f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv  1952-56 mvGj evsjvG`Gk Rwg`vwi cÉ^v DGœQG`i AvGM cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbvi KvR eZÆgvGbi Zzjbvq wQj mxwgZ| ZLb ‰B LvGZ miKvGii KvR wQj Rwg`vGii wbKU ˆ^GK ivRÕ¼ Av`vq Kiv| ‰B ivRGÕ¼i cwigvY cÉGZÅK Rwg`vGii RbÅ Õ©vqx f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv AvBb Abyhvqx wbw`ÆÓ¡ Kiv wQj| ˆh mgÕ¦ ‰jvKv wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i AvIZvq wQj bv, ˆmLvGbI chÆvqò×Gg ivRÕ¼ wÕ©i KGi ˆ`Iqv nGZv| ‰Qvov, miKvGii AaxGb cÉPzi LvmRwg wQj, hvi wKQy Ask AvmZ mgy`Ë ev eo eo b`xi ZjG`k ˆ^GK cqwÕ¦ nGq bZzb ˆRGM IVv Pif„wg AvKvGi ‰es Aci wKQy Ask wQj ˆKvUÆ Ae IqvWÆm-‰i A¯¦MÆZ Rwg`vwiàwji wbRÕ¼ LvmRwg| ‰Bme LvmRwg ˆKvUÆ Ae IqvWÆm AvBGbi AvIZvq miKvi KZƆK wbGqvwRZ I wbqw¯¨Z gÅvGbRvi ev ‰GR´Ÿ «¼viv cwiPvwjZ nGZv| ‰i DcGi AviI ˆekwKQy f„wgwfwîK cÉK͸ I ˆijIGqi RbÅ AwaMÉnY Kiv ˆ`Gki meÆò weÕ¦vwiZ weivU f„wg ‰jvKv miKvGii wbq¯¨GY wQj| ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBGRkb AvBGb ˆh mgÕ¦ Rwg`vi, ˆRvZ`vi ev f„wg gvwjKG`i cwievicÉwZ 100 weNvi ˆewk AiÞYxq LvmRwg wQj ˆmme Rwg miKvGii Lvm LwZqvGb PGj AvGm| ‰Z«¼ÅZxZ UÇvÕ¡, ˆ`Gevîi I IqvK&d mÁcwîi Lvm Rwgmgƒn miKvi wbqw¯¨Z UÇvwÕ¡ ev gÅvGbRvi, ˆmevBZ I gyZvIqvwÍÏG`i «¼viv cwiPvwjZ nGZv| mGeÆvcwi 1947 mvGj ˆ`k wefvGMi dGj cƒGeÆi gvwjK KZƆK cwiZÅî× f„mÁcwî I `vjvbGKvVv miKvGii eÅeÕ©vcbvi AvIZvq PGj AvGm| cÉ^Gg ‰àwji bvg ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj cwiZÅî× ev BfvKzwq mÁcwî, 1965 mvGji cvwKÕ¦vb-fviZ hyG«¬i mgGq ‰B mÁcwî cwiYZ nq kò× mÁcwîGZ ‰es meÆGkGl gywî×hyG«¬i cGi evsjvG`Gk ‰àwji bvg nq ˆfGÕ¡W (AwcÆZ) mÁcwî| ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBGRkb AvBb «¼viv mgMÉ ˆ`Gk Rwg`vwi DGœQG`i cƒeÆchƯ¦ miKvGii Lvmgnj wWcvUÆGg´Ÿ ÷ay f„wgivRÕ¼ Av`vq ‰es KvGjÙGii Lvm LwZqvGbi ‰LwZqvifzî× mgÕ¦ LvmRwg eÅeÕ©vcbvi `vwqGZ½ wbGqvwRZ wQj| ejv ˆhGZ cvGi, miKvGii f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbvi KvR ‰i gGaÅB mxgve«¬ wQj|

wK¯§ cieZÆxGZ wewf®² my`ƒicÉmvix NUbvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ, miKvGii f„wg-msò×v¯¦ KvR weÕ¦‡wZ jvf KGi| mviv cÉG`keÅvcx Rwg`vwi, gaÅÕ¼Z½vwaKvi I meÆcÉKvi LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼Z½ weGjvGci dGj ivRÕ¼ cÉ`vbKvix Rwg`vi I LvRbv Av`vqKvix wewf®² gaÅÕ¼GZ½i gvwjKMGYi e`Gj AmsLÅ f„wgPvlKvix ivqZ-cÉRv cÉZÅÞfvGe miKvGii AaxGb PGj AvGm| Rwg`vi, gaÅÕ¼Z½vwaKvix I eo ˆRvZ`viG`i wbR `LGj AiÞYGhvMÅ ˆhme Lvm Rwg wQj ˆmàwjI miKvGi wbq¯¨GY ˆbIqv nq| ZvQvov me nvUevRvi, ebf„wg, evMvb, Afů¦ixY Rjgnvj, b`x cvivcvGii ˆdwi, Pv evMvb, eo eo mgevqwfwîK Lvgvi miKvGii KvGQ AwcÆZ nq ‰es ‰i mvG^ mvG^ ‰Bme mÁcwîi h^vGhvMÅ eÅeÕ©vcbvi `vwqZ½I miKvGii Ici eZÆvq|

cƒeÆeZÆx mgGq ˆh f„wgeÅeÕ©v wQj, Zvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ Rwg`viMY ‰es eo eo gaÅÕ¼Z½vwaKvixiv mgvGRi kxlÆÕ©vGb AeÕ©vb KiZ, A^P jvOGji wcQGb ˆ^GK ˆhme gvbyl nvj Pvl KiZ ‰es RbMGYi RbÅ Lv`Å Drcv`b KiZ, Zviv wQj mgvGRi meÆwbÁ² wmuwoGZ| ‰i dGj, cÍÏx AçGj ‰gb ‰KwU eÅeÕ©vi m†wÓ¡ nGqwQj hvGZ meÆwbÁ² Õ¦Gii ˆjvGKiv wbGRG`i fvMÅwbq¯¨GY ZvG`i Rwg`vi ev gaÅÕ¼Z½vwaKvixG`i ˆKvb mnvqZv ˆcZ bv, hw`I ‰G`iB gvbweK `vwqZ½ wQj cÉRvmvaviGYi fvMÅMVGb mnvqZv`vb Kiv| gaÅÕ¼Z½vwaKvi I ˆQvU ˆQvU LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼GZ½i ‰i…c weÕ¦vi NGUwQj gaÅweî ˆkÉYxi eÅvcK cÉmvGii dGj| ‰GZ mgvRkxGlÆ AeÕ©vbKvix Rwg`vi ‰es wbÁ²avGci cÉRvG`i gGaÅ ‰K weivU eÅeavGbi m†wÓ¡ nq ‰es ‰B `yB ˆkÉYxi gGaÅ mivmwi ˆhvMvGhvM ‰GKevGi wewœQ®² nGq hvq| AeÕ©v ‰gb `uvovq ˆh, ˆh f„wgKlÆY «¼viv mKGji Lv`Å Drcv`b nq, ˆmB f„wgiB D®²qb ˆMŒY nGq cGo ‰es ‰B eÅvcvGi, bv Rwg`vi bv Pvwl KvGiviB `vwqZ½Geva ^vGK bv| dGj, f„wgPvGli gvaÅGg Lv`Å D®²qGbi cÉGqvRGb h^vh^ cwigvY A^Æ I DcKiGYi Afve ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ‰es AwbevhÆfvGe Pvwliv MÉvgÅ jw™²KvixG`i `qvi cvò nGq cGo, hviv myGhvM eyGS AwZ DœPnvGi FY`vb Kiv ÷i‚ KGi| AvmGj, Rwg`vwi DGœQG`i gƒj DGókÅ wQj, Rwg`vwi I mgÕ¦ LvRbv-Av`vwq Õ¼GZ½i weGjvGci mGã mGã mswkÏÓ¡ eÅwî×GK ÞwZcƒiY cÉ`vb ‰es Pvwl, ivqZG`i I miKvGii gGaÅ ‰KwU cÉZÅÞ mÁcGKÆi m†wÓ¡ Kiv| wK¯§ ‰B DGókÅ mdj nIqvi cwieGZÆ ˆh cwiwÕ©wZi D«¿e nq, Zvi djÕ¼i…c f„wg-AvkÉqx gaÅweî mgvR Þq ˆcGZ ^vGK ‰es ˆmB RvqMvq m†wÓ¡ nGZ ^vGK Þz`Ë I cÉvw¯¦K Pvwl Avi weivU ‰K f„wgnxb PvwlGMvÓ¤x I eMÆPvwl ˆkÉYx| f„wgnxb eMÆvPvwl ZvG`iB Rwg Pvl KGi, hviv wbGR Pvl KGib bv ev AbÅò emevm KGib| eMÆvPvwliv cÉvqk f„wgi gvwjK bb| cÍÏx AçGji e†nr f„wgnxb RbGMvÓ¤xi Ask wnGmGe ‰B ˆkÉYxi RbÅB ‰KwU myÓ¤z f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbvi cÉGqvRb wQj|

1951 mvGji ˆÕ¡U AÅvKzBwRkb AvBGbi weavb Abyhvqx ˆKvb eÅwî× ev cwievGii Zvi wbR `LGj ivLv Rwgi mGeÆvœP cwigvY wQj ‰KkZ weNv (1 weNv= 33 kZvsk)| cieZÆxGZ 1958 mvGj AvBqye LvGbi gvkÆvj j’ AvgGj, ZrKvjxb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb f„wgivRÕ¼ KwgkGbi mycvwik AbymvGi ‰B mxgv 375 weNvq D®²xZ Kiv nq| nqGZv, AvBqye cÉewZÆZ ‘Z^vKw^Z ˆgŒwjK MYZ¯¨’ eÅeÕ©vi mvG^ mvgémÅ ˆiGL ‰KwU MÉvgÅ gaÅweî RbGMvÓ¤xi wfwîGK `†pZi Kivi cÉGqvRGb ‰B f„wgwmwjs e†w«¬ Kiv nq| ‰B mxgv Avevi 1971-cieZÆxGZ 100 weNvq bvwgGq Avbv nq| 1984 mvGji be cÉewZÆZ widgÆm AwWÆbÅv´Ö Abyhvqx ˆh ˆKvb eÅwî× ev Zvi cwievGii gvwjKvbvq 60 weNv chƯ¦ Rwg ˆiKWÆ Kiv ^vKGj, Zviv bZzb ˆKvb f„mÁcwî evovGZ cviGeb bv, ‰gbwK, DîivwaKvimƒGò AwRÆZ nGjI AwZwiî× cwigvY Rwg ˆQGo w`GZ nGe ‰es Zvi cwieGZÆ ÞwZcƒiY cvGeb| 1984 mvGj f„wg cÉkvmGbi D®²wZKG͸ AviI `ywU AvBb cvk nq| ‰àwj nGjv, jÅv´£ widgÆm ˆevWÆ AÅvÙ I jÅv´£ Avwcj ˆevWÆ AÅvÙ| ‰B `yGUv AvBb cÉYqGbi gvaÅGg f„wg cÉkvmb I f„wg Avwcj ˆÞGò f„wg g¯¨YvjGqi AaxGb `ywU kxlÆ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰KwUi jÞÅ nGœQ f„wg cÉkvmbGK AviI kwî×kvjx Kiv ‰es AbÅwUi KvR nGœQ f„wg AvBb mÁcwKÆZ Avwcj I cybweÆGePbv ev msGkvabx gvgjvàwji `Ë‚Z wbÓcwî mvab| AwaK¯§ ˆRjv I Zdwkj chÆvGq mKj ivRÕ¼ KgÆPvixG`iGK DchÆyî× `ywU kxlÆ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi wbKU `vqe«¬ Kivi weavb Pvjy Kiv nq|

eZÆgvGbi aviYv Abyhvqx, f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbvi gƒj KvR ÷ay LvRbv Av`vGq mxgve«¬ bq| LvRbvGK bZzb AvBGbi fvlvq ejv nq jÅv´£ ˆWGfjcGg´Ÿ UÅvÝ ev f„wg D®²qb Ki| f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbvi AvIZvq cÉK‡Z KvR nGœQ ivqZ cÉRvG`i bvGg ˆiKWÆK‡Z f„wgi h^vixwZ nvjbvMv` Kiv, miKvGii wbR gvwjKvbvq weÕ¦‡Z Pif„wgmn mgÕ¦ Lvm Rwgi myÓ¤z eG±`veÕ¦ ˆ`Iqv ‰es cÉRvG`i f„wg wkKwÕ¦i KviGY Rgvi KgGewk cwieZÆb mvab Kiv, f„wgnxb ev cÉvw¯¦K K‡lKG`i PvGli D®²qb cÉGqvRGb bvbvwea DcKiY, h^v ˆmPeÅeÕ©v, D®²Z exR, mvi weZiGYi myeÅeÕ©v ‰es eÅvsK ˆ^GK Avw^ÆK mvnvGhÅi ev K‡wlFGYi eÅeÕ©v Kiv| ‰Qvov, LvRbv evwK coGj Zv Av÷ Av`vGqi eÅeÕ©v ˆbIqv f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbvi ‰KwU weGkl KZÆeÅ|

meÆchÆvGqi ivRÕ¼ KgÆPvixG`i wbqwgZ cÉwkÞGYi eÅeÕ©v ‰es ‰G`i Š`bw±`b KvhÆKjvGci cÉwZwbqZ chÆGeÞY  ‰B `ywU welq wbwøZ Kiv AwZ Ri‚wi| ivRÕ¼ AwdGm ˆh ˆiKWÆ, gÅvc ev LwZqvb ivLv nq, Zvi mveÆÞwYK msGkvaGbi gvaÅGg ZvGK nvjbvMv` KGi ivLv AcwinvhÆ| KviY Rwgi gvwjKvbv Õ¼GZ½i bvbv aiGbi cwieZÆb AbeiZ NUGQ, Rwgi ò×q-weò×q eÅeÕ©vcbvmƒGò ev DîivwaKvimƒGò gvwjKvbv e`j, e®¬K cÉ`vb ev gvwjKG`i wbGRG`i gGaÅ e¥Ÿbbvgvi gvaÅGg gvwjKvbv Õ¼GZ½i cwieZÆb BZÅvw` Õ©vbxq ˆiwRÕ¡ËvGii `µ¦Gi `wjj gvidr mÁcvw`Z nGq ^vGK| ‰me `wjj mÁcv`Gbi mGã mGã Znwmj AwdGm cÉGZÅKwUi RbÅ ‰KwU KGi wdwiwÕ¦ AvGm ‰es Zvi Ici wfwî KGi Znwmj AwdGmi ˆiKWÆ msGkvab Kivi Av÷ eÅeÕ©v ^vKvi cÉGqvRbxqZv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ZnwmGji ˆiKWÆ wVKgZ ivLGZ nGj f„wg Rwic wefvGMi `vwqZ½ nGe mGiRwgGbi AeÕ©vb gvwdK gvGS gvGS f„wg ˆiKWÆ I gvcGK bZzbfvGe wbgÆvY ev msGkvab Kiv| weGklZ, ˆhLvGb eo eo b`xZxGii w`qviv ‰jvKvq, gÅvc I ˆiKWÆ bZzbfvGeB wbgÆvGYi cÉGqvRb ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| eZÆgvGb Avcwî I AvwcGji wbÓcwîi gvaÅGg ˆiKWÆ msGkvaGbi eÅeÕ©v ^vKvq ˆiKGWÆi ÷«¬Zv MÉnYGhvMÅ chÆvGq AvGQ| AekÅ, ˆhLvGb eo K‡lGKi f„wg wewf®² MÉvGg weÕ¦‡Z ^vGK, ˆmLvGb cÉwZwU Rwgi iKg, ‰wiqv ‰es AbÅvbÅ cÉGqvRbxq Z^Åvw`mn ^vbvwfwîK ‰B gvwjKvbv ‰KwòZ Kivi ˆPÓ¡v Kiv nq|

ivRÕ¼ AwdGmi meÆwbÁ² chÆvGq ˆh `dZi AvGQ, Zvi bvg Znwmj Awdm| Znwmj`viG`i Š`bw±`b KvhÆKjvGci Z`viwK whwb KGib Zvi bvg nGœQ mnKvix f„wg Kwgkbvi| ‰LvGb cvewjK wWgÅv´£ wiKfvwi AÅvGÙi weavb Abyhvqx eGKqv LvRbv Av`vGqi RbÅ ˆhme mvwUÆwdGKU BmyÅ Kiv nq ˆmàwji ÷bvwb ˆ`b mnKvix Kwgkbvi| mveGiwRwÕ¡Ë AwdGm ò×q, weò×q, e®¬K BZÅvw` welGq f„wg-msò×v¯¦ ˆhme `wjj mÁ·v`b nq, ˆmàwji wfwîGZ Znwmj AwdGm wgDGUkb Kiv nq ‰es ‰àwjiI ÷bvwb ˆ`b mnKvix Kwgkbvi| wgDGUkb nIqvi ci ˆmB wfwîGZ Znwmj ˆiKWÆ msGkvab KiGZ nq| Znwmj AwdGm miKvwi LvmRwgi ‰KwU cwicƒYÆ I wbfzÆj ZvwjKv ^vKv cÉGqvRb| ‰B AwdmGKB wbwøZ KiGZ nGe f„wgi gvwjKvbvi DœP mxgvi evBGi Kvi gvwjKvbvq KZ cwigvY AiÞYxq LvmRwg AvGQ Zvi bw^e«¬KiGYi `vwqZ½| ‰QvovI eGKqv LvRbvi RbÅ mgqgGZv cvewjK wWgv´£m wiKfvwi AÅvÙ-‰i weavb Abyhvqx mvwUÆwdGKU ˆKm i‚Ry KiGZ nGe, hvGZ KGi ‰B ˆKmàwj Dchyî× mgGqi gGaÅ mnKvix f„wg Kwgkbvi wbÓ·wî KiGZ cvGib| wK¯§ Znwmj`vi ‰me KvGRi ˆK±`Êwe±`y weavq, ZvGK wbqwgZ wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGqi wecixGZ hG^vchyî× cÉwkÞGYi ˆcÉvMÉvGg AvbGZ nGe|

f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbvi D®²qbGÞGò miKvGii cÞ ˆ^GK wKQy msÕ•vigyLx c`GÞc M†nxZ nGqGQ| ‰B DGóGkÅ MZ KGqK eQGi miKvi KGqKwU cvBjU cÉGRÙ nvGZ wbGqGQ| ‰i gGaÅ ‰KwU nGjv f„wg ˆiKWÆ msGkvab I f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbvi AvaywbKxKiY msò×v¯¦| ZGe ‰i ˆewki fvM KvRB ‰LbI cixÞv-wbixÞvi chÆvGq iGqGQ| f„wg cÉkvmb ‰es f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv cÉmGã `yB-‰KwU mycvwik cvewjK AÅvWwgwbGÕ¡Ëkb widgÆm KwgkGbi cÞ ˆ^GK miKvGii KvGQ cvVvGbv nGqGQ| ‰i ‰KwU nGjv f„wggvwjKvbv mvwUÆwdGKU mÁ¼G®¬| ‰wUi cÉavb ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv, wbKU fwelÅGZ f„wgi gvwjKvbv wbaÆvwiZ nGe µÏU ev `vM wfwîGZ ‰es ‰B DGóGkÅ f„wg ˆiKWÆ I Rwic wefvM mgMÉ ˆ`Gk `vMwfwîK ˆiKWÆ wbgÆvY ev msGkvab KiGe| ‰Kevi ‰Uv nGq ˆMGj gvwjKvbvi Š`bw±`b cwieZÆbmgƒn mnKvix f„wg Kwgkbvi AwdGmB mÁ·vw`Z nGe| cÉviwÁ¿KfvGe, mnKvix f„wg Kwgkbvi cÉwZwU µÏGUi gvwjKGK gvwjKvbv mvwUÆwdGKU cÉ`vb KiGeb ‰es ‰i cieZÆxGZ mve-ˆiwRÕ¡Ëvi AwdGmi `wjGji wfwîGZ Dî× mvwUÆwdGKU cÉGqvRbxq msGkvab A¯¦fzÆî× KGi wbR Õ¼vÞi «¼viv cÉZÅwqZ KiGeb| mycvwikwU KvhÆKi KiGZ eü mgGqi cÉGqvRb| ZvQvov ˆ`Gki 68,000 MÉvGg meÆò weivwRZ AmsLÅ `vGMi wfZi ‰K-‰KwU `vM ‰Z Þz`ËvKvGi LwíZ ˆh ‰ KvRwU AvG`Œ evÕ¦evqb Kiv mÁ¿e nGe wK-bv Zv wbGq hG^Ó¡ mG±`n AvGQ|  [Zdväj ˆnvGmb]