f„MfÆÕ© cvwb (Groundwater)
f„-c†GÓ¤i wbGP mwçZ cvwb mÁ·` hv cÉavbZ f„-c†GÓ¤i ˆPvqvGbv cvwb wbGq
MwVZ| ‰B cvwb g†wîKv I Zvi iG®¬Ë mwçZ nq| f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi DcGii Õ¦iGK
eGj f„-Rjc†Ó¤ (water table)|
c†w^exi Õ¼v`yRj mÁ·G`i cÉvq 30% AvGm f„MfÆÕ© cvwb ˆ^GK| b`x RjvkGq ‰B
cvwbi cwigvY ‰K kZvsGkiI Kg| ev`evwK 69% wngevn AvKvGi mwçZ nGq AvGQ|
f„Zvwî½KfvGe cvwbPGò×i ‰KwU AbÅZg Dcv`vb f„MfÆÕ© cvwb hv f„MfÆÕ© RjÕ¦i
(aquifer) bvGg cwiwPZ wkjvÕ¦Gi mwçZ
^vGK| e†wÓ¡i cvwb I f„-c†Ó¤ Rjivwk f„-c†GÓ¤ AbycÉGek KGi hLb f„-Rjc†GÓ¤
ˆcuŒQvq, ZLb f„Afů¦Gi ‰B cvwbivwki ‰K `xNÆ I g¯©i hvòv ÷i‚ nq hvi MwZ
w`Gb gvò KGqK wgwjwgUvi ˆ^GK KGqK wgUvi chƯ¦ nGZ cvGi| f„-Rjc†GÓ¤i
DcGii ZjfvMGK Acwic†î× Açj (unsaturated zone)
I wbGPi ZjfvMGK cwic†î× Açj (saturated zone)
ejv nq| Acwic†î× AçGji g†wîKv I wkjv cvwbi cÉavb cÉavb Ac`ËeÅ cwiGkvab
KGi| cwic†î× AçGji wkjv I g†wîKv ZvGK AviI ˆewk cwigvGY cwikÉ‚Z I we÷«¬
KGi ˆZvGj| ‰B cÉwò×qvq cvwb RxevYy I `ƒlYgyî× nq| f„MfÆÕ© cvwb mvaviYZ
‰Kw`GK ˆhgb we÷«¬Zvi w`K ˆ^GK LyeB Dîg gvGbi, AbÅw`GK ivmvqwbKfvGe chÆvµ¦
gvbmÁ·®²| f„MfÆÕ© RjÕ¦Gi Lye Kg cÉevnmn wecyj cwigvY cvwb mwçZ KGi ‰es
K„c, bjK„c Lbb KGi ev SbÆvi gvaÅGg mnGRB Zv AvniYGhvMÅ| f„MfÆÕ© RjÕ¦Gii
ài‚Z½ wbfÆi KGi Õ¦imgƒGni f„Zvwî½K cÉK‡wZi Ici| ˆhgb: cvjwjK Õ¦imgwÓ¡
Dîg f„MfÆÕ© RjÕ¦Gii cÉwZf„ Avi KwVb wkjvi cvwb mçq ÞgZv AZů¦ Kg|
evsjvG`Gk
Kg MfxiZvq f„MfÆÕ© cvwb cvIqv hvq| µÏvebf„wg AçGj mvÁ·ÉwZK b`xevwnZ
AeGÞGci gvGS f„MfÆÕ© RjÕ¦i MwVZ nGœQ| DœPZi ˆmvcvbmgƒGn ˆhgb, eGi±`Ê
I gaycyi Mo AçGj µÏvBmGUvwmb hyGMi WzwcwUjv evjy f„MfÆÕ© RjÕ¦i wnGmGe
KvR KGi| cvnvwo AçGj µÏvGqvwmb wUcvg evjy RjÕ¦Gii RbÅ Dchyî×| evsjvG`Gki
cÉvq meÆòB f„-Rjc†Ó¤, f„-c†GÓ¤i Lye KvGQ AeÕ©vb KGi ‰es evwlÆK AvMgb
I wbMÆgb avivq wKwçr DVvbvgv KGi| evsjvG`Gk f„MfÆÕ© RjÕ¦Gi cybtmçviY
cÉavbZ e†wÓ¡ I ebÅvi cvwbi Abyf„wgK AbymËeGbi gvaÅGg NGU ^vGK| b`x I
AbÅvbÅ cÉvK‡wZK RjvkqàGjv KvQvKvwQ f„MfÆÕ© RjÕ¦imgƒGn Õ©vbxqfvGe cvwb
mieivn KGi| Rj wbÓ•vkGbi cÉavb gvaÅg nGœQ wewf®² aiGbi bjK„Gci mvnvGhÅ
f„MfÆÕ© cvwb ZzGj ˆbIqv| wbÁ²Zi Aeò×Ggi (lower
gradient) w`GK cÉevGni gvaÅGgI wKQy cvwb wbÓ˜v¯¦ nq| elÆv ˆgŒmyGg
f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi Õ¦i f„-c†GÓ¤i Lye KvGQ DGV AvGm| Avevi ‰wcÉj-ˆg gvGm Zv
meGPGq MfxGi ˆbGg hvq| XvKv kni I eGi±`Ê ‰jvKv Qvov evsjvG`Gki AwaKvsk
AçGjB ‰B cÉeYZv ‰KiKg| cvwb mÁ·G`i Amg e¥ŸGbi KviGY evsjvG`Gk ÷Kbv ˆgŒmyGg
cvwbi Pvwn`v cÉavbZ f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi gvaÅGg cƒiY Kiv nq|
evsjvG`Gk
cÉvq 97% MÉvGgi gvbyl Lvevi cvwbi RbÅ f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi Ici wbfÆi KGi| kni
AçGjI cvwbi mieivn cÉavbZ f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi Ici wbfÆi KGi| XvKv bMGi ˆgvU
Rj mieivGni 95 kZvsGki ˆewk AvGm f„MfÆÕ© cvwb
ˆ^GK, evwKUv f„c†Ó¤Õ© RjGkvaGbi gvaÅGg AvGm| f„MfÆÕ© cvwb ˆmPKvGRI
eÅvcKfvGe eÅen…Z nq| 1995 mvGji wnmve Abyhvqx ˆgvU ˆmGPi 72% cvwb DGîvwjZ
nq f„MfÆ ˆ^GK| gnvcwiK͸bv msÕ©vi (MPO)
1989 mvGji Rwic ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq evsjvG`Gk f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi gRyZ 2,575 ˆKvwU
NbwgUvi hvi gGaÅ 168.6 ˆKvwU NbwgUvi DGîvjbGhvMÅ bq| evwK gRyGZi 90
ˆKvwU NbwgUvi M†nÕ©vwj I wk͸ Drcv`Gb ‰es mGeÆvœP 1,2 81 ˆKvwU NbwgUvi K‡wli RbÅ eÅen…Z nGZ cvGi|
evsjvG`Gk
f„MfÆÕ© cvwb D®²qGb wKQy cÉwZe®¬KZv iGqGQ| meGPGq eo evav nGjv f„MfÆÕ©
cvwbGZ eÅvcK AvGmÆwbK `ƒlY| AvGmwbK `ƒlY AvweÓ•‡Z nIqvi AvGM MÉvGgi
97% gvbyl cvGbi RbÅ f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi Ici wbfÆikxj wQj| eZÆgvGb ‰B cwigvY
KGg 80% ‰ `uvwoGqGQ| AvGmÆwbK QvovI ˆjvnvi DœPnvi, DcK„jxq AçGj DœP
jeYvî×Zv, gÅvãvwbGRi AZÅwaK ZxeËZv BZÅvw` cvwbi àY bÓ¡ KiGQ| gjgƒGòi
KwjdgÆI ‰KUv eo mgmÅv, weGkl KGi AMfxi f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi RbÅ| ˆmGPi RbÅ
eÅvcK DGîvjGbi `i‚b ÷Kbv ˆgŒmyGg f„-Rj c†Ó¤ wbGP ˆbGg hvIqvI ‰KwU weGkl
mgmÅv| f„-Rj c†Ó¤ 6 wgUvGii wbGP ˆbGg ˆMGj mvaviYfvGe cÉPwjZ nÕ¦PvwjZ
bjK„Gc cvwb IGV bv| ZLb wf®²Zi cÉhywî×i AvkÉq wbGZ nq| f„-Rj c†GÓ¤i
AeÅvnZ Aebgb K„c LbGbi LiPI evwoGq ˆZvGj| f„-Rj c†Ó¤ ˆbGg hvIqvi AvGiKwU
ÞwZKi w`K nGœQ f„wg ˆ`Ge hvIqv| AekÅ cƒeÆvfvm mGî½I, f„MfÆÕ© cvwb DGîvjGbi
KviGY evsjvG`Gk f„wg AebgGbi ˆKvb jÞY ‰LbI ˆ`Lv hvq wb| KjKviLvbv I
ˆcŒi eRÆÅ hòZò ˆdjvi KviGYI XvKvi gGZv eo eo knGi f„MfÆÕ© cvwbi gvb
ÞzY³ nGœQ|
[KvRx
gwZb Dwób AvnGg` ‰es ˆgvt AvjgMxi ˆnvGmb]