fviZ Qvo AvG±`vjb, 1942 (Quit India Movement, 1942) ˆk¼Zvã-weGivax cÉej DGîRbvi wgwkÉZi…Gci dj| ‰ AvG±`vjb
fviZxq Õ¼vaxbZv msMÉvGgi BwZnvGm cÉ^g eÅvcK Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ AvG±`vjb| wò×cm
wgkGbi AÕ·Ó¡ cÉÕ¦vevewj- ˆhgb, hy«¬ cieZÆxKvGj fviGZi RbÅ ˆWvwgwbqb
ghÆv`v cÉ`vb, cÉvG`wkK AvBbmfv I ˆ`kxq ivRÅàwji «¼viv msweavb cÉYqb
KwgwU wbeÆvPb, cÉG`kàwji ‰GZ ˆhvM`vb Kiv bv Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY Kivi aviv,
hyG«¬ fviZxq ˆbZ‡e†G±`i Av÷ AskMÉnY wK¯§ weËwUk miKvi KZ‡ÆK fviGZi cÉwZiÞv
eÅeÕ©vq wbq¯¨Y ÞgZv ivLv, KvDGKB m¯§Ó¡ KiGZ cvGi wb| eis ‰ ˆcÉwÞGZ ejKvb
Dc«¼xGci gGZv fviGZi fvMÅ wechÆGqi AvksKv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| gvjq, evgÆv I wmãvcyi
ˆ^GK weËwUkG`i KjâRbK cjvqGbi dGj ZvG`i AaxbÕ© fviZxqG`i wbGRG`iGKB
AvZÄiÞvi ˆPÓ¡v KiGZ nq| ‰me fviZxGqi Õ¼G`k cÉZÅveZÆGbi AeYÆbxq `y`ÆkvcƒYÆ
AeÕ©v, fviGZi wewf®² Õ©vGb KgÆiZ ˆk¼Zvã ŠmbÅG`i «¼viv fviZxqG`i Ici
RvwZMZ weG«¼lgƒjK AvPiY, mKj cÉKvGii ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©vGK hyG«¬i KvGR
jvMvGbvi KviGY mÁ¿veÅ Rvcvwb Avò×gGYi wei‚G«¬ weËwUkG`i evsjvq Abym†Z
‘ˆcvovgvwU bxwZ’, hy«¬Kvjxb wRwbmcGòi gƒjÅe†w«¬, KvGjvevRvix ‰es gybvdvGLviG`i
ˆ`ŒivZÄÅ - ‰ mewKQyB ˆk¼Zvã-weGivax DGîRbv m†wÓ¡ KiGZ weGkl Ae`vb ivGL|
mGeÆvcwi, hyG«¬i ÷i‚ ˆ^GKB 1932 mvGji Av`Gj KsGMÉGmi wei‚G«¬ weËwUk
AvgjvZG¯¨i eÅvcK KGVvi bxwZ MÉnY Kivi cÉqvm wQj|
9
AvMÕ¡ ˆfvGi KsGMÉm ˆbZvG`i ˆMɵ¦vi ˆ`keÅvcx ‰K bwRiwenxb MYGivGli m†wÓ¡
KGi, hv evsjvi kniàwjGZ, weGkl KGi eo kniàwjGZ QwoGq cGo|
fviZ
Qvo AvG±`vjGbi cÉavb wZbwU ceÆ ˆ`Lv hvq| cÉ^g cGeÆ ‰ AvG±`vjb cÉavbZ
kni AçGj mxgve«¬ wQj| ‰ chÆvGq cÉavb kniàwjGZ niZvj, agÆNU, cywjk I
mvgwiK evwnbxi mvG^ msNlÆ wQj jÞYxq welq| ‰ cGeÆi AvG±`vjb wQj LyeB
eÅvcK ‰es mwnsm| wK¯§ `Ë‚ZZvi mvG^B ‰ AvG±`vjbGK `gb Kiv nGqwQj|
AvG±`vjGbi
w«¼Zxq ceÆ ÷i‚ nq AvMGÕ¡i gaÅfvM ˆ^GK| ‰ chÆvGq Rãx Qvòiv wewf®² ˆK±`Ê
ˆ^GK QwoGq cGo| Zviv ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©vGK a»sm KGi ˆ`q ‰es ‰KB mGã Dîi
I cwøg wenvi, Dîi cÉG`Gki cƒeÆvçj, evsjvi ˆgw`bxcyi ˆRjv ‰es gnvivÓ¡Ë,
KYÆvUK I DwolÅvi wewf®² AçGj K‡lK weG`ËvGni ˆbZ‡Z½ MÉnY KGi| ‰ mgq ˆek
KGqKwU AçGj ռ͸ Õ©vqx AvçwjK ‘RvZxq miKvi’I MwVZ nq|
ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i
gvGmi ˆklw`GK AvG±`vjGbi Z‡Zxq ceÆ ÷i‚ nq| ‰ cGeÆi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv wkwÞZ
hyeK mÁcÉ`vq I K‡lK `Gji m¯¨vmx KvhÆKjvc, A¯¦NÆvZgƒjK ZrciZv ‰es ˆMwijv
hy«¬| ‰ mgGq ˆgw`bxcyGii ZgjyK, gnvivGÓ¡Ëi mvZviv, DwolÅvi ZvjGPi AçGj
‰B RvZxq miKvi KvR KiwQj| wZbwU cGeÆi AvG±`vjbGK AZů¦ b†ksmfvGe `gb
Kiv nq| AvG±`vjb `gb KiGZ miKvi AvKvk ˆ^GK ˆgwkbMvbI eÅenvi KGiwQj|
fviZ
Qvo AvG±`vjGbi cÉK‡wZ mÁ·GKÆ ˆek gZweGiva AvGQ| ‰ mÁ·GKÆ ejv nGq ^vGK
ˆh, ‰Uv wK ˆKvb Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ weµÏe, bvwK ‰KwU mymsMwVZ weG`Ëvn| 1942 mvGji
8 AvMÕ¡ wbwLj fviZ KsGMÉm KwgwUi (ˆevÁ¼vBi) AwaGekGb weLÅvZ fviZ Qvo
AvG±`vjGbi cÉÕ¦ve cvm nq ‰es ciciB hZ`ƒi mÁ¿e eÅvcKfvGe Awnsm cG^ Mv®¬xi
ˆbZ‡GZ½ AvG±`vjGbi WvK ˆ`Iqv nq| cÉÕ¦vGei mGã ZvrchÆcƒYÆ ‰KwU AwZwiî×
aviv msGhvwRZ nq ‰es Zv nGjv- KsGMÉm ˆbZ‡Z½GK hw` ˆMɵ¦vGii gvaÅGg mwiGq
ˆ`Iqv nq, ZvnGj cÉGZÅK fviZevmx whwb Õ¼vaxbZv Pvb ‰es Zvi RbÅ msMÉvg
KGib wZwb wbGRB Zvi c^cÉ`kÆK nGeb| 14 RyjvBi Iqv`v IqvwKÆs KwgwUi cÉÕ¦vGeI
mvgvwRK iÅvwWKÅvwjRGgi weGkl ŠewkÓ¡Åvewj DwÍÏwLZ nq| 27 ‰wcÉj ˆ^GK 1
ˆg chƯ¦ mgGq AbywÓ¤Z KsGMÉGmi IqvwKÆs KwgwUi AwaGekGb Mv®¬xi Kov bxwZGK
‰KGhvGM mg^Æb KGib Wvbc¯©x cÅvGUj, ivGR±`Ê cÉmv` I K‡cvjbx ‰es mgvRZ¯¨x
APzÅZ cvUIqveaÆb I bGi±`ÊG`e| RInijvj cÉ^gw`GK w«¼avMÉÕ¦ ^vKGjI cwiGkGl
Mv®¬xi bxwZGKB mg^Æb KGib ‰es ‰Kgvò KwgDwbÕ¡ivB fviZ Qvo cÉÕ¦vGei weGivwaZv
KGi|
fviZ
Qvo AvG±`vjb PjvKvjxb mgGq ‰es cGi weËwUkiv ˆUvGUbnÅvGgi cÉwZGe`Gbi
gGZv `wjj cGò mgMÉ weGÕ¹viYGK AÞ kwî×GK kwî×kvjx Kivi jGÞÅ cçg evwnbxi
mywPw¯¦Z loh¯¨ eGj AwfwnZ KGi| ZGe ‰ eÅvLÅv wQj wbZv¯¦B nvmÅKvi, KviY
KsGMÉm eiveiB wQj dÅvwmev`-weGivax ‰es 9 AvMÕ¡ ˆfvGi KsGMÉm ˆbZ‡e†±`
ˆMɵ¦vi nGh hvIqvi ciI ‘fviZ Qvo’ AvG±`vjb Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆfvGe ‰wMGq PGj|
‰B eÅvLÅvi KviGY Avjvc-AvGjvPbvi c^B ÷ay i‚«¬ nq wb, eis gGb nq ˆMvUv
eÅvcviUvB wQj weGkl KvhÆ c«¬wZ AbymiY KGi ˆkl mxgvq ˆcuŒQvGbvi ‰KUv
cÉqvm; Avi ˆmB mGã `iKlvKwliI ‰KUv ˆKŒkj gvò| wK¯§ ‰i cGiB ˆh weGÕ¹viY
nq Zvi ‰Kgvò KviY ‰B ˆh, weËwUkiv meÆvZÄKfvGe `gbbxwZ cÉGqvM Kivi wm«¬v¯¦
MÉnY KGi| AvcÉvY ˆPÓ¡v KGiI weËwUkiv ‰ AwfGhvM cÉwZÓ¤v KiGZ cvGiwb ˆh,
9 AvMGÕ¡i cƒGeÆ KsGMÉm mwZÅB ‰K wnsmvZÄK weG`ËvGni cwiK͸bv KGiwQj|
evÕ¦weKcGÞ,
‰ AvG±`vjb wQj cÉv^wgK ‰es eÅvcKfvGe Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ| eüwea KviY ‰es ‰ Avkvq
AvG±`vjb fxlYfvGe weÕ¦vi jvf KGi ˆh, kxNÉB weËwUk kvmGbi Aemvb NUGQ|
weËwUk AvgjvG`i ˆÕ¼œQvPvwiZv ‰es cÉGivPbv cwiwÕ©wZGK AviI LvivGci w`GK
ˆVGj ˆ`q| gvjq I evgÆvq Avw^ÆK ÞwZ mvwaZ nIqvq fviZxq eÅemvqx mÁcÉ`vGqi
wewf®² Ask wKQy mgGqi RbÅ nGjI ˆMvcGb AvG±`vjbGK mnvqZv KiGZ DrmvwnZ
nq (hw`I Zv mwnsm nq)|
fviZ
Qvo AvG±`vjGbi cÉK‡Z wPò nGjv ‰B ˆh, cÉwZwÓ¤Z ˆbZvG`i mwiGq ˆ`Iqvi dGj
evg I AwaKZi Rãx Zi‚Y KgÆxG`iGK PjGZ nq ZvG`i wbGRG`i DG`ÅvGM ‰es ‰GZ
wbP ˆ^GK Pvc ˆ`Iqvi weivU myweav m†wÓ¡ nq| KsGMÉm ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©vi
Ici cwiKw͸ZfvGe Avò×gY PvjvGœQ ‰es A¯¦NÆvZgƒjK ZrciZvq wjµ¦
AvGgixi ‰ wg^Åv cÉPviYv eyGgivs nGq cÉPífvGe ZvG`i wei‚G«¬B eÅen…Z
nq| KviY, AGbGKB wek¼vm KiGZb ˆh, ‰ KvhÆKjvc KsGMÉGmi IqvwKÆs KwgwUi
cwiK͸bv Abyhvqx msNwUZ nwœQj| fviZxq RvZxq AvG±`vjGbi gGZv K‡wZZ½cƒYÆ
cÉv^wgK msMÉvGgi RbÅ cÉÕ§wZi welqwU ZvrÞwYK mvsMVwbK ZrciZvi AvGjvGK
gƒjÅvqb Kiv hvGe bv, eis RbMGYi Ici ‰ AvG±`vjb KZUzKz cÉfve weÕ¦vi KiGZ
ˆcGiwQj Zvi Ici wfwî KGi welqwU wePvi KiGZ nGe|
fviZ
Qvo AvG±`vjGb kÉwgKG`i AskMÉnY wQj ռ͸Ggqv`x ‰es mxwgZ| wK¯§ mgvGRi
DœP ˆkÉYxi ˆjvGKiv ‰ AvG±`vjbGK ˆMvcGb mg^Æb KiwQGjb| ‰gbwK fviZxq DœP
c`Õ© KgÆKZÆvMYI 1942-‰i ‰ RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjGbi mg^ÆK wQGjb| ‰ aiGbi
mg^ÆGbi dGj AvG±`vjGbi KgÆxiv ˆek KvhÆKi ൦ msÕ©v cÉwZÓ¤v KiGZ mÞg
nq| ‰i gGaÅ ‰KwU ˆMvcb ˆeZvi ˆK±`ÊI wQj| ‰wU ˆevGÁ¼GZ Elv ˆgnZvi cwiPvjbvq
wZb gvm cwiPvwjZ nGqwQj| AvBb AgvbÅ AvG±`vjb ‰ gaÅweî ˆkÉYxi
Qvòiv ˆZgb ‰KUv ˆhvM ˆ`q wb, wK¯§ 1942 mvGji AvG±`vjGb A¯¦NÆvZgƒjK ZrciZvi
msMVK wnGmGe A^ev Dóxcbv`vbKvix wnGmGe ZvivB wQj cÉ^g mvwiGZ| ˆKvb ˆKvb
AçGj, weGkl KGi wenvGi ‰ AvG±`vjb `y`Ægbxq nGq IVvi KviY nGjv eÅvcKfvGe
K‡lKG`i AfzÅïvb| eÕ§Z, 1942 mvGji fviZ Qvo AvG±`vjb KsGMÉm KZ‡ÆK cwiPvwjZ
weËwUk-weGivax mKj AvG±`vjbGK AwZò×g KGi wMGqwQj, hvi KviGY mÁ¿eZ Av¯¦tGkÉYxi
Pvcv-DGîRbv ‰es mvgvwRK DZv cÉkwgZ nq| ‰ AvG±`vjGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å wQj ‰B
ˆh, ‰ AvG±`vjGb eÅwî×MZ mÁ·wîi Ici ˆZgb Avò×gY nq wb, ‰gbwK 1930-34
mvGji gGZv ivRÕ¼ e®¬ AvG±`vjbI ZZUv meÆeÅvcx nq wb|
KsGMÉm
hLb RbMYGK Awnsm c¯©v AejÁ¼Gbi K^v `†pfvGe ejwQj, ZLb RbMY ˆKb mwnsm
c¯©v AejÁ¼b Kij Zvi mgvavb wbÁ²i…Gc nGZ cvGi| ‰ AvG±`vjGb AGbGKB wQGjb
huviv mwnsm c¯©v AejÁ¼Gb AÕ¼xK‡wZ Rvbvb ‰es KsGMÉGmi cÉPwjZ ivR‹bwZK
avivq wbGRG`iGK mxgve«¬ ivGLb| wK¯§ Mv®¬xi ˆMuvov mg^ÆKG`i AGbGKB 1942
mvGj mwnsm bxwZ AejÁ¼b KGiwQGjb| AGbGK gGb KGib ˆh, ˆUwjMÉvGdi Zvi KvUv
wKsev eËxR DwoGq ˆ`Iqv mwVK wQj ZLb chƯ¦, hLb chƯ¦ ‰GZ gvbyGli cÉvYnvwb
NGU wb| wK¯§ AGbÅiv Õ¼xKvi KGib ˆh, Awnsm bxwZGZ wek¼vmx nIqvi KviGY
ZvG`i cGÞ mwnsm c¯©v AejÁ¼b h^vh^ bq, hw`I Zviv KGVvi cwiwÕ©wZGZ AvZÄiÞvi
ˆkl Dcvq wnGmGe ‰ c¯©vGK mwVK gGb KiGZb| Mv®¬x RbMGYi ‰ mwnsm c¯©vGK
wb±`v ævcGb AÕ¼xK‡wZ Rvbvb| KviY wZwb ‰GK ˆ`GLb eoaiGbi mwnsmZvi cÉwZwò×qv
wnGmGe| ejv nGq ^vGK ˆh, mwnsmZvi eÅvcvGi Mv®¬xi gƒj Avcwî wQj ‰ RbÅ
ˆh, ‰ c¯©vq AvG±`vjGb RbMGYi AskMÉnY evavcÉvµ¦ nq| 1942 mvGj Mv®¬x ‰
AwfgZ eÅî× KGib ˆh, wKQy wewÞµ¦ mwnsm NUbvi RbÅ RbMGYi eÅvcK AskMÉnYGK
evavMÉÕ¦ Kiv hvGe bv| Mv®¬x ‰Uv Abyaveb KGib ˆh, wZwb ˆ`kevmxGK ˆh aiGbi
Awnsmvi aviYv cÉ`vb KGiGQb ‰es AbymiY KiGZ eGjGQb, ZvGZ Zuvi jÞÅ AwRÆZ
nGe bv| ‰ RbÅ wZwb ivR‹bwZK RxeGbi ˆklw`GK ‰Gm AvG±`vjGb AskMÉnYKvix
RbMYGK wbRÕ¼ avivq cwiPvwjZ nIqvi RbÅ wKQyUv Dcvq ˆiGL ˆ`b| `xNÆKvj
ŠaGhÆÅi mvG^ Pjvi ci wZwb ‰gb ‰K Õ©vGb ˆcuŒGQb ˆh, wZwb Dcjwº¬ KGib,
SzuwKcƒYÆ nGjI wZwb RbMYGK `vmGZ½i wei‚G«¬ joGZ ejGeb| Mv®¬x hw`I ‰
mgGq AwZgvòvq Rãx gGbvfvevc®² wQGjb, Z^vwc ˆKvbò×GgB wZwb Awnsm c^GK
cwiZÅvM KiGZ cÉÕ§Z wQGjb bv| ‰ mgGq wZwb PvwœQGjb AvG±`vjb Awnsm c¯©vq
cwiPvwjZ ˆnvK, ZGe RbMGYi Awbqw¯¨Z AvG±`vjb hw` M†nhy«¬ chƯ¦ Movq Zey
wZwb AvG±`vjb PvwjGq ˆhGZ cÉÕ§Z wQGjb| ZvB Mv®¬x eGjb, Zviv ˆhb fviZGK
muGc ˆ`q fMevGbi nvGZ A^ev AvaywbK AivRKZvi cG^| ‰fvGe ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh,
fviZ Qvo AvG±`vjb Mv®¬x cwiPvwjZ 1920-22 I 1930-34 mvGji cƒeÆeZÆx AvG±`vjGbi
gGZv wbqw¯¨Z I ˆÕ¼œQvgƒjK AvG±`vjb wQj bv| ‰Uv cÉ^vbyM mZÅvMÉGni i…c
cwiMÉn KGi wb| ‰Uv wQj ˆkl Kivi hy«¬, ‰KwU cÉKvkÅ weG`Ëvn, mswÞµ¦ ‰es
`Ë‚Z eÅeÕ©v hv ˆ`kGK fqven Aw™²KvGíi gGaÅ ˆdGj ˆ`Ge ‰es ˆh ˆKvb gƒGjÅB
weG`kx AvwacGZÅi Aemvb NUGe|
cwíZMY
wò×qv ‰es cÉwZwò×qv wnGmGe fviZ Qvo AvG±`vjGbi Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆZv I cÉÕ§wZgƒjK
cÉk²wUGK weGkÏlY KGib| ˆbZ‡e†G±`i ˆMɵ¦vi RbMYGK AvZwâZ I wKsKZÆeÅwegƒp
KGi ˆdGj| agÆNU, weGÞvf, wgwQj PjGZ ^vGK ‰es ‰àwjGZ RbMGYi eÅvcK AskMÉnY
miKviGK kwâZ KGi ˆZvGj| RbMGYi gGaÅ eÅvcK DGîRbv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ‰es ‰i ˆ^GKB
÷i‚ nq msNvZ| RbMGYi RbÅ ˆKvb cÉKvi w`K wbG`Ækbv wQj bv| ˆbZ‡e†±` nq
c`Ævi A¯¦ivGj A^ev AvZÄGMvcGb PGj hvb| AvGeM ZLb PiGg wQj| wewf®² eÅwî×
I `j ZvG`i wbRÕ¼ AeÕ©vb ˆ^GK ZvG`i aviYv Abyhvqx cwiwÕ©wZGK eÅvLÅv KiGZ
^vGK ‰es Zviv hv fvj gGb KGib ˆmfvGeB KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KGib| AeÅvnZ
cywjwk wbhÆvZb ‰es ivÓ¡Ëxq AaÅvG`k RbMGYi wP¯¦v-GPZbvGK AviI Dóxµ¦ KGi
ˆZvGj| ‰ mgq KsGMÉm KZ‡ÆK AvBb AgvbÅ AvG±`vjGbi ˆKvb cÉKvi WvK wQj bv|
AZ‰e hv eÅwî×MZ ˆÞvf I weGivwaZv ˆ^GK ÷i‚ nGqwQj Zv `Ë‚Z e†w«¬ ˆcGq
AvG±`vjGb i…cv¯¦wiZ nq ‰es AvG±`vjb cwiYZ nq weG`ËvGn|
ài‚Z½
I weÕ¦†wZi w`K ˆ^GK fviZ Qvo AvG±`vjbGK wjbwj^GMvi Õ¼xKvGivwî× Abyhvqx
1857 mvGji fviZxq gnvweG`ËvGni mvG^ Zzjbv Kiv hvq| ‰ AvG±`vjb eÅ^ÆZvq
chÆewmZ nq, KviY wbiÕ¨ I ˆbZ‡Z½wenxb RbMY kwî×kvjx mvgËvRÅev`x miKvGii
wei‚G«¬ `uvovGZ cvGi bv| ZeyI, ‰ gnvb AvG±`vjGbi ài‚Z½ ‰LvGb ˆh, ‰Uv
RvZxq AvG±`vjGb Õ¼vaxbZvi `vweGK ˆgŒwjK `vweGZ cwiYZ KGi| fviZ Qvo AvG±`vjGbi
cGi ˆcQb w`GK ˆdivi Avi ˆKvb c^ wQj bv| weËwUk miKvGii mvG^ fwelÅGZ
ˆKvb aiGbi AvGjvPbv ÷ay ÞgZv nÕ¦v¯¦i cÉGk²B nGZ cvGi| Õ¼vaxbZv Avi `iKlvKwli
eÅvcvi wQj bv ‰es Zv myÕ·Ó¡ nGqwQj hyG«¬i cGi| [iwéZ ivq]