f„wg ˆiKWÆ mGiRwgGb Rwic AbywÓ¤Z nIqvi ci f„wg ˆiKWÆ ŠZwii cÉÕ§wZ AviÁ¿ nq| Lmov MÉvg (ˆgŒRv) gvbwPòB nGjv f„wg ˆiKGWÆi wfwî| ‰B ˆgŒRv gÅvc ev gvbwPò cÉYqbGK wKk&ZIqvi ejv nq| ‰B gvbwPò mvaviYZ 16 Bwç = 1 gvBj ˆÕ•Gj cÉYqb Kiv nq| cÉ^Gg ˆiKWÆ ŠZwii cÉwò×qv mÁ·®² Kiv nq cÉK‡Z AeÕ©v ˆ`wLGq µÏGUi ci µÏU wfwîGZ| ‰GK Lvbvcywi ejv nq| ‰GZ Rwgi gvwjKvbv, AvqZb, Rwgi ˆkÉYx, gvwjKvbvq Askx`vwii weeiY I AeÕ©v wjwce«¬ ^vGK| Avi ‰àwj Lmov bvGg ‰KwU ZvwjKvq ˆ`LvGbv nq|

wKk&ZIqvi I Lvbvcywii ˆMvUv KvhÆò×g 1885 mvGji eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGbi (1885 mvGji AvBb bs 8) weavb Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ nq| ‰B AvBGbi AaÅvq 10-‰ LwZqvb (records of rights) ŠZwii welq mÁ·GKÆ AvGjvPbv iGqGQ| ZGe cÉK‡ZcGÞ mGiRwgGb ˆh RwiGci wfwîGZ ˆgŒRv gÅvc cÉYxZ nGq ^vGK ˆm Rwic cwiPvjbv Kiv nq 1875 mvGji 5 bs Rwic AvBGb| ‰B AvBbwU AvRI ‰GÞGò wbG`ÆkK AvBb| LwZqvb ŠZwii ˆÞGò ‰Lb 1950 mvGji cƒeÆeãxq Rwg`vwi ZvjyK AwaMÉnY I cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb-‰i mvÁ·ÉwZK weavbàwj eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGbi weavbmgƒGni Õ©jvwfwlî× nGqGQ| ‰LvGb DGÍÏL Kiv AvekÅK, ˆ`keÅvcx wKk&ZIqvi RwiGci KvGRi AvGM meÆ`vB Avwo (traverse) Rwic KvhÆò×g cwiPvwjZ nGq ^vGK| f„wg ˆiKWÆ I Rwic cwi`µ¦Gii Avwo cvwUÆ ‰B Rwic KvR cwiPvjbv KGi| Avwo Rwic PjvKvGj AvwoKgÆx (traverser) Zvi gvVewn cÉÕ§Z KGi| ‰B ewnGZ ^vGK Zvi ˆbIqv mKj ˆKŒwYK I ŠiwLK cwigvcmgƒn| gvVewnwU MYbvgƒjK wnmvewbKvk I µÏUwkU ev KvVvGgv gÅvGci (skeleton map) mieivn cvIqvi RbÅ m`i `µ¦Gi cvVvGbv nq| ‰ici mGiRwgGb KvR wbfzÆj ˆ`Lv ˆMGj ˆPŒKv KvMGRi Ici Avwowe±`yàwj QKv nq| ‰B KvMRwUGK wc-70 bvGg AwfwnZ Kiv nq| ‰fvGe QKv KvMR ev wkU gvV KgÆKZÆvG`i KvGQ ˆdiZ cvVvGbv nq| ‰i cieZÆx chÆvGqi KvR nGjv, weÕ¦vwiZ AvKvGi 16 Bwç = 1 gvBj ˆÕ•Gj ˆgŒRv gÅvc ev bKkv ŠZwi| ‰wUB AvaywbK wKkZ&Iqvi RwiGci mƒPbv chÆvq| ‰B wKk&ZIqvwi KvR KGib RwicKvixiv A^ev KvbybGMvi Zî½veavGb AvwgbMY| KvbybGMviv mnKvix f„evmb ev eG±`veÕ¦ KgÆKZÆv I f„evmb KgÆKZÆvG`i (settlement officer) cÉZÅÞ Zî½veavGb KvR KGib| wmwbqi ‰‰mI-ˆ`iGK PvRÆ Awdmvi ejv nq| ‰iv mevB 1875 mvGji Rwic AvBbeGj ÞgZvcÉvµ¦|

RwiGci cieZÆx chÆvGqi bvg Lvbvcywi| ‰i AvÞwiK A^Æ LwZqvb (ROR) diGgi wewf®² Õ¦Á¿ cƒiY| evÕ¦weKcGÞ ‰ nGjv Lmov LwZqvb ŠZwii cÉÕ§wZi cÉ^g Õ¦i| ‰B chÆvGq, cÉwZwU cÉRvÕ¼GZ½i mvG^ eG±`veÕ¦avix cÉwZwU gvwjGKi RbÅ ‰KwU KGi c†^K LwZqvb ˆLvjv nq| LwZqvGb gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi ev Õ¼v^Æavix eÅwî× ev eÅwî×eGMÆi bvg, ZvG`i AsGki cwigvY, ghÆv`vMZ AeÕ©vb ev weGkl ˆKvb NUbv cÉRvÕ¼GZ½i mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ ^vKGj Zv wjwce«¬ ^vGK| mÁ·wKÆZ LvRbv Õ¦GÁ¿ cÉRv Zvi Ea»ÆZb gvwjKvbv Õ¼v^Æavix I ˆmBmvG^ Zvi AaÕ¦b cÉRv ev Õ¼v^ÆavixGK KZ LvRbv ˆ`q Zvi cwigvY wjwce«¬ ^vGK| Lvbvcywii mvG^ mvG^ cÉwZwU ˆRvGZi ev LwZqvGbi bvbv Dcvî Lmovq ˆhfvGe ^vGK ˆmàwj ‰es ‰KB DGóGkÅ ŠZwi Rb-c^vwaKvi (right of public easement) bKkv ˆ`Iqv ^vGK| ˆMvUv ˆgŒRv ev MÉvGgi Lvbvcywii KvR ˆkl nGj, wKk&ZIqvi gÅvc ev bKkv m`i `µ¦Gi (f„evmb `µ¦Gii AwakvLvq) cvwVGq ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰LvGb cÉwZwU µÏU ev f„wgLí ‰jvKvi D«¬‡wZi KvR Kiv nq|

Lvbvcywi KvGRi chÆvGq ŠZwi LwZqvbàwji mnKvix f„evmb (eG±`veÕ¦) KgÆKZÆvi wKk&ZIqvi Rwic ev KÅvWvÕ¡Ëvj mvGKÆj AwdGm bKGji KvR mÁ·v`b Kiv nq| ‰B bKjK‡Z LwZqvbàwj ciPv bvGg AwfwnZ| ‰àwj Rwgi cÉRv-Ea»ÆZb LvRbv Av`vq Õ¼v^ÆavixG`i gGaÅ wewj Kiv nq| BGZvgGaÅ Lmov ˆgŒRv gÅvc ŠZwi Kiv nq ‰es ˆKvevΟ KvwjGZ cvKv KGi ŠZwi KGi Zv mswkÏÓ¡ ‰jvKvi f„evmb (eG±`veÕ¦) KvbybGMvi KvGQ ˆdiZ cvVvGbv nq| cieZÆx chÆvGqi KvRGK ejv nq eyBnvivZ ev eySviZ| eyBnvivZ K^vwU ‰KwU dviwm kõ hvi A^Æ eÅvLÅv ev ˆevSvGbv| ‰i A¯¦wbÆwnZ aviYv nGjv, mswkÏÓ¡ cÉwZwU µÏU (f„wgLí) I LwZqvGbi mGiRwgGb ˆiKWÆK‡Z weÕ¦vwiZ weeiY mswkÏÓ¡ cÉRv ev Ea»ÆZb Õ¼v^ÆavixG`i KvGQ eÅvLÅv Kiv I ZvG`iGK aviYv ˆ`Iqv| KvbybGMv ev m`Ævi AvwgbMY (Ea»ÆZb RwicKvix) eyBnvivZ KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KGib| Zviv cÉwZwU RwgGZ mGiRwgGb hvb ‰es gÅvc I ˆiKWÆ cixÞv-hvPvB KGi fzj-ò×wU ^vKGj, cÉGqvRGb cÉRv I AbÅvbÅ Ea»ÆZb LvRbv Õ¼v^ÆavixG`i DcwÕ©wZGZ Zv msGkvab KGib| ‰B chÆvGq wZwb cÉwZwU LwZqvGbi RbÅ cÉG`q LvRbvi AâwU cÉv^wgKfvGe ˆiKWÆfzî× ev wjwce«¬ KGib, ZGe wZwb cÉRvÕ¼GZ½i ghÆv`v ev ‰i mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ weGkl NUbvewji ˆKvb weeiY wjwce«¬ KGib bv| Lvbvcywi wKsev eyBnvivZ PjvKvGj ˆKvb weGiva ˆ`Lv w`Gj ‰B chÆvGq ˆmmGei wbÓ·wî Kiv nq|

‰i cGii chÆvqwU nGjv Lmov ˆiKGWÆi Zmw`K| KvRwU KGib h^vÞgZvcÉvµ¦ ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆv hvi c`we Zmw`K KgÆKZÆv (attestation officer)| Zmw`GKi KvR nq ˆgŒRvwfwîGZ, weæwµ¦GZ cÉ`î ZvwiL Abyhvqx| mswkÏÓ¡ mKj cGÞi mÁÃyGL Lmov LwZqvGbi wjwce«¬ Z^Åàwj cGo ˆkvbvGbv nq| AvekÅK nGj, Zmw`K KgÆKZÆvi mxjGgvnihyî× AbyÕ¼vÞGi, cÉK‡Z msGkvabx Kiv nq| Zmw`K KvGji ‰i AvGM mvaviYZ weGiva mÁ·wKÆZ I AbÅvbÅ AvGe`b AvGm µÏU ev mswkÏÓ¡ f„wgLGíi cybtcwigvc MÉnGYi ev d`i-‰i RbÅ, ‰B Zmw`K chÆvGq ˆmàwji Ici ÷bvwb MÉnY Kivi ci Z`¯¦ò×Gg mswkÏÓ¡ eÅwî×G`i DcwÕ©wZGZ ˆmàwji wbÓ·wî Kiv nq| ‰ chÆvGq LwZqvb Z^v µÏU ev f„wgLGíi ‰Kxf„ZKiY ev wefvRGbi AvGe`bI weGePbv Kiv nq ‰es cÉwZwU AvGe`Gbi ài‚Z½ ˆmfvGeB wbÓ·wî Kiv nq| cÉwZwU ˆgŒRvi Lmov ˆiKWÆ Zmw`K mgvµ¦ nIqvi ci ˆKivwbi fzj wKsev cÉK‡Z fzj msGkvaGbi RbÅ ‰KwU mvaviY hvPvB-cixÞv Kiv nq ‰es ‰ici Dî× ˆgŒRv ˆiKWÆ AbƒÅb 30 w`Gbi RbÅ Lmov cÉKvkbv wnGmGe cÉKvk Kiv nq| ‰B mgGqi ˆgqvG` Lmov ˆiKGWÆ ˆKvb wjwce«¬ ZG^Åi welGq m¯§Ó¡ bv nGj wKsev H ˆiKGWÆ AbeavbZvekZ ˆKvb fzj NGU ^vKGj mswkÏÓ¡ eÅwî× wbaÆvwiZ diGg Zvi Avcwî `vwLj KiGZ cviGeb| ‰ welGq ÞgZvcÉvµ¦ mnKvix f„evmb (eG±`veÕ¦) KgÆKZÆv ‰me Avcwîi wbÓ·wî KGib| Lmov ˆiKGWÆ ˆKvb msGkvab ev i`e`j mnKvix f„evmb (eG±`veÕ¦) KgÆKZÆvi wm«¬v¯¦ò×Gg nGq ^vKGj ˆmàwjI H ˆiKWÆfzî× Kiv nq| 1885 mvGji eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGbi AvIZvq Avcwîi gvgjvq mnKvix f„evmb KgÆKZÆvi wm«¬vG¯¦i wei‚G«¬ ˆKvb Avwcj Kivi myGhvGMi weavb wQj bv| cGi AekÅ 1950 mvGji cƒeÆeãxq Rwg`vwi ZvjyK AwaMÉnY I cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGb ‰ aiGbi Avwcj AvGe`b `vGqi Kivi weavb msGhvRb Kiv nq| ‰B Avwcj AvGe`b gvgjvàwji ÷bvwb MÉnY KGib f„evmb (eG±`veÕ¦) KgÆKZÆv wbGR wKsev Zvi Ea»ÆZb PvRÆ AwdmviMY| ZvG`iGK ‰ welGq ÞgZv cÉ`vb Kiv nq|

ˆiKWÆ ŠZwi KvhÆKjvGci ˆh weeiY ˆ`Iqv nGjv Zvi mvG^, miKvi hw` ˆmgGZ weæwµ¦ ˆ`b, Rwgi LvRbv hywî×wm«¬KiGYi cÉwò×qvwUI 1950 mvGji cƒeÆeãxq Rwg`vwi ZvjyK AwaMÉnY I cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGbi AvIZvq hyî×fvGe AbywÓ¤Z nGZ cvGi| ‰fvGe hLb LvRbv hywî×wm«¬KiGYi KvRwU mÁ·®² nq ZLb bZzb KGi hywî×wm«¬K‡Z welqàwj Rwgi eZÆgvb LvRbvi cwieGZÆ ˆiKWÆfzî× Kiv nq|

DwÍÏwLZ cÉwò×qvàwj mÁ·®² nGj, ˆiKGWÆi P„ov¯¦ cixÞvi KvR nvGZ ˆbIqv nq| ‰ cÉwò×qv mvaviYZ P„ov¯¦ hvP (hvPvB) wnGmGe cwiwPZ| ‰fvGe ˆh LwZqvb cvIqv hvq Zv mvaviGYi ˆ`Lvi RbÅ P„ov¯¦ chÆvGq cÉKvk Kiv nq| ‰B ˆiKGWÆ avivevwnK KZàwj bÁ¼i ˆ`Iqv LwZqvb (wbw`ÆÓ¡ diGg ‰àwj cÉYxZ nq) mw®²GewkZ ^vGK Avi ‰B bÁ¼iàwj ˆbIqv nq Lvbvcywi KvR ˆ^GK| ‰fvGe avivevwnK ˆh LwZqvbàwj ŠZwi Kiv nq I P„ov¯¦fvGe cÉKvk Kiv nq ZviB bvg LwZqvb (ROR)| ‰B LwZqvb cGi mvaviYZ wewf®² evjvg eBGqi AvKvGi QvwcGq Zv msiÞGYi RbÅ KvGjÙGiGUi ˆiKWÆi‚Gg cvVvGbv nq| ‰B QvcvGbv ˆiKGWÆi ˆLvjv Abywjwc cÉRv I Rwg`viG`i (Ea»ÆZb LvRbv Õ¼v^Æavixi) gGaÅ wewj Kiv nq|

16 Bwç = 1 gvBj ˆÕ•Gj ŠZwi ˆgŒRv gÅvcàwj LwZqvGbi AskweGkl| ‰àwjI gyw`ËZ Kiv nq I wewj Kivi RbÅ ˆmme KvGjÙGiGU cvVvGbv nGq ^vGK| f„wg ˆiKWÆ I Rwic cwi`µ¦Gi dGUvMÉvwdK hG¯¨i mvnvGhÅ MÉvg ev ˆgŒRv gÅvcàwjGK 4 Bwç = 1 gvBj I 2 Bwç = 1 gvBj ˆÕ•Gj ˆQvU KGi ˆdjv nq I cGi ‰B `yB AvbycvwZK AvKvGii gÅvcGK wgwjGq 1 Bwç = 1 gvBj ^vbv ‰LwZqvi ‰jvKvi gÅvc ŠZwi Kiv nq| 1 Bwç = 4 gvBj ˆÕ•Gji ˆRjv gÅvc I DwÍÏwLZ wZb ˆmU gÅvc mvaviYZ cÉkvmwbK DGóGkÅ eÅen…Z nGq ^vGK|

f„evmb (eG±`veÕ¦) `µ¦Gii QvcvLvbvq LwZqvb gy`ËGYi welqwU AZů¦ `xNÆ mgqmvGcÞ welq wQj| ‰GZ wecyj KvR RGg DVZ I ZvGZ ài‚Zi mgmÅviI m†wÓ¡ nGZv| ‰ mgmÅv ˆgvKvGejvi RbÅ 1988 mvGji ˆdeË‚qvwiGZ miKvi ‰KwU mgxÞv ÷i‚ Kivb| ‰ mgxÞvi KvR wQj KwÁ·DUvi cÉhywî×i mvnvGhÅ gy`ËY c«¬wZ mgmÅvi ˆKvb mgvavb w`GZ cvGi wK-bv Zv LwZGq ˆ`Lv| dvI/ BD‰bwWwc mvnvhÅcyÓ¡ cÉKG͸i AvIZvq ‰ mgxÞv KvR ÷i‚ nq| eZÆgvGb ‰ welGq ‰KwU mwVK mgvavb cvIqvi RbÅ KGqKwU cvBjU cÉKG͸i KvR PjGQ|

weÕ¦vwiZfvGe LwZqvb ˆiKWÆ ŠZwii cGiI eZÆgvb AvBGbi `†wÓ¡GZ Zvi ˆKej Abygvb gƒjÅB (presumptive value) AvGQ| ˆ`Iqvwb Av`vjGZ ˆKvb gvgjvq ‰ ˆiKWÆ AÕ¼xKvi bv Kiv nGjB ÷ay ˆiKWÆ mwVK eGj aGi ˆbIqv nq|

f„wg Rwic I f„wg ˆiKWÆ ŠZwii KvR ˆRjvIqvwi wfwîGZ wek kZGKi cÉ^g w`GK nvGZ ˆbIqv nq| cÉavbZ ivRÕ¼ cÉkvmGbi RbÅ Rwic I f„wg eG±`veÕ¦ KvhÆò×g bvGg cwiwPZ ˆRjvwfwîK ‰B KvhÆò×g ÷i‚ nGqwQj| ZrKvjxb evsjvi Dîi-cƒeÆvçGj cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg Qvov ˆMvUv Awefî× evsjvi ‰B Rwic I f„wg eG±`veÕ¦ KvhÆò×g ‰Lb mÁ·ƒYÆ nGqGQ| cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi cvnvwo ‰jvKvi Awaevmxi cÉvq mKGjB wewf®² DcRvZxq mÁ·É`vGqi ˆjvK| RwgGZ ZvG`i AwaKvi I `vq`vwqZ½ 1900 mvGji cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg cÉweavb «¼viv wbqw¯¨Z| 1885 mvGji eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGbi AvIZvq cÉ^g Rwic I f„wg eG±`veÕ¦ KvhÆò×g nvGZ ˆbIqv nq PëMÉvg ˆRjvq| 1885-98 ˆgqvG` ‰ KvR mÁ·ƒYÆ KGib ZrKvjxb f„evmb (eG±`veÕ¦) KgÆKZÆv wm.wR. ‰BP AÅvGjb| cÉvq ‰KB mgGq AvGiKwU ‰ aiGbi ˆQvU KvhÆò×g mÁ·®² nq wòcyivi gnvivRvG`i PvKjv iIkbvev` ZvjyGK| ‰B PvKjv iIkbvev` wQj weËwUk wòcyiv I ˆbvqvLvjx ˆRjvq ‰K Avav-Õ¼vaxb ZvjyK| gnvivRvG`i cÉkvmwbK m`i `µ¦i wQj AvMiZjvq, Avi weËwUk wòcyivi cÉkvmwbK m`i `µ¦i wQj KzwgÍÏvq| f„evmb (eG±`veÕ¦) KgÆKZÆv ˆRwR Kzwgs-‰i AaxGb PvKjv-iIkbvev` ZvjyGKi Rwic I f„evmb KvhÆò×g 1892-99 ˆgqvG` mÁ·ƒYÆ nq| ‰icGi ˆh ˆRjvq KvhÆò×gwU MÉnY Kiv nq ˆmwU wQj `wÞYvçjxq evGKiMé| ˆMvUv ˆRjvq Dî× KvhÆò×g 1901 mvGj MÉnY Kiv nq| f„evmb KgÆKZÆv ‰gwW weUmb ˆej KvhÆò×gwU cwiPvjbv KGib| ‰fvGe ZrKvjxb ˆMvUv evsjv cÉG`Gk f„wg eG±`veÕ¦ KvhÆò×Ggi cÉ^g PGò×i KvR mgvµ¦ nq 1934-40 ˆgqvG`|  [Zdväj üGmb]