f„G`e gyGLvcvaÅvq
(1827-1894) wkÞvwe`, wP¯¦vwe` I mvwnwZÅK| 1827 wLËÓ¡vGõi
22 ˆdeË‚qvwi KjKvZvi nixZKxevMvb ˆjGb Zuvi R¯Ã| wcZv LÅvZbvgv cwíZ wek¼bv^
ZKÆf„lY| ZuvG`i ŠcZ‡K wbevm wQj üMwji bwZecyGi| KjKvZvi msÕ•‡Z KGjGR
mvwnZÅ ˆkÉYx chƯ¦ AaÅqGbi ci f„G`e 1839 wLËÓ¡vGõ wn±`y KGjGR fwZÆ nb|
Zuvi mnvaÅvqx wQGjb gvBGKj gaymƒ`b `î |
f„G`e
eiveiB wQGjb ‰KRb ˆgavex Qvò| wZwb 1841 wLËÓ¡vGõ Rywbqi e†wî cixÞvq
w«¼Zxq ‰es 1843 wLËÓ¡vGõ wmwbqi e†wî cixÞvq weGkl Õ©vb AwaKvi
KGi gvwmK h^vò×Gg 8 I 40 UvKv nvGi e†wî jvf KGib| wn±`y KGjGR
AaÅqb ˆkGl wZwb wn±`y wnZv^Æx we`ÅvjGqi (1846) cÉavb wkÞKi…Gc
KgÆRxeb ÷i‚ KGib| Zvici wewf®² miKvwi-ˆemiKvwi wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vGb
wkÞKZv I cÉkvmwbK `vwqZ½ cvjGbi ci wZwb 1862 wLËÓ¡vGõ mnKvix Õ•zj
B´ÖGcÙii…Gc ˆhvM`vb KGib ‰es ‰Kv¯¦ wbÓ¤v I ˆhvMÅZvi mGã evsjv,
wenvi I DwolÅvi wewf®² AçGj Õ•zj cwi`kÆGKi `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib| 1883
mvGj miKvwi PvKwi ˆ^GK Aemi MÉnGYi ci wZwb ˆeãj ‰WzGKkb mvwfÆGmi
RbwkÞv cwiPvjK (Director
of Public Instruction) cG` ˆhvM`vb KGib ‰es DBwjqg nv´ŸvGii wkÞv
KwgkGbi m`mÅ gGbvbxZ nb| |
|
f„G`e gyGLvcvaÅvq |
f„G`e
1864 wLËÓ¡vGõ cÉwZÓ¤vKvj ˆ^GK `xNÆ cuvP eQi wkÞvwelqK gvwmK cwòKv wkÞv`cÆY
I msev`mvi cwiPvjbv KGib ‰es 1868 wLËÓ¡vGõ miKvwi cwòKv ‰WzGKkb
ˆMGRU (1856)-‰i mÁ·v`bvi `vwqZ½ MÉnY KGib| 1882 wLËÓ¡vGõ wZwb eãxq
eÅeÕ©vcK mfvi mfÅ wbeÆvwPZ nb|
f„G`e
gyGLvcvaÅvq wQGjb evsjv MG`Åi wewkÓ¡ wk͸x| wZwb evsjv M`ÅmvwnZÅGK mg†«¬
KGib| Zuvi wewkÓ¡ KGqKwU cÉe®¬Mɯ© nGjv: cvwievwiK cÉe®¬ (1882),
mvgvwRK cÉe®¬ (1892), AvPvi cÉe®¬ (1895), wewea cÉe®¬
(1895) BZÅvw`| cÉ^g wZbwU MÉG¯© wZwb wn±`yG`i AvPvi-AvPiY, agÆbxwZ I
cvwievwiK wewaweavbGK AvaywbK `†wÓ¡fwãGZ cÉwZwÓ¤Z Kivi ˆPÓ¡v KGib| BsGiRG`i
AvMgGb fviZxq mgvRRxeGbi wewPò cwieZÆb ‰es cÉvPÅ I cvøvZÅ fvev`GkÆi
ZzjbvgƒjK weGkÏlY KGi wZwb fviZxqG`i RvZxq ixwZbxwZi AbyMvgx nIqvi civgkÆ
ˆ`b| Zuvi wewea cÉeG®¬i cÉ^g fvM nGjv KwZcq msÕ•‡Z bvUGKi
mgvGjvPbv ‰es w«¼Zxq fvM mgvR I Z¯¨welqK cÉe®¬| ‰ iPbvmgƒn mgvR mÁ·GKÆ
Zuvi mƒß`wkÆZv I gbbkxj wP¯¦vGPZbvi cwiPvqK|
f„G`e
gyGLvcvaÅvq QvòG`i cvGVvcGhvMx AGbK Mɯ©I iPbv KGiGQb| ˆmàwji gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ
nGjv: cÉvK‡wZK weævb (2 fvM, 1858-59), cyive†îmvi (1858),
BsjÅvG´£i BwZnvm (1862), ˆivGgi BwZnvm, ˆÞòZî½
(1862), evsjvi BwZnvm (3q fvM, 1904), cyÓ·véwj (1g fvM,
1876) BZÅvw`| Zuvi HwZnvwmK DcbÅvm (1857) evsjv HwZnvwmK DcbÅvGmi
w«¼Zxq wb`kÆb| ‰i gGaÅ ‘mdj Õ¼µ²’ I ‘Aãyixq wewbgq’ ‰ `ywU AvLÅvb mw®²weÓ¡
nGqGQ| w«¼Zxq AvLÅvbwUi Drm ‰KwU BsGiwR Kvwnbx nGjI ˆkl chƯ¦ Zv ˆgŒwjKZ½
ARÆb KGiGQ| Zuvi wkÞvwelqK cÉÕ¦ve (1856) wkÞvZî½mvi mg†«¬ ‰KwU
iPbv| Õ¼µ²jº¬ fviZeGlÆi BwZnvm (1895) MÉG¯© Zuvi BwZnvmGeva,
Õ¼G`kcÉxwZ ‰es K͸GPZbvi ‰K Abe`Å mg¯¼q NGUGQ| ‰ MÉG¯© wZwb Kv͸wbK
NUbvi gvaÅGg fviGZi RvZxq PwiGòi `yeÆjZvi w`Kàwj wPwn×Z KGiGQb|
msÕ•‡Z
wkÞvi cÉmvGi f„G`e gyGLvcvaÅvGqi weGkl Ae`vb wQj| wZwb miKvwi PvKwi
ˆ^GK Aemi MÉnGYi ci wKQyw`b KvkxGZ ˆe`v¯¦kvÕ¨ AaÅqb KGib| ˆe`v¯¦ PPÆvi
RbÅ wZwb wcZvi bvGg üMwji PzuPzovq wek¼bv^ PZzÓ·vVx Õ©vcb KGib ‰es ˆÕ¼vcvwRÆZ
A^Æ «¼viv wek¼bv^ UÇvÕ¡ dv´£ MVb KGi (1894) PZzÓ·vVxi AaÅvcKG`i e†wî`vGbi
eÅeÕ©v KGib| wZwb gvGqi bvGg eËþgqx ˆflRvjq bvGg ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vbI Õ©vcb
KGib|
wnw±`
fvlvi D®²qGbI f„G`e gyGLvcvaÅvGqi Ae`vb ÕÃiYxq| Õ•zj cwi`kÆK ^vKvKvjxb
mgGq Zuvi cÉGPÓ¡vq wenvGi AmsLÅ wnw±` Õ•zj cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| ‰QvovI wZwb
evsjv cyÕ¦GKi wnw±` Abyev`KiY ‰es gƒj wnw±` cyÕ¦K iPbvq mGPÓ¡ wQGjb|
ZuviB cÉÕ¦ve Abyhvqx wenvGii Av`vjZmgƒGn dviwmi cwieGZÆ wnw±` fvlv cÉewZÆZ
nq| wnw±`GK meÆfviZxq fvlvi…Gc MÉnY Kiv DwPZ eGjI wZwb gGb KiGZb|
f„G`e
gyGLvcvaÅvq wQGjb Dwbk kZGKi wewkÓ¡ gbxlx ‰es evsjv mvwnGZÅi cÉvYcyi‚l|
mvwnZÅ, agÆkvÕ¨, mgvR, wkÞv, BwZnvm, weævb cÉf‡wZ ˆÞGò Zuvi Mfxi cvwíGZÅi
Õ¼vÞi ˆgGj| Zuvi KGgÆi mÁÃvbbvÕ¼i…c 1877 wLËÓ¡vGõ wZwb miKvi KZƆK wm.AvB.B
Dcvwa jvf KGib| 1894 wLËÓ¡vGõi 15 ˆg KjKvZvq Zuvi g†ZzÅ nq|
[mgevi‚ P±`Ê gn¯¦]
