fvlv AvG±`vjb  evsjv fvlvi ivÓ¡Ëxq ghÆv`vi `vweGZ msMwVZ MY-AvG±`vjb| 1947 mvGj DcgnvG`Gk weËwUk kvmGbi Aemvb NGU ‰es fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg `ywU Õ¼vaxb ivGÓ¡Ëi R¯Ã nq| Õ¼vaxbZvi ciciB cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Ëfvlv wK nGe ‰ wbGq cÉk² ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆK±`Êxq ˆbZ‡e†±` ‰es D`yÆfvlx eyw«¬Rxexiv eGjb, cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Ëfvlv nGe D`yÆ| AbÅw`GK cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb ˆ^GK `vwe IGV, evsjvGKI AbÅZg ivÓ¡Ëfvlv KiGZ nGe| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆK±`Êxq miKvi evsjv fvlvi ‰ `vweGK mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc DGcÞv KGi| ‰GZ XvKvi Qvò I eyw«¬Rxex gnj Þzº¬ nb ‰es fvlvi eÅvcvGi Zuviv ‰KwU P„ov¯¦ `vwebvgv cÉÕ§Z KGib; `vwewU nGjv: cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb wkÞv I miKvwi KvhÆvw` cwiPvjbvi gvaÅg nGe evsjv Avi ˆK±`Êxq miKvi chÆvGq cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Ëfvlv nGe `ywU evsjv I D`yÆ|

fvlvmsò×v¯¦ ‰B `vweGK mvgGb ˆiGL meÆcÉ^g AvG±`vjb msMwVZ KGi Zgóyb gRwjm| ‰i ˆbZ‡GZ½ wQGjb AaÅvcK Aveyj KvGmg| ò×gv¯¼Gq AGbK AmvÁ·É`vwqK I cÉMwZkxj msMVb ‰B AvG±`vjGb ˆhvM ˆ`q ‰es ‰Kmgq Zv MY-AvG±`vjGb i…c ˆbq|

AbÅw`GK cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGb ˆK±`Êxq miKvGii wewf®² ˆdvivGg wkÞvg¯¨x dRjyi ingvGbi DG`ÅvGM D`yÆGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ‰Kgvò ivÓ¡Ëfvlv Kivi cÉGPÓ¡v PGj| ‰GZ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi Qvò-mgvR weÞzº¬ nGq IGV| Zviv evsjvGK AbÅZg ivÓ¡Ëfvlv Kivi `vweGZ 1947 mvGji 6 wWGmÁ¼i XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq cÉvãGY Qvòmfvi AvGqvRb KGi| mfvi ciI wgwQj-cÉwZev` AeÅvnZ ^vGK| ‰ gvGmiB ˆklw`GK ivÓ¡Ëfvlv msMÉvg cwil` MwVZ nq, hvi Avn»vqK wQGjb Zgóyb gRwjGmi AaÅvcK bƒi‚j nK f„uBqv| cGii eQi 23 ˆdeË‚qvwi KivwPGZ AbywÓ¤Z cvwKÕ¦vb MYcwilG`i AwaGekGb cwil` m`mÅG`i D`yÆ A^ev BsGiwRGZ eîׇZv ˆ`Iqvi cÉÕ¦ve Kiv nq| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi KsGMÉm `Gji m`mÅ axGi±`Êbv^ `î ‰ cÉÕ¦vGe msGkvabx ‰Gb evsjvGKI cwilG`i AbÅZg fvlv Kivi `vwe Rvbvb| wZwb eGjb, cvwKÕ¦vGbi 6 ˆKvwU 90 jÞ gvbyGli gGaÅ 4 ˆKvwU 40 jÞB cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi, hvG`i gvZ‡fvlv evsjv| wK¯§ cÉavbg¯¨x wjqvKZ Avjx Lvbmn ˆK±`Êxq ˆbZ‡e†±` ‰es cƒeÆevsjvi gyLÅg¯¨x LvRv bvwRgDóxb weGivwaZv KiGj ‰ `vwe evwZj nGq hvq| ‰ Lei XvKvq ˆcuŒQGj QvòmgvR, eyw«¬Rxex I ivRbxwZKiv weÞzº¬ nb| AvRv`-‰i gGZv cwòKvI axGi±`Êbv^ `Gîi Avbv cÉÕ¦vGe hviv weGivwaZv KGiwQj ZvG`i mgvGjvPbv KGi| ‰ici evsjvGK ivÓ¡Ëfvlv Kivi AvG±`vjb cwiPvjbvi RbÅ ‰KwU bZzb ivÓ¡Ëfvlv cwil` MwVZ nq, hvi Avn»vqK wQGjb kvgmyj Avjg|

fvlv AvG±`vjGbi BwZnvGm 1948 mvGji 11 gvPÆ ‰KwU ÕÃiYxq w`b| MY-cwilG`i fvlv-ZvwjKv ˆ^GK evsjvGK ev` ˆ`Iqv QvovI cvwKÕ¦vGbi gy`Ëv I WvKwUGKGU evsjv eÅenvi bv Kiv ‰es ˆbŒevwnbxGZ wbGqvGMi cixÞv ˆ^GK evsjvGK ev` w`Gq D`yÆGK ivLvi cÉwZev`Õ¼i…c Hw`b XvKv knGi mvaviY agÆNU cvwjZ nq| agÆNwUG`i `vwe wQj evsjvGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi AbÅZg ivÓ¡Ëfvlv ‰es cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi miKvwi fvlv wnGmGe ˆNvlYv Kiv| agÆNGUi cGÞ ‘ivÓ¡Ëfvlv evsjv PvB’ ‰B ˆkÏvMvbmn wgwQj Kivi mgq kIKZ Avjx, KvRx ˆMvjvg gvneye, kvgmyj nK, Awj Avnv`, ˆkL gywReyi ingvb, Ave`yj IqvGn` cÉgyL ˆMɵ¦vi nb| Avõyj gwZb, Ave`yj gvGjK DwKj cÉgyL QvòGbZvI Dî× wgwQGj Ask ˆbb; wek¼we`Åvjq cÉvãGY weivU mfv nq| ‰KRb cywjGki wbKU ˆ^GK ivBGdj wQwbGq ˆPÓ¡v KiGj cywjGki AvNvGZ ˆgvnvÁÃ` ˆZvqvnv gvivZÄKfvGe AvnZ nb ‰es ZuvGK nvmcvZvGj fwZÆ Kiv nq| ‰ici 12-15 gvPÆ agÆNU cvwjZ nq|

AvG±`vjGbi gyGL miKvGii gGbvfve wKQyUv bgbxq nq| gyLÅg¯¨x LvRv bvwRgyóxb QvòGbZvG`i mGã ‰KwU Pzwî× Õ¼vÞi KGib| ZGe Pzwî×GZ wZwb AGbKàwj kGZÆi mGã ‰KgZ nGjI evsjvGK ivÓ¡Ëfvlv Kivi `vweGZ ZuvGK ˆKvb wKQyB gvbvGbv hvq wb|

1948 mvGji 19 gvPÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi MfbÆi ˆRbvGij ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®²vn cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb mdGi AvGmb| wZwb XvKvi `ywU mfvq eîׇZv ˆ`b ‰es `yB RvqMvGZB wZwb evsjv fvlvi `vweGK DGcÞv KGi ‰Kgvò D`yÆGKB cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Ëfvlv wnGmGe ˆNvlYv ˆ`b| ‰ mgq mviv cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbB fvlv AvG±`vjb QwoGq cGowQj| wR®²vni eî×eÅ ZxeË cÉwZevG`i gyGL cGo| 1950 mvGji 11 gvPÆ XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGq ivÓ¡Ëfvlv msMÉvg cwil` MwVZ nq; ‰i Avn»vqK wQGjb Ave`yj gwZb|

1952 mvGji ÷i‚ ˆ^GK fvlv AvG±`vjb ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆgvo wbGZ ^vGK| ‰ mgq wR®²vn I wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb DfGqB ciGjvKMZ| wjqvKZ Avjx LvGbi RvqMvq cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉavbg¯¨x nb LvRv bvwRgyóxb| ivR‹bwZK msKU Nbxf„Z nIqvi mGã cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi A^Æ‹bwZK AeÕ©viI AebwZ NGU| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMY gymwjg jxGMi cÉwZ AvÕ©v nvivGZ ^vGK| 1949 mvGj gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi ˆbZ‡GZ½ MwVZ nq bZzb ivR‹bwZK `j AvIqvgx jxM| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb eçbv I ˆkvlGbi Abyf„wZ ò×gv¯¼Gq evoGZ ^vGK ‰es ‰LvbKvi RbMY ò×GgB ‰B gGZ wek¼vmx nGZ ÷i‚ KGi ˆh weËwUk mvgËvRÅevG`i RvqMvq ZvG`i DcGi AvGivwcZ nGqGQ bZzb aiGbi AvGiK DcwbGekev`| ‰ ˆcÉwÞGZ 1952 mvGj fvlv AvG±`vjb ‰KwU bZzb gvòv cvq|

1952 mvGji 27 Rvbyqvwi LvRv bvwRgyóxb KivwP ˆ^GK XvKvq AvGmb| wZwb cΟb gq`vGb ‰K Rbmfvq eGjb ˆh, cÉG`Gki miKvwi KvRKGgÆ ˆKvb fvlv eÅen…Z nGe Zv cÉG`Gki RbMYB wVK KiGe| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Ëfvlv nGe ˆKej D`yÆ| mGã mGã ‰i ZxeË cÉwZwò×qv nq ‰es ‘ivÓ¡fvlv evsjv PvB’ ˆkÏvMvGb Qvòiv weGÞvf ÷i‚ KGib| 30 Rvbyqvwi XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGq agÆNU cvwjZ nq| 31 Rvbyqvwi AvIqvgx jxGMi mfvcwZ gIjvbv fvmvbxi mfvcwZGZ½ AbywÓ¤Z wewf®² ivR‹bwZK-mvsÕ•‡wZK `Gji cÉwZwbwaG`i ‰K mfvq ‘meÆ`jxq ˆK±`Êxq ivÓ¡Ëfvlv msMÉvg cwil`’ MwVZ nq, hvi Avn»vqK wQGjb KvRx ˆMvjvg gvneye| ‰ mgq miKvi Aviwe niGd evsjv ˆjLvi cÉÕ¦ve ˆck KGi| ‰i wei‚G«¬I ZxeË cÉwZev` RvbvGbv nq| ivÓ¡Ëfvlv msMÉvg cwil` 21 ˆdeË‚qvwi (‰KzGk ˆdeË‚qvwi) mgMÉ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb niZvj, Rbmfv I weGÞvf wgwQj AvGqvRGbi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq| ‰me KgÆmƒwPi AvGqvRb Pjvi mgq miKvi XvKv knGi 144 aviv Rvwi KGi mgvGek-ˆkvfvhvòv wbwl«¬ ˆNvlbv KGi| 20 ˆdeË‚qvwi m®¬Åvq Aveyj nvwkGgi (1905-74) mfvcwZGZ½ ˆK±`Êxq ivÓ¡Ëfvlv msMÉvg cwilG`i mfv nq| 144 aviv AgvbÅ Kiv nGe wK-bv ‰ cÉGk² mfvq w«¼gZ ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ZGe Qvòiv 144 aviv fvãvi mâG͸ AUzU ^vGK|

ciw`b mKvj 11Uvq XvKv ˆgwWGKj KGjGRi ‰KvsGk AewÕ©Z XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi AvgZjvq QvòG`i mfv nq| mfv ÷i‚ nGj wek¼we`ÅvjGqi KGqKRb wkÞKmn DcvPvhÆ 144 aviv fã bv Kivi RbÅ QvòG`i AbyGiva KGib| ZGe Qvò ˆbZ‡e†±`, weGkl KGi Ave`yj gwZb ‰es MvwRDj nK wbGRG`i AveÕ©vGb Abo ^vGK| XvKv knGii Õ•zj-KGjGRi nvRvi nvRvi Qvò wek¼we`ÅvjGq mgGeZ nq| Qvòiv cuvP-mvZRb KGi ˆQvU ˆQvU `Gj ‘ivÓ¡Ëfvlv evsjv PvB’ ˆkÏvMvb w`Gq ivÕ¦vq ˆewiGq AvmGj cywjk ZuvG`i Dci jvwVPvRÆ KGi, QvòxivI ‰ Avò×gb ˆ^GK ˆinvB cvq wb| QvòQvòxiv cywjGki w`GK BU-cvUGKj ˆQvov ÷i‚ KiGj cywjk Kuv`vGb MÅvm eÅenvi KGi| weÞzº¬ QvòG`i mvgjvGZ eÅ^Æ nGq MYcwil` fiGbi w`GK AMÉmiiZ wgwQGji Dci cywjk àwj Pvjvq| àwjGZ iwdK Dwób Avng`, Ave`yj Re»vi, Aveyj eiKZ (ivÓ¡ËweævGb ‰g.‰ ˆkÉYxi Qvò) wbnZ nq| eü AvnZGK nvmcvZvGj fwZÆ Kiv nq ‰es ZuvG`i gGaÅ ˆmGò×UvwiGqGUi wcqb Ave`ym mvjvg gviv hvq| AwnDÍÏvn& bvGg AvU-bq eQGii ‰K wKGkviI ˆmw`b wbnZ nq|

‰ mgq MYcwilG`i AwaGekb emvi cÉÕ§wZ PjwQj| cywjGki àwj PvjvGbvi Lei ˆcGq MYcwil` m`mÅ gIjvbv ZKÆevMxk ‰es weGivax `Gji m`mÅmn AviI KGqKRb mfvKÞ ZÅvM KGi weÞz«¬ QvòG`i cvGk `uvovb| AwaGekGb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi gyLÅg¯¨x bƒi‚j Avgxb evsjv fvlvi `vwei weGivwaZv AeÅvnZ ˆiGL eî×eÅ ˆ`b|

ciw`b 22 ˆdeË‚qvwi wQj MYweGÞvf I cywjwk wbhÆvZGbi w`b| RbZv wbnZG`i MvGqevbv RvbvRvi bvgvh cGo I ˆkvKwgwQj ˆei KGi| wgwQGji Ici cywjk I wgwjUvwi cybivq jvwV, àwj I ˆeGqvGbU Pvjvq| ‰GZ kwdDi ingvbmn KGqKRb knx` nb ‰es AGbGK AvnZ AeÕ©vq ˆMɵ¦vi nb| Qvòiv ˆh Õ©vGb àwji AvNvGZ wbnZ nq ˆmLvGb 23 ˆdeË‚qvwi ‰KwU ÕÆwZÕ¦Á¿ wbgÆvY Kiv nq| 1963 mvGj ‰B AÕ©vqx wbgÆvGYi RvqMvq ‰KwU Ksò×xGUi Õ©vcbv wbwgÆZ nq|

MYcwil` evsjvGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi AbÅZg ivÓ¡Ëfvlvi Õ¼xK‡wZ w`Gq ‰KwU wej cvm KGi| 1956 mvj chƯ¦ fvlv AvG±`vjb AeÅvnZ wQj| cvwKÕ¦vb RvZxq cwilG` D`yÆi cvkvcvwk evsjvGKI cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Ëfvlv wnGmGe AbyGgv`Gbi gvaÅGg ‰B AvG±`vjb Zvi jÞÅ ARÆb KGi| RvZxq cwilG` welqwU wbGq weZGKÆi (16 ˆdeË‚qvwi 1956) ‰K chÆvGq ‰i m`mÅ dwi`cyGii AvG`jDwób AvngG`i (1913-1981) ˆ`Iqv msGkvabx cÉÕ¦ve Abyhvqx evsjv I D`yÆ Dfq fvlvB cvwKÕ¦vGbi ivÓ¡Ëfvlv wnGmGe Õ¼xK‡wZ jvf KGi|

1952 mvGji ci ˆ^GK 21 ˆdeË‚qvwi gvZ‡fvlvi RbÅ evOvwjG`i ˆmB AvZÄZÅvMGK ÕÃiY KGi w`bwU D`&hvcb Kiv nq| 1999 mvGji 17 bGfÁ¼i BDGbGÕ•v 21 ˆdeË‚qvwiGK Av¯¦RÆvwZK gvZ‡fvlv w`em ˆNvlYv KGi| ‰B wm«¬vG¯¦i gvaÅGg Av¯¦RÆvwZK mÁcÉ`vq evsjvG`Gki fvlv AvG±`vjbGK ‰KwU ghÆv`vi AvmGb AwawÓ¤Z KGi|  [ekxi Avj ˆnjvj]

Mɯ©cwé  Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, Avgvi ˆ`Lv ivRbxwZi cçvk eQi, XvKv, 1975; Ave`yj nK, fvlv-AvG±`vjGbi Avw` ceÆ, XvKv, 1976; e`i‚óxb Dgi, cƒeÆ evOjvi fvlv AvG±`vjb I ZrKvjxb ivRbxwZ, 1g Lí, XvKv, 1979|