f„-MvVwbK i…cGiLv (Tectonic Framework)  ˆh ˆgŒwjK f„-MvVwbK cwiKvVvGgvi Ici evsjvG`k `uvwoGq AvGQ, ˆm mÁ·wKÆZ Z^Åvewj| ˆZj I MÅvmmn LwbR mÁ·`mgƒGni mÁ¿veÅZv gƒjÅvqGbi cÉGqvRGb evsjvG`Gki f„-MvVwbK i…cGiLv mÁ·GKÆ ‰KwU cwiÓ•vi aviYv ^vKv AcwinvhÆ|

ZrKvjxb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉ^g f„-MvVwbK gvbwPòwU 1964 mvGj cÉYxZ nq| cGii eQi A^Ævr 1965 mvGj mvGeK cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb I cvk¼ÆeZÆx ‰jvKvi ˆgŒwjK f„-MvVwbK Dcv`vbmgƒGni ŠewkÓ¡Åvw` cÉYqb Kiv nq| ZGe ZrKvjxb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi eÅvcK f„-MvVwbK Dcv`vbàwj msKwjZ nq 1966 mvGj| AvmvGgi f„-MvVwbK gvbwPò cÉKvwkZ nq 1964 mvGj ‰es evsjvG`Gki f„-MvVwbK ˆkÉYxwebÅvm cÉYqb Kiv nq 1972 mvGj| Aciw`GK evsjvG`Gki f„-MvVwbK i‚cGiLv ‰es ˆZj I MÅvGmi mÁ¿veÅZv cÉKvwkZ nq 1978 mvGj| evsjvG`k AZxZ I eZÆgvb kxlÆK f„-MvVwbK gvbwPò DcÕ©vwcZ nq 1983 mvGj|

evsjvG`k `ywU cÉavb f-ƒMvVwbK BDwbGU wefî×: (K) DîicwøGgi mywÕ©Z cÉvKKÅvÁ¼Ëxq µÏÅvUdgÆ I (L) `wÞYcƒGeÆi gnxLvZxq ˆewmb| wné Açj (Hinge zone) bvGg cwiwPZ msKxYÆ DîicƒeÆ-`wÞYcwøggyLx ‰KwU Z‡Zxq BDwbU ˆ`Gki cÉvq gaÅfvGM AeÕ©vb wbGq DcGivî× `ywU cÉavb BDwbUGK wefî× KGi ˆiGLGQ| ‰B wné Açj eZÆgvGb cÉvPxb gnvG`kxq Xvj (Paleo-continental slope) bvGg cwiwPZ|  [wmdvZzj KvG`i ˆPŒayix]

mywÕ©Z cÉvKKÅvÁ¼Ëxq µÏÅvUdgÆ  evsjvG`Gk eãxq AeevwnKvi mywÕ©Z ˆmvcvbGKB mywÕ©Z cÉvKKÅvÁ¼Ëxq µÏÅvUdgÆ wnGmGe AvLÅvwqZ Kiv nq| AeevwnKvi ‰B AskwU KjKvZv I gqgbwmsnGK hyî×Kvix ˆiLvi cwøg I DîicwøGg AewÕ©Z| KjKvZv-gqgbwmsn AwfKlÆxq DœPf„wg (Gravity High) bvGg cÉvqk DwÍÏwLZ ‰B ˆiLv AeevwnKvi ev mywÕ©Z ˆmvcvGbi AeevwnKvgyLx mÁcÉmviGYi wné AçGji cÉwZwbwaZ½ KGi| eãxq AeevwnKvi evsjvG`k AsGk AewÕ©Z mywÕ©Z ˆmvcvbGK wZbwU cÉavb ejGq fvM Kiv hvq| ˆmàwj nGœQ w`bvRcyi Xvj (Dinajpur slope), iscyi mÅvGWj (Rangpur Saddle) I eàov bwZ (Bogra slope)| wò×GUwmqvm (144 ˆ^GK 66 wgwjqb eQi cƒGeÆ) ˆ^GK mvÁcÉwZK hyGMi AeGÞc AwakvwqZ gnvG`kxq f„Z½GK ‰wU MwVZ| AekÅ mywÕ©Z ˆmvcvGbi wKQy wKQy wewœQ®² AeevwnKvq DGÍÏLGhvMÅ cwigvY Kqjvmn cvGgÆvKvGeÆvwbGdivm (360-246 wgwjqb eQi cƒGeÆ) AeGÞc iGqGQ| eãxq AeevwnKvi mywÕ©Z ˆmvcvGbi DcwiwÕ©Z cvjwjK Õ¦GÁ¿i cyi‚Z½ wbGÁ² 200 wgUvi ˆ^GK EGa»Æ 8000 wgUvi chƯ¦| AeevwnKvi ‰KUv eo Ask BGqvwmb hyMxq (58 wgwjqb ˆ^GK 37 wgwjqb eQi cƒGeÆ) wmGjU Pzbvcv^Gi (Sylhet limestone) cƒYÆ| f„KÁ·xq cÉwZdjGb wmGjU Pzbvcv^i mywÕ©Z ˆmvcvGbi AeevwnKvgyLx weÕ¦vGii wbG`ÆkK| ˆmvcvGbi evsjvG`k AsGk Kqjv, Pzbvcv^i I KwVb wkjv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ LwbR mÁ·` eGj weGewPZ| ZGe fviZxq ˆmvcvGbi gƒjÅevb avZz I Aei avZzI (Base metal) ‰LvGb we`Ågvb ^vKvi cÉgvY iGqGQ| ‰LvGb ˆZj I MÅvGmi m®¬vb jvGfi mÁ¿vebvI iGqGQ| KviY AbÅvbÅ eü cvjwjK AeevwnKvi ˆÞGò ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆZj I MÅvm AeevwnKvi AMfxi AsGk Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ nq| ‰Qvov mywÕ©Z ˆmvcvGb wmGjU Pzbvcv^i, ˆZj I MÅvm gRyG`i RbÅ Drm wkjv I Avavwi wkjv wnGmGe KvR KGi|  [gvngy` Avjg]

iscyi mÅvGWj (Rangpur Saddle)  fviZxq µÏÅvUdGgÆi cÉZxK| ‰wU wkjs gÅvwmd (Shillong massif) I wgwKi wnjm (Mikir hills)-‰i mGã Bw´£qvb wkΣGK (Indian Shield) hyî× KGiGQ| wkjs gÅvwmd nGœQ Bw´£qvb wkGΣi ‰KwU e†nr NvZÕ¦ƒc (Thrust)| iscyi mÅvGWGj wfZ Ask meGPGq DwïZ ‰es cvZjv cvjwjK AeGÞGc Ave†Z| w`bvRcyGii gaÅcvov AçGj wfZ Ask f„-c†Ó¤ ˆ^GK gvò 130 wgUvi MfxGi, hv µÏvGqv-µÏvBmGUvwmb hyGMi WzwcwUjv ˆeGjcv^i I gaycyi K`Æg «¼viv AwakvwqZ| iscyi mÅvGWj wZbfvGM wefî×- iscyi mÅvGWj, iscyi mÅvGWGji Dîivçjxq Xvj I iscyi mÅvGWGji `wÞYvçjxq Xvj| 1963-64 mvGj iscyi-w`bvRcyi ˆRjvq IwRwWwm (Oil and Gas Development Corporation) KZ‡ÆK AvnwiZ f„KÁ·xq DcvGî (Seismic data) cwiÓ•vi ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, iscyi mÅvGWGji Dîivçjxq I `wÞYvçjxq DfqZ XvjB ˆek AvjGZv| ‰i wfZ gaÅcvov ˆ^GK `wÞYcƒeÆ AwfgyGL iscyi mÅvGWGji `wÞYvçjxq Xvj bvGg cwiwPZ wné Açj chƯ¦ AvjGZvfvGe ˆbGg ˆMGQ| Dîivçjxq I `wÞYvçjxq XvGji mGã iscyi mÅvGWGji Abygvb wfwîK mxgvbvwU wfGZi cÉvq 700 wgUvi mGgv®²wZ ˆiLvq (Contour line) wPwn×Z Kiv ˆMGQ| ‰wU eãxq cyitLvZ (Bengal Foredeep) I wngvjqx cyitLvZGK (Himalayan Foredeep) wefî× KGiGQ|

iscyi mÅvGWGji Dîivçjxq Xvj, hv w`bvRcyi Xvj bvGgI cwiwPZ, iscyi-w`bvRcyi ˆRjvi Dîi cwøgvçj RyGo iGqGQ ‰es 3°-4° bwZgvòvq ò×gv¯¼Gq AGavwngvjqx cyitLvZ AwfgyGL ˆbGg ˆMGQ| AekÅ ˆZuZzwjqv AçGj ‰B bwZgvòv AvKwÕÃK e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| ˆZj I MÅvm Abym®¬vGbi RbÅ ˆkj (Shell) 1988 mvGj evsjvG`Gki meÆGkl Dîi-cwøgvçjxq we±`y mvjebnvGU (Salbanhat) ˆh ‰Kgvò K„cwU Lbb KGiwQj, hvi DGókÅ wQj ‰KwU KvGeÆvGbU ejGqi AwÕ¦Z½ LuyGR ˆ`Lv, Zv gvGqv-µÏvGqvwmb Õ¦iò×g ˆf` KGi wfGZi 2518 wgUvi MfxGi wMGq ˆkl nq| wK¯§ ZvGZ BGqvwmb-Pzbvcv^Gii (Eocene Limestone) ˆKvb nw`m ˆgGj wb| w`bvRcyi Xvj I AGavwngvjqx cyitLvGZi msGhvMÕ©Gji cÉK‡wZ mÁ·GKÆ aviYv ‰LbI cwiÓ•vi bq|  [wW.ˆK àn]

eàov ˆmvcvb (Bogra Shelf)  iscyi mÅvGWGji `wÞYvçjxq XvGji bgybvÕ¼i…c| eàov ‰KwU AvçwjK ˆmvcvbGkÉYx hv `wÞYcƒGeÆ AvjGZvfvGe wné Açj AwfgyGL ˆbGg hvGœQ| ‰B Açj AeGÞcY I MvVwbK Dfq AG^ÆB iscyi mÅvGWj I eãxq cyitLvGZi gGaÅ mw®¬Õ©j| wné Açj chƯ¦ eàov ˆmvcvGbi cÉÕ© 60 ˆ^GK 125 wKwgi gGaÅ| ‰LvbKvi cvjwjK Õ¦iò×Ggi cyi‚Z½ `wÞYcƒeÆfvGM DîGivîi e†w«¬ cvq| KzPgv I eàovi `ywU K„c LbGbi mgq Õ¡ÅvbfÅvK AGqj ˆKvÁ·vwb gaÅ cçvGki `kGK H AçGj evqy ˆPŒÁ¼K I f„KÁ·xq Rwic cwiPvjbv KGi| BGqvwmb Pzbvcv^Gii (eàov Pzbvcv^i) Ici f„KÁ·xq ˆiLvwPGò AvçwjK bwZ 2°-3° ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰Qvov ˆek wKQy DîicƒeÆ-`wÞYcwøg cÉeY PzÅwZI jÞÅ Kiv hvq, hvi gGaÅ eàov PzÅwZ meGPGq jÞYxq| wmGjU Pzbvcv^Gii cÉwZbÅvm Lye mÁ¿eZ AvwKÆqvb ˆeRGgG´Ÿi (Archean Basement) c†Ó¤G`kB cÉwZdwjZ KGi| ‰B f„-MvVwbK AçGj ˆKvb Ave«¬ Ea»Æfã ˆbB| eàovPzÅwZ KzPgv I eàovi MvVwbK cÉeYZvq evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ nvBGWÈvKveÆb gRyZ ivLvi RbÅ ˆKvb ‘wmj’-‰i DcwÕ©wZi cÉgvY DcÕ©vcb KGi wb|  [wW.ˆK àn]

KjKvZv-gqgbwmsn AwfKwlÆK nvB (Calcutta-Mymensingh Gravity High)  wné Açj bvGg ‰KwU MvVwbK Dcv`vGbi cÉZxK, hv AwZ mvÁcÉwZK KvGj evsjvG`Gki f„ZGî½ ‘cÉvPxb gnxXvj’ wnGmGe cwiwPZ| wné AçjwU ‰KwU cÉvq 25 wKwg PIov RwUjfã (Complex flexure zone) Açj, hv eãxq cyitLvZGK ˆmvcvb Açj ˆ^GK c†^K KGiGQ| ‰wU KjKvZv-cvebv-gqgbwmsn AwfKwlÆK nvB eivei AvbygvwYK Dîi 30° cƒeÆ w`GK euvK ˆLGq WvDwK PzÅwZi cwøgvçjxq ˆkl we±`y chƯ¦ cÉmvwiZ| wfZ wkjvi bwZGZ AvKwÕÃK cwieZÆb I ‰KB mGã PzÅwZmgƒGn Mfxi ˆcÉvw^Z Õ©vbPzÅwZ «¼viv ‰B Açj ŠewkÓ¡ÅgwíZ, AwfKlÆxq I ˆPŒÁ¼K AmãwZmgƒGn hv cÉwZdwjZ|

‰B AçGj BGqvwmb Pzbvcv^i ˆmvcvb AçGji 2° ˆ^GK 3°  Zzjbvq cÉvq 200 MfxGi ˆcÉvw^Z| f„KÁ·xq Z^Å eÅvLÅvGb ˆ`Lv hvq wmGjU Pzbvcv^Gii MfxiZv, hv ‰KwU kwî×kvjx f„KÁ·xq cÉwZdjK, 25 wKwgi msKxYÆ ejGq 4000 wgUvi ˆ^GK 9000 wgUvGi e†w«¬ cvq| fviGZi cwøgeGãi `wÞY cƒeÆvçGji A¯¦f„Æc†Ó¤ eÅvLÅvGbi mgq wmGjU Pzbvcv^Gii kxGlÆ ‰KwU fwãj ejq kbvî× Kiv ˆMGQ, hv fviGZi wné ejGqiB mÁcÉmvwiZ Ask|

wné ejq Mfxi wfZ PzÅwZi gvaÅGg eãxq cyitLvGZi mGã mshyî×, hv mÁ¿eZ MG´£vqvbvjÅvG´£i ˆfGã covi mGã ÷i‚ nq| ˆmB ˆ^GK PzÅwZàwj evisevi mwò×q nGqGQ| evsjvG`Gki DîicƒGeÆ wné Açj cƒeÆ w`GK euvK wbGqGQ ‰es mÁ¿eZ Abyò×wgK cƒeÆ-cwøg aviv cÉeY PzÅwZi «¼viv WvDwK PzÅwZi mGã mshyî× nGqGQ eGj gGb nGœQ|  [Av.m.g DevB`DÍÏvn]

gnxLvZxq AeevwnKv (Geosynclinal Basin)  `wÞY-cƒeÆvçGji gnxLvZxq AeevwnKv weP„wYÆZ cvjwjK wkjvi eÅvcK cyi‚GZ½i «¼viv (AeevwnKv ˆKG±`Êi KvGQ meÆvwaK cÉvq 20 wKwg) ŠewkÓ¡ÅgwíZ, hvi AwaKvskB ˆeGjcv^i I Uviwkqvix hyGMi K`Ægwkjv| ‰wU e†nîi XvKv, dwi`cyi, ˆbvqvLvwj, wmGjU, KzwgÍÏv I PëMÉvg ‰jvKv RyGo we`Ågvb| AeevwnKvq wecyj AeGÞGci KviY ‰B AçGji f„-MvVwbK MwZkxjZv ev AwÕ©wZ, hv ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe mswÞµ¦ f„Zvwî½K mgGqi gGaÅ `Ë‚Z Aebgb I AeGÞcGYi m†wÓ¡ KiGQ| gnxLvZxq AeevwnKv `ywU AsGk DcwefvwRZ  cƒeÆvçGji ewjZ ejq ‰es cwøGgi cyitLvZ|

eãxq cyitLvZ wnéGiLv I AvivKvbBGqvgv ewjZ ò×Ggi gaÅeZÆx wekvj ‰jvKv RyGo iGqGQ ‰es eãxq AeevwnKvi f„-MvVwbK BwZnvGm meGPGq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KiGQ| f„-MvVwbKfvGe eãxq cyitLvZGK `ywU cÉavb AçGj fvM Kiv hvq: (K) cwøgvçjxq D®²xZ mgZj I (L) cƒeÆvçjxq ewjZ ejq| cwøgvçjxq D®²xZ mgZj Avevi (K) dwi`cyi Lv`, (L) ewikvj-Puv`cyi nvB, (M) nvwZqv Lv`, (N) gaycyi Mo I (O) wmGjU LvG` DcwefvwRZ|

wné Açj msj™² dwi`cyi Lv` ‰KwU mvaviY AwfKwlÆK ˆjv (Low) «¼viv ŠewkÓ¡ÅgwíZ, hv wbIwRb (Neogene) Õ¦iò×g «¼viv MwVZ| c«Âv ‰es hgybvi mãgÕ©j ˆ^GK `wÞGY wmGjU Pzbvcv^i 6500 wgUvi MfxGi iGqGQ| Pvjbv I evGMinvU AwZ Kg eÅvwµ¦i jÞYxq MvVwbK nvB (structural high)|

nvwZqv Lv` eãxq AeevwnKvi meGPGq Mfxi Lv` ˆhLvGb P„wYÆZ AeGÞGci e†nîg gRyZ Rgv nGœQ| eãxq cyitLvGZi AÞ nvwZqv LvG`i kxlÆwe±`yi gaÅw`Gq AwZò×g KiGQ| kvnevRcyi (ˆfvjv), KzZzew`qv, mvãy I AbÅvbÅ DcK„jxq f„MVbmgƒn ‰LvGb AeÕ©vb KiGQ, hvi gGaÅ mvãy eZÆgvGb MÅvm Drcv`b KiGQ ‰es kvnevRcyiy I KzZzew`qv Drcv`Gbi AGcÞvq iGqGQ| gaycyi MGoi µÏvBmGUvwmb ˆmvcvGbi cÉwZK gaycyi nvB dwi`cyi Lv`GK wmGjU Lv` ˆ^GK (myigv AeevwnKv) c†^K KGiGQ| ‰LvGb wfZ ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe DwïZ, hv AwfKwlÆK I evqyGPŒÁ¼K DcvGî cÉgvwYZ| f„-i…cZvwî½K RwiGc gaycyGii cƒGeÆ mÁcÉwZ ‰KwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ cÉvK‡wZK DrGÞGci cÉgvY cvIqv hvq| ‰Qvov UvãvBGji `wÞGY bvMicyi ˆWvg (Dome) I bvw±`bv nvB ˆ^GK cÉgvY ˆgGj ˆh, wfGZi ‰me Ask f„Zvwî½K ŠewPGòi Dci AwakvwqZ cvjwjK Õ¦iò×Ggi AvK‡wZMZ cwieZÆb mvab KiGQ bv| ‰KwU AwfKwlÆK I ˆPŒÁ¼K AmsMwZ wnGmGe ewYÆZ ewikvj-Puv`cyi nvB AwZ MfxGi gÅvMgxq c`v^Æ «¼viv m†Ó¡| eãxq cyitLvGZi dwi`cyi Lv` I nvwZqv LvG`i gGaÅ ‰B ejGqi AeÕ©vb| ejqwUi cvk cÉvq 60 wKwg ‰es cvjwjK AvœQv`KwUi Abyi…c eGj AvcvZfvGe cÉZxqgvb nq| ˆek wKQy AwfKwlÆK AmsMwZ ‰B AçGj QwoGq wQwUGq iGqGQ| ewikvj-Puv`cyi nvB ˆ^GK DîicƒeÆ cvGk cÉmvwiZ ‰KwU cÉvPxb nvB iGqGQ aGi wbGq ŠkjwkivwU Dîi-`wÞY AwfgyGL ewikvj-Puv`cyi nvBGqi `wÞGY euvK wbGq bvBbwU BÕ¡ wiGRi mGã wgwjZ nGqGQ eGj K͸bv Kiv nGqGQ| eãxq cyitLvZGK `yfvGM wefî×Kvix ˆKvb Škjwkivi AwÕ¦GZ½i Õ¼cGÞ ˆKvb mywbw`ÆÓ¡ cÉgvY ˆbB| cv^iNvUv, gyjvw`, Puv`cyi, jßxcyi, gyw´ÖMé, KvgZv I `vD`Kvw±` ‰B ejGqi cÉavb cÉavb Ea»Æfãxq MVb| gyjvw`i K„cmgƒn Dîivçjxq ˆKÑvRvGii NvUwZi KviGY evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ nvBGWÈvKveÆb gRyZ Abym®¬vGb BwZevPK djvdj cÉ`vGb eÅ^Æ nq| f„KÁ·xq RwiGci gvaÅGg ‰B AçGj hG^Ó¡ Abym®¬vb PvjvGbv nq wb|

‰B ejGqi cƒeÆ w`GK AewÕ©Z eãxq AeevwnKvi meGPGq Mfxi Lv` nvwZqv Lv` `wÞGY eGãvcmvMGii w`GK D¯Ãyî× iGqGQ| ‰LvbKvi cvjwjK Õ¦iò×g 20 wKwg AwaK cyi‚| DcK„jxq MÅvmGÞò KzZzew`qv I mvãy ‰es kvnevRcyi (ˆfvjv) I ˆeMgMGéi Õ©jfvGMi MÅvmGÞòmgƒn nvwZqv LvG`i A¯¦fzÆî×| ‰KBfvGe wné AçGji evBGi dwi`cyi LvG`I AeGÞGci weivU gRyZ iGqGQ| `ywU Mfxi AebwgZ LvG`i gvSLvGb AewÕ©Z ewikvj-Puv`cyi nvB weGkl KGi nvwZqv LvG` AewÕ©Z KGqKwU MÅvmGÞò Ave«¬ f„-MVGb (Closed structure) mÁ¿vebvgq ˆZj I MÅvmGÞò wnGmGe weGewPZ| ‰B f„-MvVwbK ejGq mÁcÉwZ DîicƒeÆ-`wÞYcwøg cÉeY ˆek KGqKwU f„cÉvK‡wZK Dïvb nGqGQ- AvgZjx ‰jvKv I ewikvj-gyjvw` ejq hvi gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ|  [wW.ˆK àn]

gaycyi ev gqgbwmsn nvB (Madhupur or Mymensingh High)  AçjwU ZiwãZ f„-cÉK‡wZi cÉZxK, hv msj™² mwò×q µÏvebf„wg ˆ^GK mvgvbÅ DuPzGZ AewÕ©Z| gaycyGi f„-MvVwbK RwUjZv mnGRB cwi`†kÅgvb, ˆhLvGb gaycyi Õ¦imgwÓ¡i wbGP Wzwc wUjv evjy cÉKwUZ| AwaKvsk MGelGKi wek¼vm, gaycyi Mo f„-MvVwbKfvGe DwïZ f„c†GÓ¤i cÉZxK ‰es AwZ mvÁcÉwZK KvGj ‰jvKvwUi Dïvb NGU| Zviv 1762 mvGji f„wgKÁ·GK ‰i KviY eGj DGÍÏL KGib| ‰i ‰KUv KviY PëMÉvg I XvKvi gaÅ w`Gq Dîi-cwøg AwfgyGL weÕ¦vwiZ ‘AvG™²q-wò×qvkxj’ (volcano active) ejGqi AGÞ gaycyi Mo AewÕ©Z| Zviv gGb KGib gaycyi MGoi DïvGbi cÉwZwò×qvq ˆh Aebgb NGU ZviB djkÉ‚wZGZ wmGjGU AmsLÅ wbPz nËG`i m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ| ZvG`i aviYv gGZ gaycyi MGoi DïvGbi KviGY eËþcyò bG`i MwZc^ cwiewZÆZ nGq hvq|

ˆek wKQy MGelGKi chÆGeÞGY aiv cGoGQ ˆh, ‰KwU avivò×wgK ‰b-‰Gkjb PzÅwZ (msLÅvq Qq) DwïZ gaycyi MGoi cwøg w`K wNGi ˆiGLGQ| ZuvG`i gGZ gaycyi MGoi ‰b-‰Gkjb PzÅwZ nq AvçwjK eÅeZÆGbi KviGY, bq ‰KwU Õ¼xK‡Z mgvwnZ PzÅwZ eivei Õ·kÆK cxoGbi cÉfvGe A^ev Dfqwea KviGY NGU ^vKGe|

eZÆgvGb ˆZRwÕ˜q AãvGii gvaÅGg eqm wbYÆGqi (radiocarbon dating) wfwîGZ gGb Kiv nGœQ ˆh, wKQy eÅwZò×g Qvov (ˆhLvGb Õ©vbxq f„wg Dïvb ˆek cÉKwUZ) mvgwMÉKfvGe gaycyi f„wgc†GÓ¤i DœPZv evnÅZ cÉZxqgvb| Dîi-µÏvBmGUvwmb ˆgŒmywg Rjevqy cƒeÆeãxq mgf„wg AçGj cÉPí ˆmËvZ cÉevGni m†wÓ¡ KGiwQj, hv cÉv^wgK gaycyi f„-c†GÓ¤i eÅeGœQG`i R¯Ã ˆ`q| ˆgŒmywg e†wÓ¡cvGZi gvòv AZÅwaK chÆvGq ˆMGj eÅewœQ®² DcZÅKvmgƒn nGjvwmb AeGÞGc cƒYÆ nGq hvq| ‰i dGj cÉv^wgK f„-cÉvK‡wZK c†GÓ¤i e`Gj wKQyUv wbÁ² AeÕ©vGb f„-cÉvK‡wZK Õ¦i m†wÓ¡ nq|  [ˆgv. ˆnvGmb gbmyi]

wmGjU Lv`  wkjs gÅvwmGdi `wÞY w`GK AewÕ©Z wmGjU Lv` AmsLÅ wej-nvIi mÁ¼wjZ myigv DcZÅKvi eÅvcK wbÁ² ‰jvKvi Abyi…c| ‰LvbKvi mGeÆvœP DœPZvI mgy`Ëc†Ó¤ ˆ^GK wbGP| ‰wU DîicƒeÆvçjxq evsjvG`Gk eãxq cyitLvGZi ‰KwU Dc-AeevwnKv ‰es 84 ‰gwR‰j (milligal) chƯ¦ ‰KwU AwZmyÕ·Ó¡ wekvj e«¬ FYvZÄK AwfKlÆx AmsMwZ «¼viv ŠewkÓ¡ÅgwíZ| wkjs gÅvwmd «¼viv wmGjU LvG`i Dîivçjxq mxgv¯¦ MwVZ ‰es mye†nr WvDwK PzÅwZ gÅvwmGdi ˆ^GK Lv`wUGK c†^K KGiGQ| Lv`wU BG±`v-evgÆv ˆiGéi mÁÃyLeZÆx AçGji cwiewZÆZ AvK‡wZi gGZv cƒeÆ I `wÞY cƒGeÆ Avmvg I wòcyivi Dc-gaÅ‹iwLK cÉeY ewjZ ejq «¼viv Ave«¬|

Bw´£qvb µÏÅvUdgÆ Lv`wUGK cwøg w`K ˆ^GK ˆeo w`Gq ˆiGLGQ| Aciw`GK `wÞYcwøg w`GK ‰wU eãxq AeevwnKvi cÉavb AsGki w`GK D¯Ãyî×| ‰wU cÉvq 130 wKwg jÁ¼v I 60 wKwg PIov ‰KwU wWÁ¼vK‡wZ Lv`| PëMÉvg-wòcyiv ewjZ ejGqi Dc-gaÅ‹iwLK cÉeY Ea»Æfã axGi axGi Dîi AwfgyGL wmGjU LvG` ˆbGg ˆMGQ| ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe g†`y `wÞYvçjxq I Luvov PzÅwZ wewkÓ¡ Dîivçjxq Xvj mnGhvGM AvovAvwofvGe wmGjU Lv` myÕ·Ó¡fvGe AcÉwZmg| 5 wKwg cÉÕ© wewkÓ¡ WvDwK PzÅwZ Açj wkjs gÅvwmd I wmGjU LvG`i gGaÅ msGhvM iÞv KiGQ| wmGjU LvG`i weeZÆb BwZnvGmi gGaÅ iGqGQ: (K) wbwÓ˜q gnvG`kxq Dcv¯¦ (cÉvK-IwjGMvwmb), (L) BG±`vevgÆv ˆiGéi mGã mshyî× ‰KwU cyitZUf„wg AeevwnKv (Oligocene I Miocene) ‰es (M) wkjs gvjf„wgi `wÞY AwfgyLx ˆf`GKi mGã mshyî× ‰KwU cyitZUf„wg AeevwnKv (Pliocene-Holocene)| wmGjU LvG`i `wÞYvçjxq ˆeo RyGo ^vKv nweMé, iwk`cyi, weweqvbv, ˆgŒjfxevRvi, KvUvjKvw±`, ˆdçzMé, nviviMé, cv^vwiqv, weqvbxevRvi (gvgvfv™²v) I ŠKjvm wUjv Ea»Æfã mgƒGni QvZK, Rvjvjvev`, wmGjU, Wzwc wUjv I RvwZsMv f„-MVGbi (Structure) Dc-AÞvskxq MwZavivi wecixGZ Dc-gaÅ‹iwLK MwZaviv iGqGQ| ‰B `yB MvVwbK cÉeYZv wmGjU LvG`i Dîivçjxq kxGlÆ ‰KwU eÅvKiYmÁÃZ webÅvGmi m†wÓ¡ KGiGQ| wmGjU LvG` wbIwRb AeGÞGci weKvk AwZ Dîg nGjI cÅvwjIwRb AeGÞc AvGiv AGbK MfxGi ˆcÉvw^Z|

wmGjU Lv` evsjvG`Gki mePvBGZ mÁ¿vebvgq ˆcGUÇvjxq cÉG`k| BwZgGaÅB ‰LvGb 10wU MÅvmGÞò AvweÓ•‡Z nGqGQ| ˆmàwj nGœQ QvZK, Rvjvjvev`, wmGjU, ŠKjvm wUjv, weqvbxevRvi, ˆdçzMé, iwk`cyi, ˆgŒjfxevRvi, weweqvbv I nweMé| ‰àwji gGaÅ Rvjvjvev`, wmGjU, ŠKjvm wUjv, iwk`cyi I nweMé ˆ^GK cÉwZw`b cÉvq 1000 wgwjqb NbdzU MÅvm DGîvwjZ nGœQ| ‰B MÅvm eüjvsGk KjKviLvbv, evwYwRÅK I MvnÆÕ©Å Pvwn`v cƒiY QvovI we`yÅr Drcv`b I mvi ŠZwii KvGR eÅen…Z nGœQ| evsjvG`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGb ‰B me MÅvmGÞGòi Ae`vb|

ewjZ ejq (Folded Belt) eãxq cyitLvGZi meÆcÉavb f„-MvVwbK Dcv`vGbi cÉZxK| ‰LvGb iGqGQ AvivKvb BGqvgv ewjZ avivi mgv¯¦ivj mvaviY Dc-gaÅ‹iwLK cÉeY cvnvo ˆkÉYx| Dîi-`wÞGY 450 wKwg I PIovq cÉvq 150 wKwg ‰B ewjZ ejq evsjvG`Gki Õ©jfvGM 35,000 eMÆ wKwg ‰jvKv RyGo iGqGQ| AvivKvb BGqvgv ewjZ avivi cwøGg ‰B ewjZ ejGq iGqGQ evsjvG`Gki cƒeÆvçj (wmGjU I PëMÉvg wefvM), wòcyiv, AvmvGgi `wÞYvçj, wgGRvivg I cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi `wÞYcƒeÆ msj™² gvqvbgvi f„LGíi AmsLÅ msKxYÆ, `ËvwNZ Dîi-`wÞY cÉeY fuvR| fuvRàwji ŠewkGÓ¡Åi gGaÅ iGqGQ f„wkiv MVbKvix, AvovAvwofvGe evÝm`†k, wewf®² cÉÕ©wewkÓ¡ DœPeÅvwµ¦ ‰es msj™² f„-MVGbi mvG^ ‰b-‰wkjb mshywî×|

evsjvG`Gk ‰Bme `ËvwNZ Ea»ÆfGãi DœPZv 100 wgUvi ˆ^GK 1000 wgUvi chƯ¦| ‰i gGaÅ wKQy Ea»Æfã PzÅwZwewkÓ¡ ‰es fuvGRi gvòv cwøg ˆ^GK cƒGeÆ ò×gk e†w«¬ cvq| dGj cƒeÆvçjxq Ea»Æfãmgƒn Nb ewjwewkÓ¡ ‰es `yBGqi gGaÅ AeZjfã (syncline) msKxYÆ|

‰LvGb weKwkZ wbDwRb cvjwjK Õ¦iò×g cÉavbZ RxevkÄewRÆZ ‰es gvGS gvGS Av¯¦tÕ¦ixq wcíR wkjvmn cÉavbZ K`Ægwkjv, K`Æg, cwjwkjv I ˆeGjcv^Gii weKvi RwbZ cwieZÆb «¼viv MwVZ, hvGK wkjvjÞGYi wfwîGZ 9wU Õ¦imgwÓ¡GZ DcwefvwRZ Kiv hvq| mvÁcÉwZK MGelYvq mxZvcvnvo Ea»ÆfGãi fzebwkjvq ˆNvjvGU AeGÞGci (Turbidity facies assemblage) DcwÕ©wZ jÞÅ Kiv ˆMGQ| ZGe ‰wU cÉgvGY AviI eÅvcK Abym®¬vb cÉGqvRb|

cÅvwjIwmb AeGÞcmgƒn AGbK MfxGi AebwgZ ‰es AvUMÉvg IX K„c Qvov AbÅGKvb K„Gc ‰wU cvIqv hvq wb| AvUMÉvg IX K„c eovBj MÉ‚Gci ˆibwR Õ¦iò×Ggi 860 wgUi I ˆRbvg Õ¦iò×Ggi 260 wgUvi Afů¦Gi cÉGek KGi| ‰LvbKvi wfZwkjvi MfxiZv Rvbv hvq bv, ZGe mÁ¿eZ 20 wKwg wbGP bq|

ewjZ ejq, fuvR I AbÅvbÅ MvVwbK ŠewkGÓ¡Åi ZxeËZv Abyhvqx `ywU f„-MvVwbK ejGq DcwefvwRZ cwøgvçjxq ejq I cƒeÆvçjxq ejq| cwøgvçjxq ejq mnbxq `†p ewjZ Ea»Æfã ˆhgb evwQqv, jsòvB, evigyiv, A^ivgyiv, aygeyov, Zzjvgyiv, PÅvsGMvZvs, mviG`O, ˆMvevgyiv, mxZvcvnvo, ev±`ievb, gvZvgyüix, IjvUvs, `wÞY bxjv BZÅvw` ‰es gvqvbgvGii gvqy, wcsbv I wmb QvovI weqvwbevRvi (gvgv-fv™²v), ŠKjvm wUjv, ˆdçzMé, KvVvjKvw±`, ˆgŒjfxevRvi, iwk`cyi, nweMé, wZZvm, ˆivwgqv (mvj`vb`x), jvjgvB, Z‡úv, AvMiZjv, jÁ¼yQov, MRvwjqv, ˆdbx, ˆmgyZvs, nvj`v, jvÁ¼vGNvbv, gGnkLvwj, cwUqv, Bbvbx I ˆm´Ÿ gvwUÆGbi gGZv ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe Kg RwUj f„Zvwî½K MVb «¼viv ŠewkÓ¡ÅgwíZ|

cƒeÆvçjxq ejGqi A¯¦fzÆî× nGœQ cv^vwiqv, nviviMR, PiGMvjv, Kvçbcyi, gvQwj^yg, mviLvb, jãvB, e`icyi, QòP„ov, gvwmgcyi, ˆisGZ, fzeb, Šfiex, nvPnvK, ˆmbGUU, hvbjb, hveIqvK, gjfg, RvgcvB, fqvQwo, wkkK, Kvmvjs, eiKj, DVvbQò, ˆejvmwi, wMjvmwi, gIWK, jÅvsGmb, ^yqvgdzB, gIivIqvc, dvjdvs I KvGjUIqv|

cwøgvçjxq ejq evsjvG`Gk meGPGq mÁ¿vebvgq I ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆZj I MÅvm cÉG`k| ‰B AçGji Dîi ˆ^GK `wÞY Ask RyGo iGqGQ 12wU MÅvmGÞò| ˆmàwj nGœQ ŠKjvm wUjv, weqvwbevRvi, ˆdçzMé, ˆgŒjfxevRvi, iwk`cyi, weweqvbv, nweMé, wZZvm, evLivev`, iywLqv, ˆdbx I ˆmgyZvs|  [wW.ˆK àn]