f„ëv (Maize)  Cyperales eGMÆi Graminae ˆMvGòi ‰K`vbv Lv`ÅkmÅ, Zea mays| hyî×ivÓ¡Ë ‰es KvbvWvq fzëv ‘KbÆ’ (corn) bvGg mycwiwPZ ‰es ‰wU ˆmLvbKvi AbÅZg cÉavb `vbv dmj (cereal crop)| ‘ˆgBR’ (maize) kGõi Drcwî fviZxq AvivIqvK (Arawak) kõ ma-hiz ˆ^GK| ÕcÅvwbk fvlvq ‰GK maiz ejv nq ‰es ‰ kõ AvGgwiKvi ÕcÅvwbk fvlv-fvlxG`i gGaÅ ‰LGbv Pvjy AvGQ| cwøg ˆMvjvGaÆ BDGivwcqvbG`i ˆcuŒQvevi cƒGeÆB AvGgwiKvq fzëvi Pvlvev` ÷i‚ nq eGj Rvbv hvq| ZGe KGe KLb ˆKv^vq PvlGhvMÅ fzëvi RvZ cÉ^g D«¿„Z nGqwQj ˆm mÁ¼G®¬ weGkl wKQy Rvbv hvq wb| AGbK weævbx gGb KGib Zea mexicana cÉRvwZi AbyK„j cwieÅwî×i (mutation) gvaÅGg AvaywbK KvGji Avev`GhvMÅ fzëvi D«¿e nGqGQ| ˆgwÝGKv A^ev gaÅ AvGgwiKv fzëv D«¿Gei ˆK±`ÊÕ©j eGj gGb Kiv nq ‰es ˆmLvb ˆ^GK cieZÆxGZ c†w^exi bvbv ˆ`Gk ‰wU QwoGq cGo| c†w^exi eüG`Gk ‰Lb fzëvi Pvl nq| ‰wkqvi cÉavb fzëv PvGli ˆ`kàGjvi gGaÅ wdwjcvBb, ^vBjÅv´£, Pxb, fviZ ‰es cvwKÕ¦vb DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| evsjvG`Gk Lwid (Kharif) ‰es iwe (Rabi) ˆgŒmyGg KgGewk cÉvq me ˆRjvGZB mxwgZ cwigvY RwgGZ fzëvi Pvl nq| fzëv ˆ^GK ŠZwi LvG`Åi mGã ‰ ˆ`Gki gvbyl ˆZgb cwiwPZ bv nevi KviGY ‰ dmj PvGli ˆZgb Drmvn ‰LvbKvi K‡lKG`i ˆbB| BDGivc ‰es AvGgwiKvq fzëv AbÅZg cÉavb Lv`ÅkmÅ| ˆgwÝGKv, wPwj, gaÅ AvGgwiKv ‰es cƒeÆ I `wÞY AvwdÌKvq AGbK aiGbi cÉavb Lv`Å eÕ§ ŠZwi nq fzëv ˆ^GK|

fzëv ‰KexRcòx, kî× ‰K KvíwewkÓ¡ exi‚r| MvQ ˆmvRv ev Lvov nGq R¯Ãvq ‰es ˆVmgƒj gvwUi mvG^ ‰GK AvUGK ivGL| ˆVmgƒj ˆek ˆgvUv, cieZÆxGZ gvwUGZ cÉGek KGi ‰àGjv Õ¼vfvweK gƒGji bÅvq KvR KGi| fzëv MvGQi DœPZv nq AGbKUv AvL MvGQi gGZvB| RvZ (variety) A^ev cÉRvwZ ˆfG` 1 ˆ^GK 3 wg chƯ¦ jÁ¼v nGZ cvGi| K`vwPr Kzwk nq| Kví wbGiU, 3-4 ˆmwg eÅvmhyî×| cGeÆi (node) msLÅv mvaviYZ 11-15wU| gvGSi ev DcGii w`GKi cGeÆi Kzuwoi gGaÅ ˆgvPv (cob) RG¯Ã| ˆgvPvi msLÅv RvZ ˆfG` KgGewk nq| fzëvi cvZv MvGQi `ycvGk `ymvwiGZ mvRvGbv, mvaviYZ msLÅvq nq 16 ˆ^GK 23| cvZv jÁ¼v I PIov, avi wKQyUv ˆXD ˆLjvGbv| cvZvi DcwifvGM Þz`Ë Þz`Ë KuvUvi gGZv ˆivg ^vKvq Agm†Y ˆ`Lvq; AâxqfvM gm†Y| cys I Õ¨x cyÓcgéix ‰KB MvGQ c†^K c†^KfvGe AewÕ©Z| cyi‚l cyÓcgéixGK UvGmj (tassel) eGj| Õ¨x cyÓcgéixGK ejv nq ˆgvPv, ‰wU cwiewZÆZ KGqKwU cvZvq Ave†Z ^vGK|

f„ëvi ˆgvPv

wewf®² cÉKvi gvwUGZ fzëvi Pvl Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| ZGe ˆeGj ˆ`v-Auvk ˆ^GK fvix ‰uGUj-ˆ`v-Auvk gvwUGZ fzëv fvj RG¯Ã| gvwUi pH gvòv 5.5 ˆ^GK 8.5-‰i gGaÅ nGj fvj nq, pH gvòv 6-7 meGPGq fvj| cwiGeGki Zvcgvòv 12° ˆm ˆ^GK 29° ˆm fzëv PvGli AbyK„j| evsjvG`Gk D®²Z RvGZi ˆhme fzëvi Avev` Kiv nq Zvi gGaÅ mvfvi, ˆRwm (JC), wW‰gAvi (DMR), eYÆvjx, ÷öv, ˆgvni, LBfzëv ‰es ˆmvqvb-2 DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| KGqKwU mâiRvGZi fzëvI KZK ‰jvKvq Pvl Kiv nq|

fzëvi `vbvi AvKvi, AvK‡wZ ‰es iGO weÕ¦i cv^ÆKÅ ˆ`Lv hvq, hw`I njy` ‰es mv`v iO mPivPi ˆewk ˆPvGL cGo| Õ¼vG`i w`K ˆ^GKI wewf®² RvGZi fzëvi gGaÅ cÉPzi ŠelgÅ eZÆgvb| evsjvG`Gk 1997-98 mvGj ˆgvU 6,295 ‰Ki RwgGZ fzëvi Avev` nGqwQj ‰es ˆgvU Drcv`Gbi cwigvY wQj cÉvq 2,650 ˆg Ub| KgGewk AGbK ˆRjvGZ fzëvi Avev` nGjI ev±`ievb, ivãvgvwU, w`bvRcyi ‰es ivRkvnx ‰jvKvq ‰i Pvl ˆewk nq| evsjvG`k cwimsLÅvb eyÅGiv-‰i cÉwZGe`Gb ˆ`Lv hvq ‰G`Gk fzëvi evrmwiK Drcv`Gbi cwigvY ò×Gg nËvm cvGœQ|

mviwY  1993-94 ˆ^GK 1997-98 mvj chƯ¦ evsjvG`Gk fzëv PvGl eÅen…Z ˆgvU Rwgi cwigvY ‰es Drcv`b

eQi	Rwgi cwigvY (‰Ki)	Drcv`b (ˆg Ub)
1993/94	6710	2785
1994/95	6700	2680
1995/96	6550	2675
1996/97	6570	2695
1997/98	6295	2650

AwbÓ¡Kvix ˆcvKv-gvKo I ˆivM-evjvB  gvV chÆvGq ˆek KZK KxUcZã fzëv dmjGK Avò×gY KGi| ‰i gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ KvUIqvgÆ (Agrotis ipsilon), ÷UdÑvB (Atherigona sp), gvRiv ˆcvKv (Sesamia inferens ‰es Chilo partellus), RveGcvKv (Rhopalosiphum maidis) ‰es cWGevivi ev ˆgvPvGcvKv (Helicoverpa armigera)| à`vgRvZ AeÕ©vq mZKÆZv AejÁ¼b bv KiGj fzëvi DBwfj (Sitophilus zeamais) ‰es PvDGji DBwfj (S. oryzae) fzëv`vbvi cÉPzi ÞwZ KiGZ cvGi|

fzëvi DGÍÏLGhvMÅ ˆivGMi gGaÅ iGqGQ Szj ˆivM (smut, Ustilago maydis), cvZv amv (leaf blight, Drechlera turcicum), cvZv `vM (Leaf spot, Helminthosporium rostratum) ‰es cvZvdwos msò×vwgZ fvBivRwbZ fzëvi WdÆ ˆgvRvBK (dwarf mosaic) ˆivMàwj| evsjvG`Gk ‰me ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve KgGewk jÞÅ Kiv hvq ‰es AGbK mgGq dmGji eÅvcK ÞwZ nq|

fzëvi eÅenvi  fzëv ˆ^GK bvbv aiGbi Lv`Å mvgMÉx ŠZwi Kiv hvq| Pvj ‰es MGgi gGZvB Lv`Å wnGmGe ‰ dmj eÅenvGii DcGhvMx| fzëv ‰es fzëvi gq`v ˆ^GK A^ev Mg ev AbÅ ˆKvGbv kGmÅi gq`vi mGã wgwkGq Zv w`Gq cGivUv, cywi, myc, wgwkÉZ Lv`Å, wLPzwi, fzëv ˆcvjvI BZÅvw` DcvG`q Lv`Å ŠZwi Kiv mÁ¿e| fzëvi AcwiYZ ˆgvPv A^ev `vbv wm«¬ ev ˆfGR LvIqv hvq| fzëvi ŠL (pop corn) wek¼ RyGoB ‰K AwZ DcvG`q Lv`Å|

AGbK wk͸ cÉwZÓ¤vGb Õ¡vPÆ, AÅvRGeÕ¡m ˆevWÆ, Mevw`c÷i Lv`Å, cÉmvab mvgMÉx, weÕ•zU, niwjKm, KbÆGdÑÝ, ˆfvRÅ ˆZj BZÅvw` Drcv`Gbi RbÅ fzëv KvPvgvj wnGmGe eÅen…Z nq| fzëv ˆ^GK ‰wmwUK ‰wmW ‰es AÅvjGKvnjmn AvGiv KGqK aiGbi wk͸RvZ `ËeÅ Drcv`b Kiv nq| 
[‰m.‰g ügvqyb Kwei ‰es Aveyj LvGqi]

AviI ˆ`Lyb  `vbvkmÅ |