wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvj   KjKvZvi weLÅvZ MGoi gvGVi `wÞY cÉvG¯¦ AewÕ©Z| 1901 mvGj 94 eQi eqGm gnvivbx wfGÙvwiqv gviv hvIqvi ci Zuvi ÕÆwZi DGóGkÅ mv`v gvGeÆj cv^Gii ‰B febwU wbwgÆZ nq| jWÆ KvRÆb ‰B ÕÆwZGmŒawU wbgÆvGYi cwiK͸bv KGib| Zuvi gƒj cwiK͸bvi gGaÅ A¯¦fÆyî× wQj wekvj evwMPvi gvGS ‰KwU ˆmŒa ‰es ˆmB mvG^ fviGZ weËwUk kvmGbi ÕÆwZevnx bvbv mvgMÉx mg†«¬ ‰KwU Rv`yNi wbgÆvY|

wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvj, KjKvZv

ivRv cçg RRÆ wcÉ´Ö Ae IGqjm wnGmGe 1906 mvGji 4 Rvbyqvwi ‰B feGbi wfwî cÉÕ¦i Õ©vcb KGib ‰es ivRv AÓ¡g ‰WIqvWÆ wcÉ´Ö Ae IGqjm wnGmGe 1921 mvGji 28 wWGmÁ¼i ‰wU DG«¼vab KGib| ÕÆwZGmŒawUGZ AGbK ŠewkÓ¡Å mg†«¬ ‰KwU mâi ixwZi cÉKvk NGUGQ, ˆhgb, BZvwjq ixwZi gƒwZÆ, gyMj ixwZi MÁ¼yR, ZvRgnGji bÅvq mv`v gvGeÆGji eÅenvi, myDœP D¯Ãyî× Õ¦Á¿GkÉYx| mewKQy wgwjGq ‰wU JcwbGewkK Õ©vcZÅ Škjxi ‰K AcƒeÆ wb`kÆb| fviGZ JcwbGewkK Õ©vcZÅ ixwZwU MGo DGVwQj BDGivcxq ixwZi mvG^ BG±`v-BmjvwgK ixwZi h^v^Æ wgkÉGY| fviGZ BDGivcxq DcwbGek ‰es ˆmB mvG^ weËwUk kvmb fviGZi Õ©vcGZÅ ‰K Mfxi cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGi| ‰B ixwZi Õ©vcwZÅK cÉKvk ˆ`Lv hvq wMRÆv, eÅvivK, `yMÆ, AvevwmK I cÉkvmwbK feb BZÅvw`GZ|

DBwjqg ‰gvimb

weËwUkiv fviGZ Õ©vcZÅwkG͸ bZzb wKQy KvwiMix Škjxi mƒPbv KGi, hv wQj ˆm mgGq fviZxqG`i eÅen…Z c«¬wZ ˆ^GK mÁ·ƒYÆ wf®²| wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvj fviGZ BDGivcxq Õ©vcZÅ ixwZi ˆkÉÓ¤ wb`Ækb| ‰wU Õ¼vaxb fviGZ AvaywbK Õ©vcZÅixwZi c^ wbG`Ækbv w`GqGQ|

weËwUk BbwÕ¡wUDU Ae AvwKÆGUÙ-‰i ˆcÉwmGW´Ÿ mÅvi DBwjqg ‰gvimb ‰B feGbi µÏÅvb I bKkv cÉÕ§Z KGib| ZGe ‰i wbgÆvYKvR Zî½veavGbi RbÅ mycvwibGUG´£´Ÿ AvwKÆGUÙ wnGmGe wfbGm´Ÿ ˆR Cm&P (Vincent J Esch)-ˆK wbGqvM ˆ`Iqv nq| wZwb wQGjb ˆeãj bvMcyi ˆijIGqi AÅvwmÕ¡Åv´Ÿ Bwéwbqvi| 1902 mvGj ‰gvimb ZuvGK feGbi gƒj bKkvi Ici ‰KwU ˆÕ•P `uvo Kivi `vwqZ½ ˆ`b| wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvj wbgÆvGYi `vwqZ½ cÉvµ¦ nq KjKvZvi ˆgmvmÆ gvwUÆb AÅv´£ ˆKvÁ·vwb|

fƒwg bKkv, wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvj

ZGe ˆgGgvwiqvj wbgÆvGYi gƒj KvRwU AZů¦ kÏ^ MwZGZ AMÉmi nGZ ^vGK| 1905 mvGj KvRÆb hLb fviZ ˆQGo hvb ZLb ‰i KvR wVK gGZv ÷i‚B nGZ cvGi wb| ‰B kÏ^ MwZi ˆcQGb KviY nGjv, KvRÆGbi ci whwb fviGZ fvBmiGqi `vwqZ½ wbGq AvGmb wZwb Zuvi cƒeÆmƒwii gGZv ˆgGgvwiqvGji eÅvcvGi ZZUv Drmvn ˆ`Lvb wb; Avi ˆmB mvG^ feb wbgÆvGY cÉGqvRbxq cixÞv-wbixÞvqI `xNÆmƒòxZv PGj| cwiK͸bvi mve-Õ¡ËvKPvi wbgÆvYKvR ÷i‚ nq 1904 mvGj ‰es wfwîcÉÕ¦i Õ©vcb Kiv nq 1906 mvGj| Avi feGbi mycvi-Õ¡ËvKPvGii KvR ÷i‚ nq AviI Pvi eQi ci 1910 mvGj| BGZvgGaÅ Cm&P wbGRGK KjKvZvi ˆkÉÓ¤ Õ©cwZ wnGmGe cÉwZwÓ¤Z KGi ˆdGjwQGjb| ZLb ZuvGK miKvwifvGe cÉKG͸i mycvwibGUG´£´Ÿ AvwKÆGUÙ wnGmGe wbGqvM ˆ`Iqv nq|

mÅvi DBwjqg ‰gvimb wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvGji bKkv BZvwjq ˆiGbmuvi Õ©vcwZÅK ixwZGK AbymiY KGiB MGo ˆZvGjb, hw`I ZvRgnGji mvG^ ‰i mv`†kÅ we`Ågvb| ‰gvimb ‰wUGK cwøgv wWRvBb wnGmGe eÅvLÅv KiGjI ‰GZ fviZxq ŠewkÓ¡ÅB cÉKvk cvq| mv`v gvGeÆj cv^Gi ‰wU wbgÆvGYi RbÅ jWÆ KvRÆb cÉ^g ˆ^GKB ˆRvivGjv gZ cÉKvk KGib| ‰ QvovI ‰i MVbcÉwò×qvq ZvRgnGji cÉfve cwi`†Ó¡ nq; ˆhgb, ‰i MÁ¼yR, cvk¼ÆeZÆx KÑvÕ¡vWÆ AÓ¡fzRvKvi MÁ¼yR Qòx, myDœP RuvKvGjv cÉGek ˆZviY, D¯Ãyî× PZ½i, MÁ¼yR AvœQvw`Z KbÆvi UvIqvi BZÅvw`| ‰gbwK ‰B `yB Õ©vcGZÅi DGóGkÅi gGaÅI mv`†kÅ we`Ågvb| ZvRgnGji gGZv ‰wUI ‰K mgËvæxi ÕÆwZi DGóGk wbwgÆZ|

64 ‰Ki Rwgi Dci jb, cyKzi, àÍÂivwR I jZvcvZvq ˆNiv wekvj D¯Ãyî× AãGb wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvj msÕ©vwcZ| KjKvZvq mÁ¿eZ ‰i…c gGbvig I D¯Ãyî× Aãb w«¼ZxqwU ˆbB| febwUi Š`NÆÅ 103.02 wgUvi, cÉÕ© 69.49 wgUvi ‰es ‘AÅvGéj Ae wfÙwi’ gƒwZÆ chƯ¦ ‰i DœPZv 56.08 wgUvi| gƒwZÆwU AviI 4.88 wgUvi DuPz| ˆgGgvwiqvj wbgÆvGY eÅwqZ ˆgvU 1,05,00,000 UvKvi meUvB msM†nxZ nGqGQ eÅemvqx mÁcÉ`vq I fviGZi ˆ`kxq ivRbÅeGMÆi ˆÕ¼œQvcÉ`î A^Æ ˆ^GK| ejv nGq ^vGK ˆh, feGbi mÁ·ƒYÆ wbgÆvY mvgMÉx enGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRb wQj ‰KwU 27 wKGjvwgUvi `xNÆ ˆUÇGbi| feGbi meÆGgvU IRb wnmve Kiv nGqGQ 80,300 Ub ‰es eÅen…Z gvGeÆGji ˆgvU cwigvc 450.24 Nb wgUvi| gvGeÆj msMÉn Kiv nGqwQj ivRÕ©vGbi gvKivbv ˆ^GK| ‰Lvb ˆ^GKB kvnRvnvb ZvRgnGji RbÅ gvGeÆj msMÉn KGiwQGjb| cÉv^wgK chÆvGq cwienY LiPmn gvGeÆGji ˆgvU gƒjÅ wnmve Kiv nGqwQj 25 jÞ UvKv| cGi AekÅ fviZxq ˆijwefvM cwienY PvRÆ `vwe bv KiGj gvGeÆj eve` eÅq 2 jÞ UvKv KGg hvq|

wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvj 25wU MÅvjvwii mg¯¼Gq MwVZ| ‘KzB´Ö nj’wU AvKlÆGYi gƒj ˆK±`Ê| ‰i mKj ˆ`IqvGj gnvivbxi ˆNvlYv wjwce«¬| Zuvi ÕÆwZ weRwoZ wewf®² NUbvi AwâZ wPò ˆhgb- Zuvi wmsnvmbvGivnY, Zuvi weGq, Zuvi cyò I DîivwaKvixi eÅvcwUÕ¡KiY, ivRcyGòi weevn, dÌMGgvGi Zuvi evmefb BZÅvw` «¼viv MÅvjvwi mwäZ| ivbxi eÅen…Z wKQy mvgMÉx, ˆhgb- ŠkkGe eÅen…Z Zuvi wcqvGbv, DB´£Gmvi cÉvmvG` Š`bw±`b wPwV-cò ˆjLvi RbÅ eÅen…Z Zuvi ˆUwej I ˆPqvi, fviZxq cÉRvG`i DGóGk ˆjLv Zuvi ˆkl wPwV BZÅvw`|

ˆgGgvwiqvj wgDwRqvGg AviI AvGQ AbÅvbÅ weËwUk bvMwiGKi cÉwZK‡wZ, huviv ˆKvb bv ˆKvb mgq fviGZ ‰GmwQGjb; ˆhgb, ˆgKGj , wKcwjs, wekc ˆnevi , DBwjqg wnwK cÉgyL| ˆKvb iKg ŠelgÅ QvovB fviZxq wKQy eÅwî×I ‰LvGb ZuvG`i ˆhvMÅZvbymvGi Õ©vb KGi wbGqGQb| ZuvG`i gGaÅ ˆKkeP±`Ê ˆmb , gvBGKj gaymƒ`b `î , iex±`Êbv^ VvKzi ‰es Zuvi wcZvgn «¼viKvbv^ VvKzi | wKQy `wjj-còI ‰LvGb msiwÞZ AvGQ, ‰i gGaÅ iGqGQ b±`KzgvGii RvwjqvwZ mÁ·wKÆZ `wjj hvi RbÅ ZuvGK AbÅvqfvGe cÉvY`Gí `wíZ Kiv nq| weËwUk mvgËvRÅevG`i ÕÆwZevnx wewf®² wb`kÆbvw`, ˆhgb- ivbx ˆgix, cçg RRÆ I AbÅvbÅG`i AveÞ gƒwZÆ, 1757 mvGj cjvkxi hyG«¬ `LjK‡Z divwm Kvgvb BZÅvw`|

wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvGj cÉavb AvKlÆYxq eÕ§ nGjv ivbx wfGÙvwiqvi welY³ wekvj ‰KwU gƒwZÆ| ‰i `yw`GK iGqGQ `ywU m†`ykÅ Rjvkq| fviZ kvmbKvix AGbK kvmKB ˆivgvb ixwZi cwiœQ`ve†Z nGq ‰LvGb cÉÕ¦i gƒwZÆGZ DcÕ©vwcZ, ˆhgb- KÑvBf , IqvGib ˆnwÕ¡sm, KbÆIqvwjm, IGqGjmjx , WvjGnŒmx |

‰gvimGbi bKkv AbÅvbÅ AviI AGbGKi msGhvRb «¼viv AviI ŠewkÓ¡ÅgwíZ nGqGQ| wfbGm´Ÿ Cm&GPi cÉavb Ae`vb nGjv D«¿vebx Av`GkÆi «¼viv cwiewZÆZ wfwî-bKkv| ZGe wZwb cÉavb cÉGek ˆZviGYi fvÕ•hÆmgƒn wbgÆvY, DîivsGki AmvaviY ˆmZzi bKkv cÉ`vb, dUK I evwMPvi gGbvig AjâiYI Zî½veavb KGiwQGjb| Dîi ˆcvGPÆi DcGi fvÕ•hÆàwj gvZ‡Z½, cÉæv I wkÞvi cÉZxK wnGmGe wbwgÆZ| cÉavb MÁ¼yRGK wNGi ^vKv fvÕ•hÆàwj wk͸, Õ©vcZÅ, bÅvqwePvi, e`vbÅZv BZÅvw` ævcK| cÉkÕ¦ I gGbvig evMvb feGbi ˆmŒ±`hÆGK KGqKàY evwoGq w`GqGQ|

MÁ¼yR kxGlÆ nvGZ weDMjmn wfGÙvwi bvGg AwfwnZ ˆeËvGéi ˆ`ex gƒwZÆwU ‰KwU ˆKŒZ„nGjvóxcK msGhvRb| cÉvq cuvP wgUvi DuPz I 3,500 wKGjvMÉvg IRGbi gƒwZÆwUi ˆew`GZ ej-ˆeqvwis msGhvwRZ| evZvGmi MwZGeM Lye ˆewk nGj RvqMvq `uvwoGq gƒwZÆwU Aejxjvò×Gg NyiGZ cvGi| gbyGgbGUi evMvbGK ˆmŒ±`hÆgwíZKvix fvÕ•hÆàwj BUvwjq wk͸xG`i wk͸KgÆ| Dîi w`GK AewÕ©Z Avi ‰KwU AvKlÆYxq fvÕ•hÆ nGjv wmsn-gÕ¦K gƒwZÆ| ‰B gƒwZÆwU ˆ^GK cvwbi PviwU aviv PviwU cG^ cÉengvb, hv fviGZi Pvi cÉavb b`x- wm®¬z, Mãv, hgybv I K‡úvi cÉZxK|

wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvj eZÆgvGb eü wPòKgÆ, cÉvPxb ˆcvkvK-cwiœQ` I fviGZ weËwUk kvmbvgGji eü ÕÆwZ enb KGi PGjGQ| me wgwjGq ‰LvGb cÉvq 3,500wU wb`kÆb msiwÞZ, hv AwZ mnGRB ˆgGgvwiqvjGK ‰KwU Rv`yNi wnGmGe AvLÅvZ KiGZ cvGi| eZÆgvGb KjKvZvq chÆUKG`i AbÅZg cÉavb AvKlÆY wfGÙvwiqv ˆgGgvwiqvj| ˆgGgvwiqvj cÉvãGYi ‘dvDG´Ÿb Ae Rq’ ÕÆwZ RvMvGbvi Aven ŠZwi KGi| 

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