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KvGjÙGii cwieGZÆ ˆ`Iqvwb Av`vjZGK f„Õ¼vgx I cÉRvG`i gaÅKvi mKj gvgjv
ˆgvKógvi wbÓ·wîi AwaKvi ˆ`Iqv nq|
Rwic
AvBb 1875 cÉYqb Kiv nq MÉvGgi mxgvbv wbaÆviY, cÉwZwU Rwgi Lí, Zvi cwigvY
ˆ`wLGq ˆgŒRv ev MÉvGgi gvbwPò cÉYqb, cÉRvG`i bvg I DciÕ© f„Õ¼vgxi bvg
‰es cÉRvi aib, wnmÅv, Rwgi `Lj I Zvi LvRbv ev Ki BZÅvw` ˆiKWÆ Kivi RbÅ|
LvRbv wbaÆviY AvBb 1879 ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆvG`i RwicKvGj KZàwj ˆÞGò `Lwj I
AaxbÕ© ivqZG`i LvRbv e†w«¬i KZ‡ÆZ½ cÉ`vb KGi ‰es ivqZG`i ‰i wei‚G«¬
Av`vjGZ gvgjv Kivi AwaKvi cÉ`vb Kiv nq| Rwg`vi KZ‡ÆK ivqZG`i ivRÕ¼ e†w«¬i
DG`ÅvGMi wei‚G«¬ cvebvq K‡lK weG`Ëvn ˆ`Lv w`Gj 1879 mvGji ‰wcÉj gvGm
LvRbv AvBb Kwgkb wbGqvM ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰B Kwgkb 1880 mvGji ˆg gvGm cÉwZGe`b
`vwLj KGi| ‰B wiGcvUÆ chÆvGjvPbvi ci 1883 mvGji 2 gvPÆ AvBbmfvq eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb cvGmi RbÅ wej ˆck Kiv nq| cwil` msGkvawbmn wejwU cvm
KGi ‰es MfbÆi ˆRbvGij KZ‡ÆK mÁÃwZ jvGfi ci 1885 mvGji 14 gvPÆ ‰wU AvBGb
cwiYZ nq ‰es ‰KBeQi 1 bGfÁ¼i ˆ^GK KvhÆKi nq| ‰B AvBGbi AvIZvq Rwg`vi,
ZvjyK`vi, ivRÕ¼ MÉnYKvix I ˆgvKvivwi ivqZ, `Lwj ivqZ, eG±`veÕ¦ ivqZ,
A`Lwj ivqZ ‰es AaxbÕ© ivqZ-‰i c`we, AwaKvi I `vq`vwqZ½ mÁcGKÆ weÕ¦vwiZ
wbqgKvbyb ŠZwi Kiv nq| ÷i‚GZ ‰B AvBb Õ©vbxqfvGe cÉPwjZ cÉ^v «¼viv Õ¼xK‡Z
bv nGj KvGqwg ev Õ©vqx ZvjyK`vi I ˆgvKvivwi ivqZ Qvov AGbÅi wbKU Rwg
nÕ¦v¯¦Gii Õ¼xK‡wZ ˆ`q wb| ‰Qvov, eGKqv Av`vGqi RbÅ gvjvgvj ˆò×vK, DVwZ
dmj weò×Gqi weavbmgƒn evwZj bv KGi ‰GZ ˆmàwjGK A¯¦fÆyî× nq| ZGe ‰B AvBGb
ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆvG`i mGiRwgGb RwiGci gvaÅGg Rwgi AwaKvi A^Ævr LwZqvb ˆiKWÆ
cÉÕ§GZi mgq bÅvhÅ I mgZvwfwîK Ki wbaÆviY Kivi ÞgZv ˆ`Iqv nq| Z`ycwi,
f„Õ¼vgxiv f„wg D®²qb I Rwgi cwigvY e†w«¬ BZÅvw`i gGZv wKQy KviY Qvov
Ki e†w«¬ KiGZ cviZ bv| ‰KBfvGe, Rwgi cwigvY nËvm ev f„Õ¼vgx KZ‡ÆK ˆmP
myweav cÉ`vGb eÅ^ÆZvi RbÅ cÉRvG`i Ki nËvGmi AwaKvi ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰Kevi LvRbv
e†w«¬ Kiv nGj cieZÆx 15 eQGii gGaÅ Avi Zv e†w«¬ Kiv ˆhZ bv| KvGqwg ZvjyK`vi,
ˆgvKvivwi ivqZ, `Lwj ivqZGK eGKqv LvRbvi RbÅ ZvG`i Rwg ˆ^GK DGPQ` Kiv
ˆhZ bv| ZGe ˆ`Iqvwb Av`vjZ ˆ^GK eGKqvi RbÅ wWwò× Av`vq mvGcGÞ DGPQ`
Kiv ˆhZ| ˆeKvGqwg ZvjyK`vi, A`Lwj ivqZ ‰es AaxbÕ© ivqZMY hw` wbaÆvwiZ
mgGq eGKqv ivRÕ¼ cwiGkvGa eÅ^Æ nGZv ZvnGj ZvG`iGK f„wg ˆ^GK DGPQ` Kiv
ˆhZ|
1894
mvGj DwÍÏwLZ AvBGb ‰KB eQGii AÅvÙ bÁ¼i 1 «¼viv msGkvabx Avbv nq| ‰GZ
LwZqvb ŠZwii weavGbi Õ©Gj Rwic KvhÆò×g I ivRÕ¼ wbaÆviY wewa Õ©vcb Kiv
nq| ‰ici 1898 mvGj AÅvÙ bÁ¼i 3-‰i gvaÅGg LvRbv e†w«¬, LwZqvb ŠZwi I
ivRÕ¼ wbaÆviGYi weavbmgƒGn hG^Ó¡ cwieZÆb Kiv nq| 1907-‰i AÅvÙ bÁ¼i 1
I 1908-‰i AÅvÙ bÁ¼i 1 «¼viv DcwiwÍÏwLZ AvBGbi AviI msGkvabx Avbv nq|
‰GZ P„ov¯¦fvGe cÉKvwkZ LwZqvbGK mwVK aiv nGe hw` bv ˆKvb AmãwZ cÉgvwYZ
nq| eGKqv ivRÕ¼ Av`vGqi RbÅ `vwe cÉgvGYi ˆÞGò ˆKvb gvgjvq Av`vjGZ LwZqvb
`vwLj Kiv hvGe| LwZqvGb DwÍÏwLZ cwigvGYi ˆewk Ki avhÆ KiGj Zv nËvGmi
AwaKvi ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆvGK ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es f„Õ¼vgx KZƆK eGKqv ivRÕ¼ Av`vGqi
jGÞÅ Õ©vbxq ivRÕ¼ AwdmvGii wbKU mvwUÆwdGKU gvgjv `vwLGji weavb ‰B AvBGb
ˆ`Iqv nq|
1928
mvGji AÅvÙ bÁ¼i 4-‰i gvaÅGg DwÍÏwLZ AvBGb eÅvcK cwieZÆb Avbv nq| ‰GZ
`Lwj ivqZGK Zvi DciÕ© f„Õ¼vgxGK ‰K PZz^Ævsk cvwiGZvwlK cÉ`vGbi kGZÆ
Zvi Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦Gii AwaKvi ˆ`Iqv nq| f„Õ¼vgx KZ‡ÆK ‰ aiGbi RwgGZ AMÉÉvwaKvi
cÉGqvM, ‰es f„wggvwjK KZ‡ÆK ˆfvM`LGji Õ¼xK‡wZ bv cvIqv chƯ¦ ˆKvb eMÆv`viGK
cÉRv wnGmGe Õ¼xKvi bv Kiv, cÉRvi gvjvgvj ˆò×vK I DVwZ dmj ev gvjvgvj
weò×Gqi weavbmgƒn ‰B AvBb «¼viv iwnZ Kiv nq| `Lwj cÉRvG`i ZvG`i RwgGZ
MvQ jvMvGbvi, MvGQi dj ˆfvGMi, MvQ KvUv I weò×Gqi ÞgZv cÉ`vb ‰es AaxbÕ©
ivqZG`i 15 eQGii RbÅ ZvG`i Rwg AnÕ¦v¯¦iGhvMÅ e®¬K ivLvi ÞgZv ˆ`Iqv nq|
1938 mvGji 6 bÁ¼i AvBGbi gvaÅGg DchyÆî× AvBGbi AviI msGkvabx Avbv nq|
`Lwj cÉRv KZ‡ÆK ZvG`i Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦Gii RbÅ f„Õ¼vgxGK cvwiGZvwlK cÉ`vGbi
weavb iwnZKiY, ‰ aiGbi Rwg f„Õ¼vgx KZ‡ÆK AMÉò×Gqi AwaKvi, ‰es hw` ˆKvb
AvM¯y¦K ev AvM¯y¦KmgƒGni KvGQ nÕ¦v¯¦i Kiv nq, ˆmGÞGò AbÅvbÅ `Lwj ivqGZi
Askx`vi nÕ¦v¯¦iKvixGK AMÉò×qvwaKvi cÉ`vGbi weavbmgƒn ‰B AvBGbi AvIZvfzî×
Kiv nq| ‰GZ ˆfvM`LjxK‡Z Rwgi e®¬KGK 15 eQGii RbÅ AnÕ¦v¯¦iGhvMÅ e®¬K
wnGmGe MYÅ Kivi ‰es Av`vjGZi gvaÅGg `Lj D«¬vGii RbÅ eÅeÕ©v ivLv nq|
AaxbÕ© ivqZG`i ZvG`i Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦Gii AbyGgv`b ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es cÉRvG`i ivRÕ¼
e†w«¬i weavb 10 eQGii RbÅ Õ©wMZ Kiv nq| ZvjyK`vi ‰es AaxbÕ© ivqZG`i
ZvG`i DciÕ© f„Õ¼vgxi eiveGi AwaKvi nÕ¦v¯¦Gii AbygwZ ˆ`Iqv nq| wejxbK‡Z
Rwgi ivRÕ¼ nËvm, ‰ aiGbi Rwg cybMÆVGbi ci ZvGZ `LGji AwaKvi ‰es eGKqv
ivRÕ¼ Av`vGqi RbÅ mvwUÆwdGKU gvgjv i‚Ry Kivi weavb weGjvc Kiv nq| 1939-‰i
13 bÁ¼i AvBGbi «¼viv DwÍÏwLZ AvBGbi 52 aviv msGkvab Kiv nq ‰es ˆKvb
cÉRvi ivRÕ¼ e†w«¬ KGi Av`vjGZi wWwò× Rvwi wbwl«¬ Kiv nq| cÉRv KZ‡ÆK
`LjxK‡Z Rwgi cÉK‡Z cwigvY hw` Zvi mGã eG±`veÕ¦K‡Z Rwgi ˆPGq ˆewk nq
ZvnGjI ‰B AvG`k ejer nGe|
1940-‰i
18 bÁ¼i AvBGb DwÍÏwLZ AvBGbi 26 aviv msGkvab Kiv nq| ‰GZ kZÆvaxb weò×Gqi
e®¬Kmn `Lwj Rwgi mKj e®¬K 15 eQGii RbÅ AnÕ¦v¯¦iGhvMÅ e®¬Ki…Gc MYÅ Kiv
nq ‰es Av`vjGZi gvaÅGg `Lj cybi‚«¬vGii RbÅ ejv nq| Dci¯§, eGKqv ivRGÕ¼i
RbÅ ˆKvb wWwò× ev mvwUÆwdGKU gvgjv `vGqGii gvaÅGg ZvjyK ev f„mÁcwî eÅZxZ
ˆKvb cÉRvi AbÅ mÁcwî weò×q wbwl«¬ Kiv nq| eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGbi msGkvwaZ
weavbàwj 1773-‰i wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ AvBGbi gvaÅGg n…Z mKj AwaKvi cybtcÉwZÓ¤v
KGi| ‰ KviGYB eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBbGK evsjvq cÉRvG`i gÅvMbv KvUÆv (gnvmb`) wnGmGe AvLÅvwqZ Kiv nq|
cvwKÕ¦vb
Avgj weËwUk kvmGbi ˆklfvGM ‰Gm Rwg`vwi weGjvGci ‰KwU `vwe
DïvwcZ nq ‰es 1939 mvGj dÌvw´Öm dÑvDW-GK ˆPqvigÅvb KGi f„wg ivRÕ¼ Kwgkb
wbGqvM ˆ`Iqv nq| ivRÕ¼ AvqKvix mKj mÁcwî miKvi KZ‡ÆK üKzg`LGji mycvwikmn
‰B Kwgkb 1940 mvGj Zvi cÉwZGe`b ˆck KGi| ‰B KwgkGbi mycvwikgvjvi Ici
wfwî KGiB cƒeÆeã Rwg`vwi AwaMÉnY I cÉRvÕ¼Z½
AvBb 1950 cvk nq| ‰fvGeB wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ AvBGbi 163 eQi ci
mKj ivRÕ¼ AvqKvix welqvw`mn Rwg`vwi cÉ^v evwZjcƒeÆK f„wg eÅeÕ©v mivmwi
miKvGii wbq¯¨Yvaxb PGj hvq| ‰B AvBGb mKj ivRÕ¼ AvqKvix RwgRgv I cwievicÉwZ
100 weNvi AwZwiwî× Rwg, nvU-evRvi, Rjgnvj, Lwb I AbÅvbÅ AwaKvi üKzg`Lj
‰es Zvi RbÅ ÞwZcƒiY cÉ`vGbi weavb ivLv nq| LwZqvb ŠZwi I msGkvab, cÉRvG`i
ˆmevmn mKj Rwgi ivRÕ¼ cybwbÆaÆviY ‰B AvBGbi AvIZvfzî× Kiv nq| DwÍÏwLZ
mKj cÉwò×qv mÁc®² ‰es mKj ivRÕ¼mswkÏÓ¡ I AbÅvbÅ Õ©vcbv üKzg`Lj, LwZqvb
I ÞwZcƒiY wbaÆviYx P„ov¯¦ weeiYx cÉKvwkZ nevi ci DwÍÏwLZ AvBGb cÉRvi
AwaKvi ‰es evaÅevaKZv mÁcwKÆZ cçg AaÅvq KvhÆKi KGi meÆcÉ^g ‰LbKvi cUzqvLvjx
ˆRjvi RbÅ 1954 mvGj cwicò Rvwi Kiv nq| ‰ welGq meÆGkl cwicò Rvwi nq
1965 mvGj dwi`cyGi|
ˆKvb
‰jvKvq cçg AaÅvq KvhÆKi nIqvi ci, eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb, wmGjU cÉRvÕ¼Z½
AvBb ‰es wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ AvBbmGgZ AbÅvbÅ 27wU weavbmn 14wU AvBGbi
mKj Ai`K‡Z avivmgƒn i` Kiv nq| ‰i dGj K‡wlRwgi gvò ‰KGkÉYxi `Lj`vi gvwjK
wnGmGe wUGK ^vGK ‰es 1950-‰i AvBGbi Ask 5-‰i Abywewai «¼viv ZvG`i AwaKvi
I evaÅevaKZv wbqw¯¨Z nq| ‰ aiGbi gvwjGKi LwbR mÁc` I AbÅvbÅ f„MfÆÕ©
mÁcG`i Ici ˆKvb AwaKvi ^vGK bv ‰es miKvi ˆKvb wbaÆvwiZ mgGqi RbÅ hw`
ˆKvb Rwg BRviv ˆ`q, ZvnGj Zvi AwaKvi I `vq`vwqZ½ BRvivq ewYÆZ kZÆvbyhvqx
cwiPvwjZ nGe| ivRÕ¼ AvqKvix ˆKvb Rwg üKzg`LGji cƒGeÆB AK‡wlRwgi gvwjGKi
AwaKvi I evaÅevaKZv hw` 1949 mvGji AK‡wl cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb «¼viv wbqw¯¨Z
nq ZvnGj Ask 5-‰ ewYÆZ welGq ˆKvb AmãwZ bv ^vKGj, miKvi KZ‡ÆK üKzg`LGji
ci ˆmB K‡lK DwÍÏwLZ AvBb «¼viv wbqw¯¨Z nGe| ivRÕ¼ wbaÆviY Qvov, AK‡wlf„wg
gvwjGKi AwaKvi I evaÅevaKZvi AvIZv e†w«¬ ev nËvm BRviv `wjGj DwÍÏwLZ
kZÆvaxGb ‰es 1882 mvGji mÁcwî nÕ¦v¯¦i AvBGbi weavb «¼viv wbqw¯¨Z nGe|
ˆh ˆKvb K‡wl ev AK‡wlRwg BRviv w`Gj Zv AKvhÆKi nGe ‰es ‰ aiGbi Rwg evGRqvµ¦
nGq miKvGii AwaKvGi PGj hvGe| ÞgZvcÉvµ¦ eÅwî× «¼viv BRviv `wjj KvhÆKi
I wbew®¬Z bv nGj ÷ay cvwiGZvwlK ev ivRÕ¼ cÉ`vGbi gvaÅGg ˆKvb miKvwi
RwgGZ AK‡wl ev AK‡wl cÉRvÕ¼Z½ m†wÓ¡ Kiv hvq bv| ‰KRb cÉK‡Z Pvwl ˆm-B,
ˆh wbGR ev Zvi cwievGii m`mÅG`i «¼viv, ev PvKi A^ev K‡wl ev AbÅ kÉwgK
«¼viv ev Askx`vi ev eMÆv`vi «¼viv Zvi Rwg Pvl KGi|
‰KRb
Pvwl BœQvbyhvqx ˆh ˆKvbfvGe Zvi Rwg eÅenvi I `LGj ivLGZ cvGi ‰es ˆm
hw` ˆKvb DBj bv KGi g†ZzÅeiY KGi ZvnGj Zvi RbÅ cÉGhvRÅ DîivwaKvi AvBGbi
weavbvbyhvqx Zvi eskaiiv DîivwaKvix nGe| ˆm Zvi Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦iI KiGZ cvGi
‰es ˆm nÕ¦v¯¦i nGZ nGe `vwjwjK| ZGe DîivwaKvimƒGò ev nÕ¦v¯¦Gii gvaÅGg
ˆKDB ˆKvb Rwg ARÆb KiGZ cviGe bv hw` ˆm Rwg Zvi cwievGii we`Ågvb Rwgi
mGã hyî× nGj ‰KwU cwievGii RbÅ wbaÆvwiZ Rwgi cwigvGYi mGeÆvœP mxgv AwZò×g
KGi| ‰ aiGbi AwZwiî× Rwg miKvGii AwaKvGi PGj hvGe| ivqZ KZ‡ÆK ˆKvb Rwg
nÕ¦v¯¦i Zvi mnAskx`vi ev wbKUÕ© ivqGZi wbKU KGqKUv kZÆvaxGb weò×Gqi
evaÅevaKZv ^vGK| ˆKvb ivqZ wbaÆvwiZ mgGqi RbÅ AnÕ¦v¯¦iGhvMÅ e®¬K Qvov
Zvi Rwg e®¬K ivLGZ cviGe bv| ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆvi AbyGgv`b eÅZxZ ˆKvb Avw`evmx
AAvw`evmx eÅwî×i wbKU Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦i KiGZ cviGe bv| ‰B wbqGgi eÅZÅq NwUGq
ˆKvb Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦i nGj Zv A‹ea eGj weGewPZ nGe ‰es ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆv ˆò×ZvGK
Rwg ˆ^GK DGPQ` KiGZ cviGeb| nÕ¦v¯¦wiZ Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦iKvixi A^ev Zvi DîivwaKvixi
eiveGi cybeÆnvj KiGZ cvGib| ‰B AvBGb, ivRÕ¼ e†w«¬ ev nËvm, ˆKvb Rwgi
wefvRb ev ‰KòxKiY I evwYwRÅK Askx`viG`i gGaÅ ivRÕ¼ fvMvfvwM KGi ˆ`Iqv
‰es Avcm A^ev mvwUÆwdGKU gvgjv i‚Ry A^ev wbjvGg Rwg weò×Gqi gvaÅGg ivRÕ¼
Av`vGqi weavb iGqGQ| ‰Qvov LwZqvb cÉÕ§Z, msGkvab I iÞYvGeÞGYi weavb,
miKvi KZ‡ÆK üKzg`LjK‡Z Rwgi BRviv cÉ`vb, mÁcwî cwiZÅvM, ev üKzg`Lj ‰B
AvBGbi AvIZvfzî× Kiv nq| ‰B AvBGbi 144 avivi AaxGb cÉÕ§ZK‡Z I msGkvwaZ
cÉwZwU A¯¦fÆywî× mwVK eGj aiv nGe hw` bv ˆKvb AmãwZ cÉvgvwYK `wjj «¼viv
cÉgvwYZ nq| ˆKvb ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆvi AvG`Gki wei‚G«¬ AvGe`b KiGZ nGj Zv Zvi
DciÕ© KvGjÙGii KvGQ `vwLj KiGZ nGe| ˆKvb KvGjÙGii AvG`Gki wei‚G«¬ Avwcj
KiGZ nGj mswkÏÓ¡ wefvMxq KwgkbvGii wbKU ‰es wefvMxq KwgkbvGii wei‚G«¬
Avwcj KiGZ nGj ivRÕ¼ ˆevGWÆi wbKU AvGe`b KiGZ nGe| ‰KBfvGe, Hme KgÆKZÆv
ev ivRÕ¼ ˆevWÆ msÞzº¬ eÅwî×G`i AvGe`Gbi cwiGcÉwÞGZ A^ev myGqvgGUv Rvwii
gvaÅGg ‰ aiGbi AvG`k cwieZÆb KiGZ cvGib| ˆh ˆKvb ivRÕ¼ KgÆKZÆv Zvi wbGRi
A^ev Zvi cƒeÆmƒwii AvG`k chÆvGjvPbv A^ev cwieZÆb KiGZ cvGib| 1872-‰i
Pzwî× AvBGbi weavbmgƒn I 1882-‰i mÁcwî nÕ¦v¯¦i AvBb «¼viv wbqw¯¨Z AK‡wlRwgi
gvwjKG`i AwaKvi I evaÅevaKZv mÁcwKÆZ ˆKvb weavb eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGb
wQj bv| ‰i dGj AK‡wlRwgi ˆfvM`LjKvixG`i ZvG`i BRvivi ˆgqv` ˆkl nevi
ci DGPQ` Kiv ˆhZ ‰es f„Õ¼vgxiv BRviv bevqGbi mgq ZvG`i BGœQ gGZv ivRÕ¼
e†w«¬ KiGZ cviZ|
1936
mvGji AK‡wl-f„wg ivRÕ¼ wbaÆviY AvBb (Non-Agricultural Land
Rent Assessment Act 1936) ÷ay mvgwqK eG±`veÕ¦ I miKvwi LvmRwgi RbÅ cÉGhvRÅ
nIqvq ‰wU eÅwî×MZ f„Õ¼vgxi AaxbÕ© wecyjmsLÅK AK‡wl-cÉRvi `ytL`y`Ækv
jvNe KiGZ eÅ^Æ nq| 1938 mvGj AK‡wl f„wg Z`¯¦ KwgwU (Non-Agricultural Land
Enquiry Committee) hv Pvw±`bv KwgwU bvGgB cwiwPZ wQj, MVGbi ci f„Õ¼vgxiv
AK‡wlRwgi cÉRvG`i DGPQ` AviÁ¿ KiGj miKvi ‰B DGPQ` eG®¬i DGóGkÅ mvgwqKfvGe
eãxq AK‡wl cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb 1940 (mvgwqK weavb) cÉYqb KGi| ‰B KwgwUi mycvwik
AbymvGi AK‡wlRwgi gvwjKG`i `y`Ækv jvNGei RbÅ cƒeÆeã AK‡wl cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb,
1949 (East
Bengal Non-Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1949) cÉYqb Kiv nq| ‰B AvBbvbymvGi,
ˆh ˆKvb Rwg K‡wl ev evMvGbi RbÅ eÅen…Z bv nGjB Zv AK‡wlRwg wnGmGe weGewPZ
nGe| AK‡wlRwgi gvwjK wQj `yB cÉKvi gvwjK I AaxbÕ© gvwjK| AK‡wlRwgi ˆfvM`LjKvix
hw` 12 eQi ev Zvi AwaK ‰KUvbv Rwg `LGj ivGL ZvnGj Õ©vqx ˆfvM`LjKvixi
gGZvB H Rwgi Ici Zvi AwaKvi cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq ‰es ZvGK DGPQ` Kiv hvGe bv|
ZGe AbÅvbÅ ˆfvM`LjKvix ev AaxbÕ© ˆfvM`LjKvixG`i DwÍÏwLZ AvBGbi weavbvbymvGi
‰ aiGbi ˆKvb AwaKvi wQj bv ‰es ˆh ˆKvb mgq ZvG`i DGPQ` Kiv ˆhZ| AK‡wlRwgi
gvwjGKi g†ZzÅi cƒGeÆ ˆKvb DBj bv ^vKGj DîivwaKvimƒGò Zvi eskaiMY mÁcwîi
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nq| cÞv¯¦Gi Rwgi gvwjK hw` ‰ aiGbi LiP enGb AcviMZv cÉKvk KGi ZvnGj
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Kiv nq: f„wg msÕ•vi ˆevWÆ ‰es f„wg Avwcj ˆevWÆ| f„wg msÕ•vi ˆevWÆGK
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