wewcbP±`Ê cvj (1858-1932) ˆ`kGcÉwgK, ivRbxwZwe`, ev™Âx, mvsevw`K I ˆjLK|
1858 mvGji 7 bGfÁ¼i wmGjGUi ‰K weîkvjx KvqÕ© cwievGi wZwb R¯ÃMÉnY KGib|
Zuvi wcZv ivgP±`Ê cvj wQGjb ‰KRb MÉvgxY Rwg`vi ‰es wmGjU AvBbRxex mÁcÉ`vGqi
‰KRb m`mÅ| wZwb Šeúe gGZi Abymvix nGjI wn±`y AvPvi-AbyÓ¤vb ‰es Bmjvwg
wP¯¦v-ˆPZbv «¼viv cÉfvevw¯¼Z nGqwQGjb|
wcZvgvZvi
‰Kgvò cyò wewcbP±`Ê cvj wmGjU knGi R‹bK ˆgŒjfxi wbKU cÉv^wgK wkÞv MÉnY
KGi| wZwb wmGjU miKvwi DœP we`ÅvjGq cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK wkÞv MÉnY KGi ˆmLvb
ˆ^GK ‰´ŸÈv´Ö cvm KGib| AZtci wZwb ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö KGjR ‰ fwZÆ nb|
wK¯§ wWwMÉ ARÆGbi cƒGeÆB wZwb covGkvbv ZÅvM KGib| Zuvi mvwnwZÅK ˆhvMÅZv
wQj DGÍÏLGhvMÅ ‰es wZwb eÅvcKfvGe MxZv ‰es Dcwbl` PPÆv KGiwQGjb|
1879
mvGji cÉ^g w`GK ‰KwU DœPwe`ÅvjGqi cÉavb wkÞK wnGmGe wewcbP±`Ê Zuvi KgÆRxeb
÷i‚ KGib ‰es ‰ c`ghÆv`vq wZwb wmGjU I wmGjGUi evBGiI PvKwi KGib| wKQyw`b
(1890-91) wZwb KjKvZv cvewjK jvBGeËwiiI mÁ·v`K wQGjb| QvòRxeGb KjKvZvq
AeÕ©vbKvGj wZwb ˆKkeP±`Ê ˆmb, wkebv^ kvÕ¨x, weRqK‡ú ˆMvÕ¼vgx cÉgyL hkÕ¼x
eÅwî×i NwbÓ¤ msÕ·GkÆ AvGmb| ˆKkePG±`Êi cÉfvGe wZwb eËvþ AvG±`vjGbi cÉwZ
AvK‡Ó¡ nb| Zuvi AvaÅvwZÄK Av`kÆvewj weRqK‡ú ˆMvÕ¼vgx KZ‡ÆK cÉPífvGe
cÉfvweZ nq| wkebv^ kvÕ¨xi mGã ˆgjvGgkv ZuvGK mvgvwRK weG`Ëvn ‰es Õ¼G`kGcÉGgi
Av`GkÆ DäxweZ KGi|
myGi±`Êbv^
eÅvbvRÆx wewcb cvjGK mwò×q ivRbxwZGZ AskMÉnGY DrmvwnZ KGib| AekÅ kxNÉB
wZwb evjMãvai wZjK, jvRcZ ivq ‰es Aiwe±` ˆNvl ‰i Pigc¯x© gZv`GkÆ
`xwÞZ nb| wK¯§ wZwb wZjGKi wn±`y RvZxqZvevG`i Av`kÆGK MÉnY KiGZ cvGib
wb| wZwb wQGjb mwÁÃwjZ ‘ˆ`kGcÉGgi’ ‰KRb cÉeî×v ‰es fviGZi gGZv ‰KwU
ˆ`Gki RbÅ wZwb ‰GK hG^vchyî× gGb KiGZb|
wewcbP±`Ê
cvj 1885 ˆ^GK KsGMÉGmi cÉMwZkxj kwî×i mGã mshyî× wQGjb ‰es 1886 I 1887-ˆZ
KjKvZv ‰es gv`ËvGR AbywÓ¤Z h^vò×Gg KsGMÉGmi w«¼Zxq I Z‡Zxq evwlÆK AwaGekGb
ˆhvM`vb KGib| gvwjKG`i «¼viv wbÓ¤zifvGe wbcxwoZ AvmvGgi Pv-evMvb kÉwgKG`i
cGÞ KvR Kivi RbÅ wZwb KsGMÉmGK evaÅ KGiwQGjb|
1898-ˆZ
wewcb cvj ZzjbvgƒjK agÆZî½ AaÅqb KiGZ BsjÅv´£ Mgb KGib| wK¯§ ‰K eQi
ci wZwb fviGZ wdGi AvGmb ‰es Zuvi mvµ¦vwnK cwòKv wbD Bw´£qv-i
gvaÅGg Õ¼ivR ev cƒYÆ Õ¼vaxbZvi Av`kÆ cÉPvi KiGZ ÷i‚ KGib| ˆ`kGcÉGg Dóxµ¦
nGq wZwb wbRGK fviGZi gywî× AvG±`vjGb wbGqvwRZ KGib| 1904-‰ wZwb fviZxq
RvZxq KsGMÉGmi ˆevÁ¼vB AwaGekGb mfvcwZZ½ KGib| 1905-‰ eãfã ‰i
ciciB wewcb cvj eG±` gvZig& bvGg ‰KwU Š`wbK cwòKv Pvjy KGib ‰es wbGRB ‰i
cÉavb mÁ·v`K nb| wZwb eãfGãi wei‚G«¬ my`†p AeÕ©vb MÉnY KGib ‰B wek¼vGm
ˆh, ‰Uv wQj evOvwjG`i wefî× Kivi ‰es ZvG`i ò×geaÆgvb ivR‹bwZK cÉfve
P„YÆ Kivi RbÅ miKvGii ‰KwU mycwiKw͸Z c`GÞc| eãfã weGivax cÉPviYvi cGÞ
RbgZ MVGbi DGóGkÅ AbÅvbÅ eãfã weGivaxG`i mGã wbGq wewcbP±`Ê evsjv, Avmvg,
BD.wc ‰es gv`ËvGRi wewf®² AsGk cÉPviYvgƒjK mdGii eÅeÕ©v KGib|
eãfGãi
cieZÆx w`bàwjGZ ˆh Õ¼G`kx AvG±`vjb fviZeÅvcx QwoGq cGo, wewcb
cvj wQGjb Zvi Õ©cwZG`i gGaÅ ‰KRb| 1907-‰ wZwb Z^vKw^Z ‘eG±` gvZig&
weG`Ëvn gvgjv’q Aiwe±` ˆNvGli wei‚G«¬ mvÞÅ cÉ`vb KiGZ AÕ¼xKvi Kivq Qq
gvm KvivGfvM KGib| Kviv gywî×i cGi ‘evaÅZvgƒjK wbeÆvwmZ Rxeb hvcb’ KiGZ
wewcbP±`Ê 1908-‰ BsjÅv´£ PGj hvb ‰es ˆmLvGb wZb eQi AeÕ©vb KGib| cÉ^g
wek¼hyG«¬i cGi wZwb wZjGKi ˆbZ‡GZ½ ˆnvgi‚j jxGMi cÉwZwbwa `Gji m`mÅ
wnGmGe Z‡Zxq evGii gGZv 1919-‰ BsjÅv´£ mdi KGib| 1921-‰ wZwb ewikvGj
AbywÓ¤Z eãxq cÉvG`wkK mwÁÃjbxGZ mfvcwZZ½ KGib| wLjvdGZi Õ¼vG^Æ ‰Kxf„Z
AmnGhvM AvG±`vjb ‰i mGã wZwb wbRGK mÁ·†î× KGib wb ‰es wPîiéb `vk ‰i ˆeãj cÅvÙ ‰i (1923) wZwb mgvGjvPbv KGiwQGjb| fviGZ
mvÁcÉ`vwqK mgmÅvi (1920-25) cÉK‡wZ mÁ·GKÆ gIjvbv gynÁÃ` Avjxi gZvgZGK
wZwb MÉnY KiGZ cvGib wb| 1925 mvj ˆ^GK wZwb mwò×q ivRbxwZ ˆ^GK Aemi
MÉnY KGib|
wewcb
cvj mvsevw`KZvGK DrmvwnZ KGib ‰es wmGjU ˆ^GK evsjv mvµ¦vwnK cwi`kÆK
cÉKvk KGib (1886)| wZwb ˆeãwj cvewjK IwcwbIb-‰i mnKvix mÁ·v`K
wnGmGe `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib (1882) ‰es A͸Kvj jvGnvi wUÇweDb-‰ KvR
KGib| wKQyKvj wZwb w` ˆWGgvò×vU ‰es w` Bw´£GcG´£´Ÿ-‰i
mÁ·v`K wQGjb| 1887 mvGj wZwb ivbx wfGÙvwiqvi ‰KwU RxebxMɯ© (evsjvq)
cÉKvk KGib| Zuvi AbÅvbÅ MÉG¯©i gGaÅ Bw´£qvb bÅvkbvwjRg, bÅvkbvwjwU
AÅv´£ AÅvÁ·vqvi, Õ¼ivR AÅv´£ w` ˆcÉGR´Ÿ wmPzGqkb, w` ˆewmm
Ae ˆmvkÅvj widig, w` ˆmvj Ae Bw´£qv cÉf‡wZ weGklfvGe LÅvZ|
A`gÅ
Drmvnx wewcbP±`Ê cvj wek¼vm I weGeGKi cÉGk² ivRbxwZi ˆÞGò KLbB Avcm
KGib wb| RxeGbi ‰GKevGi cÉv^wgK chÆvGqB wZwb wn±`y mgvGRi KzmsÕ•vimgƒGni
wei‚G«¬ weG`Ëvn KGib| bvixwkÞvi Ici weGkl ài‚Z½mn fviZxq wkÞv weÕ¦vGii
ˆÞGò wZwb wQGjb ‰K AMÉ`ƒZ ‰es bvix-cyi‚Gli mgvbvwaKvGii ‰KRb cÉeî×v|
eËvþmgvGRi ‰KRb m`mÅ wnGmGe wZwb ‰KRb eËvþY weaev wbZÅKvjx ˆ`exGK weGq
KGib| wbZÅKvjx ˆ`exi g†ZzÅi ci myGi±`Êbv^ eÅvbvRÆxi `ƒimÁ·KÆxq AvZÄxqv
AvGiKRb eËvþY weaev weiRvGgvwnbx ˆ`exi mGã wewcbPG±`Êi weGq nq|
weLÅvZ
ev™Âx wewcbP±`Ê cvj fviZxq RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjGbi mgq ˆkÉvZvG`i DäxweZ
KiGZ cviGZb| fviGZi Õ¼vaxbZv AvG±`vjGbi BwZnvGm wZwb ‰K AbbÅ Õ©vb AwaKvi
KGi AvGQb| 1932 mvGj KjKvZvq Zuvi g†ZzÅ nq|
[wPîiéb wgkÉ]