f`ËGjvK JcwbGewkK kvmGbi AwfNvGZ D«¿„Z AwfRvZ ˆkÉYx|
cÉvK&-AvaywbK hyGM msÕ•‡Z fvlvq f`Ë kõwU AGbK A^Æ enb KiZ, h^v evÕy¦wfUv,
f„mÁ·wî BZÅvw`| Avevi ‘f`Ë’ kõwU weGkl eÅwî×i myi‚wP I m`vPiYI ˆevSvZ|
Dwbk kZGKi ˆMvovi w`GK f`ËGjvK ‰KwU mvgvwRK ˆkÉYx wnGmGe weKvk jvf KGi
‰es Dwbk kZGKi gaÅfvGM ‰Gm ‰KwU mvgvwRK cÉwZÓ¤vGb cwiYZ nq| cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK
AG^Æ f`ËGjvK kõwUi mGã AvgvG`i cÉ^g cwiPq NGU fevbxPiY eG±`ÅvcvaÅvGqi
(1787-1848) ˆjLvq| wZwb JcwbGewkK ivÓ¡Ëxq KvVvGgvq ˆ`kxq ˆKivwb, Þz`Ë
Avgjv, KgÆKZÆv-KgÆPvix, beÅ eÅemvqx I Rwg`vi, wVKv`vi cÉf‡wZ ˆkÉYxGK
eÅã KGi f`ËGjvK eGj AvLÅvwqZ KGiGQb| Zuvi eÅã iPbv KwjKvZv Kgjvjq
(1823), beeveywejvm (1825), bewewewejvm (1831) cÉf‡wZ
MÉG¯©i welq nGœQ beÅ f`ËGjvK| ‰me f`ËGjvK BDGivcxqG`i mvnPGhÆ ‰Gm ivZvivwZ
cÉPzi ab-mÁ·` MGoGQ| bZzb cÉfzi cÉfvGe ‰B beÅ f`ËGjvK ˆkÉYx ZvG`i wcZ‡cyi‚lG`i
agÆ I msÕ•‡wZi cÉwZ exZkÉ«¬ nGq DGVwQj| ZGe Av^ÆmvgvwRK KviY I cwiewZÆZ
cwiwÕ©wZGZ ‰ beÅ f`ËGjvGKiv Dwbk kZGKi gaÅfvM ˆ^GK mvgvwRK mÁÃvb jvf
KiGZ ^vGK|
Dwbk
kZGKi ˆklw`K ˆ^GK cÉkvmwbK I f„wgwbfÆi gaÅGkÉYx, hviv wQj mywkwÞZ ‰es
mÁ·`kvjx Zviv mvaviYfvGe mgvGR ‘f`ËGjvK’ wnGmGe cwiwPZ nGZ ^vGK| wek
kZGKi w«¼Zxq `kK chƯ¦ mgvGR f`ËGjvK ˆkÉYx wnGmGe Õ¼xK‡Z wQj wn±`y AwfRvZ
ˆkÉYx| ˆKbbv, ˆewki fvM Rwg`vi ‰es wkwÞZ AwfRvZ ˆkÉYx wQj wn±`y| AwfRvZ
gymjgvbG`iGK ZLb ejv nGZv Avkivd| Z^vwc, BsGiR kvmbvgGj (1858-1947)
agÆwbiGcÞ wkwÞZ I mÁÃvwbZ eÅwî×G`i f„wgKvi RbÅ evOvwj mgvRKvVvGgvq eÅvcK
cwieZÆb NGU| hvG`i f„wgKvi RbÅ ‰B cwieZÆb NGU ZvivI f`ËGjvK wnGmGe cwiwPZ|
mvgvwRK ˆkÉYxwebÅvGm ‰Lb Avi ‘f`ËGjvK’ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi AwÕ¦Z½ ˆbB| eZÆgvGb
eÅwî×i ˆckv, mvgvwRK I ivR‹bwZK A¯¦fzÆwî× ‰es eÅwî×MZ ARÆb Abyhvqx mvgvwRK
ˆkÉYx webÅÕ¦ nq| [wmivRyj Bmjvg]