ভিম পশাসন

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f„wgivRÕ¼ Av`vq ‰es f„wgivRÕ¼ mswkÏÓ¡ welqvw`i cÉkvmGb KvGjÙiG`i KvhÆvewj wbq¯¨Y I Z`viK Kivi RbÅ weËwUk kvmb AvgGj 1772 wLËÓ¡vGõ ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbD bvGg ‰KwU msÕ©v cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv nq| 1850 mvGji ˆeãj ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbD AÅvGÙi AvIZvq ‰B ˆevWÆ cybMÆVb Kiv nq| 1913 mvGji ˆeãj ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbD AÅvÙ «¼viv Zv meÆGkl cybMÆVb Kiv nq|

cvwKÕ¦vb kvmb AvgGj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb cÉvG`wkK miKvGii AaxGb ˆiwfwbD wWcvUÆGg´Ÿ bvGg ‰KwU wWcvUÆGg´Ÿ m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq| ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbD ‰es Zvi AaxbÕ© Awdmmgƒn ‰B wWcvUÆGgG´Ÿi cÉkvmwbK wbq¯¨GY bÅÕ¦ Kiv nq| ˆK±`Êxq miKvGii mwPe ghÆv`vmÁ·®² 3 ev 4 Rb m`mÅ mg¯¼Gq ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbD MwVZ nGZv| m`mÅG`i gGaÅ ‰KRbGK wmwbqi m`mÅ ejv nGZv| KvGjÙiGK Zvi KvGR mnvqZv Kivi RbÅ cÉwZ ˆRjvq ‰KwU AwZwiî× ev hy™Â KvGjÙi (ivRÕ¼) ‰es ‰KwU ˆiwfwbD ˆWcywU KvGjÙGii c`, cÉwZ gnKzgvi RbÅ ‰KwU KGi gnKzgv gÅvGbRvGii c` ‰es cÉwZ ^vbvi RbÅ ‰KwU KGi mvGKÆj AwdmvGii c` m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq| mvaviYZ `ywU BDwbqb wbGq MwVZ cÉwZwU ZnwmGji RbÅ ‰KRb KGi Znwmj`vi wbGqvM Kiv nq ‰es Zvi mvnvhÅKvix wnGmGe ‰K ev `yB Rb mnKvix Znwmj`vi wbhyî× Kiv nq|

ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbDi KvhÆvewji gGaÅ A¯¦fÆyî× wQj cwiPvjK, f„wg ˆiKWÆ I Rwic-‰i Aaxb ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ AcvGikb Zî½veavb Kiv, fviZ ‰es cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi mxgv¯¦ ˆRjvmgƒGni gGaÅ Av¯¦RÆvwZK mxgvbv wPwn×ZKiY cwiexÞY Kiv, wefvMxq Kwgkbvi, ˆRjv cÉkvmK, AwZwiî× ˆRjv cÉkvmK (ivRÕ¼) ‰es AbÅvbÅ KgÆKZÆvG`i gvaÅGg f„wg cÉkvmb I f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv Z`viK Kiv, f„wg msÕ•vi KvhÆò×g evÕ¦evqb Zî½veavb Kiv ‰es Kwgkbvi, KvGjÙi I AbÅvbÅ ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆvi AvG`Gki wei‚G«¬ AvbxZ mKj AvwcGji ÷bvwb I P„ov¯¦ AvG`k cÉ`vb| ‰Qvov 1879 mvGji ˆKvUÆ Ae IqvWÆm AÅvGÙi weavb AbymvGi ˆKvUÆ Ae IqvWÆm wnGmGe `vwqZ½ cvjb KivI ˆevGWÆi KvhÆvewji A¯¦fzÆî× wQj| eÕ§Z, ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbD wQj mvGeK cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi gyLÅ ivRÕ¼ KZ‡ÆcÞ|

Õ¼vaxb I mveÆGfŒg ivÓ¡Ë wnGmGe evsjvG`Gki AfzÅ`Gqi cGi cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb cÉvG`wkK miKvGii ˆiwfwbD wWcvUÆGgG´Ÿi Õ©Gj AvBb I f„wg msÕ•vi g¯¨YvjGqi Aaxb f„wg cÉkvmb I f„wg msÕ•vi wefvM m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq| cieZÆxGZ ‰B wefvMGK cƒYÆ g¯¨YvjGqi ghÆv`v ˆ`Iqv nq| 13 gvPÆ, 1973 ZvwiGL RvixK‡Z AvB‰g-10/72/115(5)Avi‰j bÁ¼i AvG`keGj ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbD ‰es AaxbÕ© Awdmmgƒn wejyµ¦ ˆNvlYv Kiv nq| ˆevGWÆi KvhÆvewj g¯¨YvjGqi mivmwi wbq¯¨GY bÅÕ¦ Kiv nq| ivRÕ¼ Awdmmgƒn Zî½veavb I cwi`kÆb Kivi RbÅ g¯¨YvjGqi ‰KRb hy™Â mwPeGK c`vwaKvieGj f„wg msÕ•vi Kwgkbvi wbGqvM Kiv nq| wefvMxq chÆvGq ivRÕ¼ Awdmmgƒn cwi`kÆGbi RbÅ g¯¨YvjGqi 4 Rb Dc-mwPeGK c`vwaKvieGj Dcf„wg msÕ•vi Kwgkbvi wbGqvM Kiv nq| f„wg msÕ•vi Kwgkbvi ‰es Dcf„wg msÕ•vi KwgkbviMY f„wg cÉkvmb I f„wg msÕ•vi g¯¨YvjGq ˆ^GKB ZvG`i KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KiGZb|

g¯¨YvjGqi gƒj KvR nGœQ bxwZ wbaÆviY Kiv| ZvQvov f„wg AwaMÉnY, kò‚ mÁ·wî I cwiZÅî× mÁ·wîi eÅeÕ©vcbv cÉf‡wZI g¯¨YvjGqi `vwqZ½fzî× nIqvq ‰i KvhÆcwiwa ˆek ˆeGo hvq| dGj ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ AcvGikb, w`qviv Rwic, LvmRwg eG±`veÕ¦ cÉ`vb, Av¯¦tivÓ¡Ë mxgvbv wPwn×ZKiY cÉf‡wZ welq Z`viwK Kiv ˆek KwVb nGq cGo| AwaK¯§, ò×geaÆgvb `vwqZ½ cvjGbi dGj g¯¨Yvjq f„wg msÕ•vi KvhÆò×g Zî½veavb I f„wgmsò×v¯¦ AvwcGji ÷bvwb w`Gq wbÓ·wî KiGZ ˆek Amyweavi mÁÃyLxb nq| ˆ`Gk gyLÅ ˆKvb ivRÕ¼ KZ‡ÆcÞ bv ^vKvq wefvMxq KwgkbviMY, ˆRjv cÉkvmKMY, f„wg msÕ•vi Kwgkbvi, f„wg ˆiKWÆ I RwiGci cwiPvjK ‰es AbÅvbÅ ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆv f„wg cÉkvmb I f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv welGq cÉGqvRbxq DcG`k, AvG`k-wbG`Æk I w`K-wbG`Ækbv jvGf eÅ^Æ nGq ZvG`i `vwqZ½vaxb welqvw` wbÓ·wîGZ weGkl Amyweav ˆfvM KGib| ‰me Amyweav Dcjwº¬ KGi miKvi g¯¨YvjGqi wbq¯¨Yvaxb mvGeK ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbD-‰i gGZv ‰KwU msÕ©v Õ©vcGbi wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGi ‰es f„wg cÉkvmb ˆevWÆ AvBb, 1980 (1981 mvGji 13 bÁ¼i AvBb) cÉYqb KGi| ‰B AvBGbi 3 avivi (2) Dc-avivi weavb Abyhvqx miKvi KZÆ†K ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvb I `yBRb m`mÅ mg¯¼Gq f„wg cÉkvmb ˆevWÆ MwVZ nq| Dî× AvBGbi 3(2) avivq weavb Kiv nGqwQj ˆh, ‰B ˆevWÆ Zvi Ici miKvi KZ‡ÆK A^ev ˆKvb AvBGbi «¼viv wKsev AvBGbi AaxGb AwcÆZ ÞgZv cÉGqvM I `vwqZ½ cvjb KiGe|

g¯¨Yvjq f„wg cÉkvmb ˆevGWÆi `vwqZ½ I KvhÆvewj wbaÆviY KGi wewf®² mgGq AvG`k Rvwi KGi| 1982 mvGji 3 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i ZvwiGLi AvG`Gk ˆevWÆGK wewae«¬ Avwcj ÷bvwb I wbÓ·wîKiY, f„wg cÉkvmb I f„wg msÕ•vi evÕ¦evqGb miKvwi bxwZ I wbG`Ækbv gvV chÆvGqi f„wg Awdm KZÆ†K h^vh^ evÕ¦evqGbi Zî½veavb ‰es miKviGK f„wg-mswkÏÓ¡ welGq Pvwn`v ˆgvZvGeK civgkÆ cÉ`vGbi `vwqZ½ ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰Qvov f„wg D®²qb Ki wbaÆviY I Av`vq, bZzb Znwmj Awdm Õ©vcb, LvmRwg eG±`veÕ¦ cÉ`vb, AfÅ¯¦ixY AwWU Awdm wbq¯¨Y ‰es ˆKvUÆ Ae IqvWÆm-‰i eÅeÕ©vcbvi `vwqZ½ ‰B ˆevGWÆi Ici AwcÆZ nq| g¯¨YvjGqi 5 RyjvB, 1983 ZvwiGLi AvG`Gk AwcÆZ mÁ·wîi (Rwg I BgviZ) eÅeÕ©vcbv I Z`viwK, cwiZÅî× mÁ·wîi eÅeÕ©vcbv I wbÓ·®²KiY, wewbgq ˆKGm RwoZ mÁ·wîi eÅeÕ©vcbv ‰es cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi evwlÆK cÉkvmwbK cÉwZGe`b cÉYqGbi `vwqZ½ ‰B ˆevGWÆi Ici bÅÕ¦ Kiv nq| g¯¨Yvjq 7 RyjvB, 1983 ZvwiGLi ‰K AvG`Gk gnvcwiPvjK, f„wg ˆiKWÆm I RwiGci wbq¯¨Yvaxb ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ AcvGikb KvhÆò×g Zî½veavb, Av¯¦tGRjv mxgvbv wPwn×ZKiGYi cwiexÞY, ˆRjv chÆvGq Znwmj chÆ¯¦ f„wg cÉkvmb BZÅvw` KvRGK Dî× f„wg cÉkvmb ˆevGWÆi `vwqZ½fzî× Kiv nq| f„wg cÉkvmb I f„wg msÕ•vi g¯¨Yvjq ˆ^GK RvixK‡Z 5 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i, 1984 ZvwiGLi ‰K AvG`Gk f„wg cÉkvmb ˆevGWÆi `vwqZ½ I KvhÆvewj cybeÆ¥Ÿb Kiv nq ‰es ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ wWcvUÆGgG´Ÿi KvhÆvewj Z`viK, Av¯¦tivÓ¡Ë I Av¯¦tGRjv mxgvbv wPwn×ZKiY cwiexÞY ‰es AK‡wl LvmRwg eG±`veÕ¦ Zî½veavb msò×v¯¦ `vwqZ½vewj cÉZÅvnvi KGi ˆbIqv nq|

1987 mvGji cÉ^g w`GK f„wg cÉkvmb I f„wg msÕ•vi g¯¨YvjGqi bvg cwieZÆb KGi f„wg g¯¨Yvjq Kiv nq| f„wg g¯¨Yvjq bxwZ wbaÆviY ‰es f„wg msÕ•vi KgÆmƒwP evÕ¦evqb, Zî½veavb I chÆGeÞGYi w`GK AwaKZi `†wÓ¡ ˆ`Iqv mgxPxb gGb KGi| ‰B mgGq f„wg msÕ•vi Awfhvb evÕ¦evqGbi RbÅ RvZxq chÆvGq ivÓ¡ËcwZGK (ivÓ¡Ë I miKvi cÉavb) mfvcwZ KGi RvZxq f„wg msÕ•vi cwil` MVb Kiv nq| f„wg msÕ•vi mÁ·wKÆZ bxwZ wbaÆviY, ˆRjv f„wg msÕ•vi evÕ¦evqb UvÕ• ˆdvmÆ I DcGRjv f„wg msÕ•vi KwgwUi mycvwikmgƒn evÕ¦evqGbi wm«¬v¯¦ cÉ`vb ‰es f„wg msÕ•vi KvhÆò×Ggi mvG^ mswkÏÓ¡ AbÅvbÅ welq mÁ·GKÆ wm«¬v¯¦ cÉ`vb RvZxq f„wg msÕ•vi cwilG`i KvhÆcwiwai A¯¦fÆyî× wQj| f„wg cÉkvmb ˆevWÆ gvV chÆvGqi AwdmmgƒGni KvhÆvewj Z`viK ‰es f„wg mÁ·wKÆZ gvgjvi h^vh^ wbÓ·wî KiGZ eÅ^Æ nIqvq RvZxq f„wg msÕ•vi cwil` f„wg cÉkvmb ˆevWÆ wejyµ¦ KGi Z`Õ©Gj f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆ ‰es f„wg msÕ•vi ˆevWÆ bvGg `ywU ˆevWÆ MVGbi wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGi| ‰B wm«¬v¯¦ evÕ¦evqGbi RbÅ f„wg msÕ•vi ˆevWÆ AaÅvG`k, 1989 (1989 mvGji 1 bs AaÅvG`k) ‰es f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆ AaÅvG`k, 1989 (1989 mvGji 2bs AaÅvG`k) Rvwi Kiv nq| cieZÆxGZ f„wg msÕ•vi ˆevWÆ AvBb, 1989 (1989 mvGji 23 bs AvBb) ‰es f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆ AvBb, 1989 (1989 mvGji 24 bs AvBb) cÉYxZ nGj Dî× AaÅvG`k«¼q iwnZ Kiv nq| f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆ AvBGbi 8(1) avivq f„wg cÉkvmb ˆevWÆ AvBb, 1980 iwnZ Kiv nq| dGj f„wg cÉkvmb ˆevGWÆi wejywµ¦ NGU|

f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆ AvBGbi 4 avivi ÞgZveGj miKvi KZÆ†K ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvb I `yBRb m`mÅ mg¯¼Gq f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆ MVb Kiv nq| Dî× AvBGbi 5 avivq ˆevGWÆi ‰LwZqvi mÁ¼G®¬ weavb iGqGQ ˆh, ˆevWÆ Zvi Ici miKvi KZÆ†K A^ev ˆKvb AvBGbi «¼viv wKsev AvBGbi Aaxb AwcÆZ ÞgZv cÉGqvM I `vwqZ½ cvjb KiGe| f„wg g¯¨Yvjq 9 AGÙvei, 1990 f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆ wewagvjv, 1990 cÉYqb I Rvwi KGi| ‰B wewagvjvi 3 wewaGZ ˆevGWÆi KvhÆe¥Ÿb I c«¬wZ ZvwjKvfzî× Kiv nGqGQ| ˆevWÆ f„wg g¯¨YvjGqi wbq¯¨Yvaxb f„wgwelqK mgy`q AvBGbi AaxGb f„wgmsò×v¯¦ gvgjv (ivRÕ¼ mÁ·KÆxq), bvgRvwi I LvwiR gvgjv, mvGqivZ I Rjgnvj msò×v¯¦ gvgjv, f„wg D®²qb Ki mÁ·wKÆZ mvwUÆwdGKU gvgjv, LvmRwg eG±`veÕ¦ welqK gvgjv, wc. wW. Avi AÅvGÙi AaxGb `vGqiK‡Z wiwfkb/Avwcj gvgjv, ‰es AwcÆZ, cwiZÅî× I wewbgq mÁ·wî welqK gvgjvq wefvMxq KwgkbvGii AvG`Gki wei‚G«¬ Avwcj/wiwfkb gvgjv MÉnY I ÷bvwb KGi wbÓ·wî KiGZ cvGi| Dî× wewaGZ f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆGK AaÕ¦b f„wg Av`vjZmgƒGni KvhÆò×g cwi`kÆb, AbyexÞY I gƒjÅvqb ‰es f„wgmsò×v¯¦ AvBb, AvG`k I wewa mÁ·GKÆ miKvi KZÆ†K ˆcÉwiZ welqvw`GZ civgkÆ`vb Kivi ÞgZv ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| ˆPqvigÅvb I m`mÅMY c†^K ‰es ‰KKfvGe cÞMYGK ÷bvwbò×Gg Avwcj/wiwfkb I cybweÆGePbvi AvGe`Gbi Ici AvG`k cÉ`vb KGib ‰es Dî× AvG`k ˆevGWÆiI AvG`k wnGmGe MYÅ nGq ^vGK| ˆevWÆ KZÆ†K cÉ`î ˆKvb AvG`Gki cybweÆGePbv gvgjvq AvBbMZ RwUjZv ev AvBGbi eÅvLÅvi cÉGqvRb ˆ`Lv w`Gj ˆPqvigÅvb welqwU dzj ˆevGWÆ (ˆPqvigÅvb I m`mÅMY mg¯¼Gq MwVZ ˆevWÆ) weGePbvi RbÅ DcÕ©vcGbi AvG`k cÉ`vb KiGZ cvGib ‰es dzj ˆevWÆ ÷bvwbi gvaÅGg wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGi ^vGKb| cÞMY Õ¼qs A^ev wbhyî× AvBbRxexi gvaÅGg Avwcj/wiwfkb I cybweÆGePbvi AvGe`b `vGqi KiGZ cvGib| ˆevWÆ cÉ`î ˆKvb AvG`Gki wei‚G«¬ Avwcj Kivi ˆKvb weavb ˆbB| f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv I f„wg cÉkvmb AvBb mÁ·wKÆZ gvgjv-GgvKógv wbÓ·wîGZ f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆ mGeÆvœP f„wg Av`vjZ wnGmGe `vwqZ½ cvjb KGi ^vGK|

f„wg msÕ•vi ˆevWÆ AvBGbi 4 avivi ÞgZveGj miKvi KZÆ†K ‰KRb ˆPqvigÅvb I `yBRb m`mÅ mg¯¼Gq f„wg msÕ•vi ˆevWÆ MVb Kiv nq| f„wg g¯¨YvjGqi f„wgmsÕ•vi Kwgkbvi ‰es Dc f„wg msÕ•vi KwgkbvGii c`mgƒn Aejyµ¦ Kiv nq| f„wg msÕ•vi ˆevGWÆi wbq¯¨YvaxGb ˆ^GK f„wg msÕ•vi KvhÆò×g I f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv Z`viwK Kivi RbÅ cÉwZ wefvGM ‰KwU Dcf„wg msÕ•vi KwgkbvGii c` m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq| Dî× AvBGbi 5 avivq ˆevWÆGK miKvi KZÆ†K AwcÆZ f„wg msÕ•vi I f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv mÁ·wKÆZ ÞgZv cÉGqvM I `vwqZ½ cvjb ‰es ˆKvb AvBGbi «¼viv ev AvBGbi Aaxb AwcÆZ ÞgZv cÉGqvM I `vwqZ½ cvjGbi ÞgZv ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| 23 ˆg 1989 ZvwiGL miKvi KZÆ†K `vwqZ½ AcÆY KGi ‰KwU AvG`k Rvwi Kiv nq| AwcÆZ `vwqZ½ I KvhÆvewji gGaÅ iGqGQ: ˆRjv ˆ^GK Znwmj chÆvGqi mKj f„wg Awdm eÅeÕ©vcbv, Zî½veavb ‰es cwiexÞY, wefvMxq chÆvGq Dcf„wg msÕ•vi KwgkbvGii KvhÆvjGqi Zî½veavb, LvmRwg wPwn×ZKiY ‰es miKvi KZÆ†K M†nxZ bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx K‡wl LvmRwg eG±`veÕ¦ cÉ`vb ‰es ˆe`Lwj LvmRwg D«¬vi, f„wg D®²qb KGii `vwe wbaÆviY I Av`vq, f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbv msò×v¯¦ D®²qb KgÆmƒwP cÉYqb, evÕ¦evqb, cwiexÞY I gƒjÅvqb, ˆKvUÆ Ae IqvWÆm-‰i eÅeÕ©vcbv I Z`viwK, ˆRjv I DcGRjv chÆvGq ˆiKWÆ i‚g Õ©vcb, Z`viwK I cwi`kÆb ‰es ˆevGWÆi mKj msÕ©vcb I wnmve mÁ·wKÆZ mvaviY cÉkvmb| f„wg g¯¨YvjGqi wbq¯¨Y I Z`viwK mvGcGÞ f„wg msÕ•vi ˆevWÆ Zvi Ici AwcÆZ `vwqZ½ cvjb KGi ^vGK|

KvhÆKi I `Þ f„wg cÉkvmb I f„wg eÅeÕ©vcbvi cƒeÆkZÆ nGœQ: cÉwZwU f„wgLGíi ˆfŒGMvwjK AeÕ©vb I cwiwPwZ bÁ¼i cÉ`kÆbcƒeÆK bKkv cÉÕ§ZKiY, Rwgi gvwjKvbv, Ask, cwigvY I Ki mÁ·wKÆZ Z^Åvw` msiÞY, gvwjGKi `LwjÕ¼Z½ cÉgvGYi RbÅ Õ¼Z½wjwc (LwZqvb) cÉÕ§Z I cÉKvkKiY ‰es Õ¼Z½wjwc msiÞY I gvwjKvbvi cwieZÆb nvjbvMv`KiY| f„wg g¯¨YvjGqi Aaxb f„wg ˆiKWÆm I Rwic Awa`µ¦Gii `vwqZ½ nGœQ bKkv I nvjbvMv` ˆiKWÆ ev Õ¼Z½wjwc cÉÕ§ZKiY| wKQymsLÅK cwiPvjK, DccwiPvjK, mnKvix cwiPvjK, ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ Awdmvi, mnKvix ˆmGUjGg´Ÿ Awdmvi ‰es `Þ I cÉwkÞYcÉvµ¦ eümsLÅK KgÆPvixi mnGhvwMZvq gnvcwiPvjK f„wg ˆiKWÆm I Rwic Awa`µ¦Gii 1950 mvGji ivÓ¡Ëxq AwaMÉnY I cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGbi weavb AbymvGi bKkv I Õ¼Z½wjwc cÉÕ§Z KGib ‰es ˆRjv cÉkvmK ev KvGjÙiG`i wbKU nÕ¦v¯¦i KGib| KvGjÙiMY Zv msiÞY KGib ‰es nÕ¦v¯¦i, DîivwaKvi ev AbÅGKvb KviGY ˆKvb cwieZÆb nGj Zv mw®²Gek KGib| [kvgmy`-`xb Avng`]