fvIqvj gvgjv   mviv evsjvG`Gk Z^v fviZeÅvcx PvçjÅ m†wÓ¡Kvix I wek kZGKi cÉPvi gvaÅGg AbÅZg AvGjvwPZ NUbv| ‰wU cƒeÆeGã weÕ¦†Z fvIqvj Rwg`vwii wZb Askx`vGii AbÅZg Askx`vi Kzgvi iGg±`ÊbvivqY ivq-‰i Af„ZcƒeÆ gvgjv|

weÕZ‡wZ, Avq I ghÆv`vi w`K ˆ^GK fvIqvj ‰GÕ¡U wQj cƒeÆeGãi ‰KwU e†nr I meÆcÉvPxb Rwg`vwi| mGZi kZGKi ˆklw`K ˆ^GK ‰B ‰GÕ¡GUi D«¿e| ˆkÉvwòq eËvþY ˆMvòfzî× ‰B ivRcwievi 1878 mvGj weËwUk miKvGii KvQ ˆ^GK ivq I ivRv ˆLZve jvf KGi| ivGRÅi gƒj ˆK±`Ê RqG`ecyi ‰es ‰LvGbB Rwg`vwii KvPvwi ev ivRevwo AewÕ©Z| KvjxbvivqGYi ci ‰GÕ¡GUi Mw` jvf KGib Zuvi ‰Kgvò ˆQGj ivRv ivGR±`ÊbvivqY ivq| ivGR±`Ê wZb m¯¦vb ˆiGL A͸ eqGm gviv hvb| ‰G`i gGaÅ Avevi `yRb Kg eqGm gviv hvq| fvIqvGji weLÅvZ gvgjvi NUbvwU hLb NGU ZLbI w«¼Zxq cyò iGg±`ÊbvivqY ivq (R¯Ã 28 RyjvB 1884) Rwg`vwii eÅeÕ©vcbv nvGZ ˆbb wb|

1909 wLËÓ¡vGõi ‰wcÉj gvGmi ˆklw`GK Õ¨x wefveZx ˆ`ex I kÅvjK mGZű`Êbv^ eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq ‰es Rwg`vi gnGji ‰K eni f‡ZÅmn iGg±`ÊbvivqY Õ¼vÕ©Å D«¬vGii jGÞÅ evqy cwieZÆGb `vwRÆwjs hvb| ‰Kw`b fvIqvGji ˆjvKRb Rvbj ˆh, iGg±`ÊbvivqY `vwRÆwjsGq nVvr AmyÕ© nGq gviv ˆMGQb; ˆmLvGb ZuvGK h^vixwZ `vn Kiv nGqGQ ‰es Zuvi Õ¨x I AbÅvbÅiv Zuvi g†ZzÅGZ ˆklK‡ZÅ Kivi RbÅ NGi wdGi ‰GmGQb| wK¯§ 1920 mGb ivRv iGg±`ÊbvivqY m®²ÅvmxGeGk XvKvq cybivweÆf„Z nb| AGbGK ZuvGK kbvî× KiGjI ivRv wbGRi ˆ^GK Avcb cwiPq ˆ`b wb| wZwb ‰K^vI eGjb wb ˆh, wZwb fvIqvj ivGRÅi wZb Askx`vGii ‰KRb| hviv ZuvGK wPbGZ ˆcGiwQGjb Zviv 1922 mvGj ZuvGK fvIqvGj wbGq AvGm ‰es ZLbB wZwb AvZÄcwiPq ˆNvlYv KGib| cwievGii ‰KRb m`mÅ wnGmGe ivRevwoi cÉwZwU wRwbGmi mGã wZwb KZLvwb cwiwPZ ‰wU cÉgvGYi RbÅ wZwb ˆek wKQy mvÞÅcÉgvY cÉ`kÆb KGib|

wK¯§ iGg±`ÊbvivqGYi cwievi ZuvGK cÉK‡Z iGg±`ÊbvivqY i…Gc ˆgGb wbGZ AÕ¼xKvi KGi| ZvG`i `vwe, iGg±`Ê 1909 mGb `vwRÆwjsGq gviv ˆMGQb| ‰w`GK ivRv wbGR Zuvi cwiPGqi eÅvcvGi ˆKvb iKg ZrciZv bv ˆ`LvGbvGZ hviv ZuvGK ivRevwoGZ wbGq ‰GmwQj Zviv iGgG±`Êi mwZÅKvGii cwiPq cÉwZÓ¤vq cÉ^Gg Amyweavq cGo| ZGe ‰KwU myweav wQj ‰B ˆh, ivRv cÉvmvG`i wewf®² wRwbm wPbGZ cvGib ‰es ˆmmGei e†îv¯¦ Zuvi Rvbv AvGQ eGj `vwe KGib|

ˆklchƯ¦ m®²Åvmx weÕ¦vwiZ Z^Å cÉKvk KGi eGjb ˆh, wZwb fvIqvj ivGRÅi ‰K Z‡ZxqvsGki gvwjK| wK¯§ Zuvi cwievi mGã mGã ‰B `vwe bvKP KGi ˆ`q ‰es m®²ÅvmxGekx iGg±`ÊGK ‰KRb wecäbK wg^Åv `vwe`vi wnGmGe MYÅ KGi| ivRcwievi ‰B fí bvMv m®²vÅvmxi nvZ ˆ^GK ZvG`i iÞv Kivi RbÅ miKvGii wbKU AbyGiva Rvbvq| iGgG±`Êi KjKvZv wbevmx Õ¨x, m®²ÅvmxGK Zuvi Õ¼vgx wnGmGe ˆgGb wbGZ evi evi AÕ¼xK‡wZ Rvbvb|

AvcGm mgmÅv mgvavGbi mKj cÉqvm eÅ^Æ nGj, iGg±`ÊbvivqY 1935 mvGj XvKv RRGKvGUÆ ‰KwU DîivwaKvi gvgjv `vGqi KGib| cv®²vjvj emyi ˆKvGUÆ Zuvi gvgjv cwiPvjbvi RbÅ eÅvwiÕ¡vi we. wm PÅvUvwRÆGK wbhyî× Kiv nq| ˆKvGUÆ mvÞÅcÉgvY ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ eümsLÅK ˆ`kx I BDGivcxq wewkÓ¡ eÅwî×GK ZvwjKve«¬ Kiv nq| cÉGZÅGK wbR wbR mvGÞÅ kbvî× KGib ˆh, m®²Åvmx AvmGjB iGg±`ÊbvivqY| ˆKvGUÆ iGg±`ÊbvivqY `vwe KGib ˆh, wZwb Zuvi kÅvjK mGZű`Êbv^ eG±`ÅvcvaÅvGqi lohG¯¨i wkKvi|

mGZű`Êbv^ ‰K ˆeKvi Õ²vZK, ˆm Zvi m¯¦vbnxbv ˆevGbi mg^ÆGb iGgG±`Êi Rwg`vwi Ask wbq¯¨Y Kivi cwiK͸bv KGi| ivRv AviI `vwe KGib ˆh, mGZű`ÊbvG^i loh¯¨ cwiK͸bvq mnGhvMx wQGjb cvwievwiK wPwKrmK Av÷GZvl `vk൦| ivRv iGg±`ÊbvivqY wQGjb wmwdwjGmi ˆivMx| ˆivMgywî×i K^v eGj Zviv ZuvGK loh¯¨gƒjKfvGe `vwRÆwjsGq wbGq hvq ‰es `vwRÆwjsGqi bZzb kÄkvGbi KvGQ ˆÕ¡c ‰mvBW bvGgi ‰KwU ˆMÕ¡ nvDGR Zuvi AvevGmi eÅeÕ©v KGi| ivRv RvbvGjb ˆh, Iiv ZuvGK wel LvBGq ˆgGi ˆdjGZ ˆPGqwQj ‰es ivGZi A®¬KvGi ZuvGK `Ë‚Z `vn KiGZ ˆPGqwQj| wK¯§ ‰i gGaÅ H ‰jvKvq nVvr wkjvSo ÷i‚ nGj ˆhme fvov Kiv ˆWvg ivRvGK ˆcvovGZ wbGq wMGqwQj Zviv ZuvGK ˆdGj ˆiGL PGj hvq|

H mgq ‰K`j bvMv m®²Åvmx kÄkvGbi cvk w`Gq hvwœQj| Zviv ivRvGK Aævb AeÕ©vq cGo ^vKGZ ˆ`GL| m®²Åvmxiv ZvG`i ˆWivq ivRvGK enb KGi wbGq hvq ‰es ˆmevkykÉ…lv KGi| ˆmevq ivRv AvGivMÅ jvf KGib eGU, wK¯§ ÕÆwZkwî× nvwiGq ˆdGjb| bvMv m®²ÅvmxG`i mGã wZwb 1909 ˆ^GK 1920 chƯ¦ övgÅgvY Rxebhvcb KGib| 1920-‰ hLb IG`i mGã PëMÉvg ˆ^GK XvKvq ˆcuŒGQb ZLb AvKwÕÃKfvGe wZwb jyµ¦ ÕÆwZ wdGi cvb| ZLb ˆ^GK wZwb Zuvi feNyGi RxeGbi mgvwµ¦ NUvGZ gbÕ© KGib ‰es m`iNvGUi evKjÅv´£ euva ‰i ‰K ˆKvYvq m®²ÅvmxGeGk AeÕ©vb KiGZ ^vGKb| ÕÆwZöskZv ˆ^GK gyî× nIqvi ci fvIqvGj wdGi wMGq Rwg`vwii `vwe`vi nIqvi ˆKvb evmbv Zuvi wQj bv| wK¯§ cwiwÕ©wZB ZuvGK Zuvi cwiPq ˆNvlYv KiGZ ‰es 1935 mGb DîvwaKvi gvgjv i‚Ry KiGZ evaÅ KGi|

iGg±`ÊbvivqGYi AbyKzGj AGbK AvjvgZ ˆ`LvGbv nq, hvi gGaÅ wQj bvbv Qwe, wPò, kvixwiK wPn×, cwiwPZG`i wPwVcò I wee†wZ BZÅvw`| ‰Bme mvGÞÅi cÉvq meàwjB cÉgvY Kij ˆh, m®²Åvmx cÉK‡ZcGÞ iGg±`ÊbvivqY ivq| weæ wePviK cwiGkGl 1937 wLËÓ¡vGõi 22 wWGmÁ¼i Zuvi ivq cÉ`vb KGib ˆh, ‰B m®²ÅvmxB fvIqvj ivGRi mn-Askx`vi Kzgvi iGg±`ÊbvivqY ivq| wK¯§ Zuvi Õ¨x wefveZx H ivq bv ˆgGb DœP Av`vjGZ Avwcj KGib| KjKvZv nvBGKvUÆ ˆRjv RGRi ivq envj ivGL| evw` wcÉwf KvDw´ÖGj gvgjvwU wbGq hvIqvi RbÅ AvGe`b KGi, wK¯§ nvBGKvUÆ ‰B AvGe`b bvKP KGi ˆ`q|

fvIqvj m®²Åvmx gvgjvwU ‰ZB DGîRbvcƒYÆ wQj ˆh, gvgjv hZB MovGZ ^vGK ZZB ˆ`Gki mKj cò-cwòKvq bvbv gbMov g¯¦eÅ I imvGjv Kvwnbx cÉKvk ˆcGZ ^vGK| AwaK¯§, RbZvi ˆKŒZ„nj ˆgUvGZ AmsLÅ cÉPvicò, weæwµ¦ I Kvwnbx Qvcv nGZ ^vGK| 1937-‰ ‰B gvgjvi wbÓ·wî chƯ¦ ‰es cGiI fvIqvj m®²Åvmx eüeQi aGi MxZ, Mv^v, bvUK, w^GqUvi, hvòv I wmGbgvi DcRxGeÅ chÆewmZ nq| 

[wmivRyj Bmjvg]