ ZrKvjxb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi f„wgivRÕ¼ LvGZ evwlÆK wWgÅv´£ wQj 176 ˆKvwU UvKv| ZGe, mgÕ¦ LvRvbv-Av`vwq ‰es AwZwiî× LvmRwg AwaMÉnGYi dGj ˆ`q ÞwZcƒiGYi ˆgvU Aâ `uvovq 3,634 ˆKvwU UvKvq| ‰i gGaÅ, cuvPermi ˆgqvw` ‰K ÞwZcƒiY cÉ`vb cwiK͸bv Abyhvqx miKvi KZƆK cÉG`q A^Æ nq 1,918.6 ˆKvwU UvKv| ‰Z«¼ÅZxZ, bb-GiwmGW´Ÿ ÞwZcƒiY cÉvcKG`i bvGg wbaÆvwiZ ÞwZcƒiGYi UvKvi Aâ `uvovq 993.2 ˆKvwU hv eÐKW ‰KvD´Ÿ-‰i gvaÅGg cÉvcKG`i 40 ermi ˆgqvw` eG´£ cwiGkva Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbIqv nq|

DcwiDî× f„wg msÕ•vi KvhÆò×Ggi dGj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb ˆh AeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ nq Zv msGÞGc ejGZ ˆMGj, wbÁ²i…c:

K. f„wgeÅeÕ©vi meÆwbGÁ² AewÕ©Z ivqZ ev ˆKvdvÆ cÉRv (ˆh wbR nvGZ Rwg Pvl KGi) mivmwi miKvGii AaxGb Rwgi gvwjK (ˆhLvGb wbR bvGg Zvi Rwg ˆiKWÆ nGqGQ) wnGmGe Õ¼xK‡wZ jvf KGi; L. Rwg`vwi eÅeÕ©v weGjvGci ci bejº¬ D®²Z Õ¼Z½ ˆcGq Rwgi meÆwbÁ² chÆvGqi f„wgPvwliv Drcv`b e†w«¬i ˆÞGò bZzb Dóxcbv jvf KGi; M. mKj LvRbv Av`vqKvixi `LGj ˆhme AiÞYxq Lvm Rwg wQj, AwcÆZ mÁ·wî wnGmGe miKvGii AvIZvq Avmvq cÉvw¯¦K ev weînxb K‡lKG`i A^ev AbÅvbÅ ˆhvMÅ eÅwî×G`i gGaÅ Rwgi myÓ¤z I bÅvqmãZ weZiGYi myGhvM weÕ¦‡Z nq; N. f„wggvwjKvbv Õ¼GZ½i DcGii mxgvGiLv ˆeuGa ˆ`Iqvq f„wgmÁ·wîi ˆK±`Êxf„ZKiY cÉwò×qv iwnZ nq ‰es PvwlcÉRviv mivmwi miKvGii AaxGb PGj Avmvi dGj Zviv cƒGeÆi gGZv Rwg`viG`i ev ZvG`i KgÆPvixG`i AbÅvq AZÅvPvi I ˆeAvBwb `vwe ˆ^GK wbÓ•‡wZ cvq; ‰es O. meÆGkl chÆvGqi f„wgÕ¼GZ½ BRvivi bZzb Õ¼Z½ m†wÓ¡ Kiv wbwl«¬ nIqvq f„wgÕ¼GZ½i wewf®² Õ¦im†wÓ¡I wejyµ¦ nGq hvq|

f„wgi LwíZKiY cÉwò×qvGK ˆgvKvGejv Kivi RbÅ miKvi 1960 mvGj w`bvRcyi ˆRjvi `yBwU ^vbvq cixÞvgƒjKfvGe ‰KwU cvBjU cÉK͸ ÷i‚ KGib| 75 eMÆ gvBjeÅvcx 182wU MÉvGg 66,044wU LwZqvbfzî× 2,97,683wU µÏGU ‰B cixÞvgƒjK mgxÞv PvjvGbv nq| 1961 mvGji Ryb gvGmi w«¼Zxq mµ¦vGn ‰B mgxÞvi KvR ÷i‚ nq ‰es 1961 mGbi 30 Ryb Zv ˆkl nq| wK¯§ Õ©vbxq RbMY, weGkl KGi eMÆv`viiv ‰i ZxeË weGivwaZv KGi| ‰ KviGY cÉK͸wU mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc eÅ^Æ nq ‰es ˆkGl miKvi f„wg ‰KòxKiY cÉK͸wUGK AvBb KGi bvKP KGi ˆ`b| ‰B eÅvcviwU 1962 mGb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb f„wg ivRÕ¼ cÉkvmwbK Z`¯¦ KwgwU cixÞv KGi ‰es g¯¦eÅ KGi ˆh cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb ‰ aiGbi evaÅZvgƒjK ˆKvb f„wg ‰KòxKiY cÉGPÓ¡v ivqZ-cÉRvG`i wbKU MÉnYGhvMÅ nGe bv| ˆewkifvM ivqZ-cÉRvi cwievGii `LGj AwZA͸ cwigvY Rwg ^vKvq (hvG`i 75 fvMB RbvcÉwZ 3 ‰KGii wbGP Rwg ˆfvM KiwQj) ‰es DîivwaKvi AvBbcÉmƒZ f„wg wefî×KiY cÉwò×qvi dGj cÉwZwU µÏU AwZ Þz`Ë Þz`Ë LívsGk wefî× nIqvi KviGY f„wg ‰KòxKiY KgÆmƒwP ivqZ cÉRvG`i mvgvbÅ AbyK„GjI AvmGe wK bv Zv wbGq mG±`n wQj|

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ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AvBb «¼viv cÉ^Gg f„wgi wmwjs ˆeuGa ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj| AvBqye LvGbi gvkÆvj j’-‰i mgq (1958-69) ‰B wmwjs evwoGq cwievicÉwZ 100 weNv ˆ^GK 375 weNvq D®²xZ Kiv nq| wK¯§ cGi evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZvi ci, 1971 mvGj, ‰UvGK KwgGq cybivq cwievicÉwZ 100 weNvq bvwgGq Avbv nq| wK¯§ ‰KB AvBGb cÉ^g 25 weNv Rwgi RbÅ LvRbv ‰GKevGi gvd KGi ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj| iÞYGhvMÅ LvmRwgi Ea»Æmxgv mÁ¼G®¬ 1984 mvGj ‰KwU AwWÆbÅv´Ö Rvwi KGi wbG`Æk ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj ˆh, ˆhme cwievGii gvwjKvbvq 60 weNvi DcGi Rwg wQj, Zviv Avi Rwg wKbGZ ev AbÅGKvb DcvGq Rwg ARÆb KiGZ cviGe bv, ‰gbwK DîivwaKvimƒGòI bq| DîivwaKvimƒGò cÉvµ¦Rwg ‰B mxgv AwZò×g KiGjB Zv miKviGK mgcÆY KiGZ nGe, ‰i RbÅ wZwb ÞwZcƒiY cvGeb| ZGe ‰ mgGq hvG`i Rwg 100 weNv chƯ¦ wQj Zviv Rwgi gvwjKvbv ivLGZ cviGeb| ‰B AwWÆbÅvG´Öi AvIZvi ‰KwU weavb wQj ˆh, ˆh ˆKvb cwiwÕ©wZGZB eMÆvPvwlGK Zvi emZwfUv ˆ^GK DrLvZ Kiv PjGe bv, LvRbv Abv`vGqi bvwjGki RbÅI bq| ‰GZ eMÆv`viG`i Õ¼vG^Æi AbyK„Gj AviI wKQy weavb wQj| ‰GZ ejv wQj ˆh, eMÆvPvwlGK 5 ermGii RbÅ Pzwî× ˆ`Iqv ˆhGZ cviGe ‰es ‰B Pzwî× Abyhvqx hw` PvGli RbÅ eMÆv`vi wbGRi jvOj Mi‚, exR, ˆmGPi cvwb I mvi wbGRB ˆhvMvo KGi ZvnGj wZwb dmGji `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk cvGeb| wK¯§ ‰B DcKiYàwji (jvOj, Mi‚ eÅZxZ) LiP hw` Rwgi gvwjK enb KGib, ZvnGj wZwb dmGji `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk cvGeb| wK¯§ ‰B AvBGbi weavbàwj ‰LbI cyGivcywi KvhÆKi Kiv nq wb|

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