weò×gcyi   cÉvPxb eGãi ivR‹bwZK I mvsÕ•‡wZK ˆK±`Ê| eZÆgvGb evsjvG`Gki gyw´ÖMé ˆRjvi ‰KwU Açj wnGmGe ÷ay weò×gcyi bvgwU ˆeuGP AvGQ| `wÞY-cƒeÆ eGãi cÉvPxb ivGRÅi ivRavbx weò×gcyi knGii a»smveGkl wejxb nGq ˆMGQ| cÉvµ¦ ZG^Åi wfwîGZ ‰i AeÕ©vb mÁ·GKÆ ÷ay aviYv Kiv hvq|

gyMj AvgGj ciMbv wnGmGe weò×gcyi bvgwUi AwÕ¦Z½ cvIqv hvq| ˆlvok kZvõxGZ ˆUvWigGji ivRÕ¼ eÅeÕ©vq ‰i bvg ˆ`Lv hvq| ZLb ‰wU ivRÕ¼ wnGmGe 83,376 UvKv cÉ`vb KiZ| 1728 mvGji gGaÅ ivRÕ¼ e†w«¬ ˆcGq Zvi cwigvY `uvovq 1,03,001 UvKv ‰es 1763 mvj bvMv` Zv Avevi nËvm ˆcGq `uvovq 24,568 UvKvq| ‰i KviY, ‰i gaÅ ˆ^GK ivRbMi I ŠeKz¥¤cyi bvgK `ywU bZzb ciMbvi AvwefÆve| c«Âvi a»smvZÄK cÉK‡wZI ‰i RbÅ wKQyUv `vqx| eZÆgvGb ‰gbwK miKvwifvGeI ‰ bvgwUi AwÕ¦Z½ ˆbB| wK¯§ gyw´ÖMGéi ‰K weÕ¦†Z AçGji Awaevmxiv ‰LbI wbGRG`iGK weò×gcyGii evwm±`v wnGmGe DGÍÏL KiGZ MeÆ ˆeva KGi, hv AekÅB AçjwUi AZxGZi ˆMŒie ˆ^GK D«¿„Z|

cÉvPxbKvGj wbtmG±`Gn weò×gcyi eã RbcG`i meGPGq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ivR‹bwZK ˆK±`Ê wQj| AçjwU wLËÓ¡xq `kg kZvõxi ÷i‚ ˆ^GK òGqv`k kZvõxi cÉ^g chƯ¦ P±`Ê, egÆb I ˆmb ivRvG`i ivRavbx wQj| weò×gcyGii DGÍÏL ‘m Ljy kÉx weò×gcyi mgvevwmZ kÉxgäqÕ•®¬evivZ’ (weRq A^ev ivRavbxi ivRKxq Õ©vb hv weò×gcyGi AewÕ©Z)-i…Gc kÉxPG±`Êi ZvgËkvmGb meÆcÉ^g ˆ`Lv hvq ‰es cieZÆx egÆb I ˆmb ivResGki kvmbvgGj weò×gcyGii ‰ ghÆv`v AeÅvnZ wQj| ‰gbwK ˆmbG`i kvmbvgGj, huviv ejGZ ˆMGj cÉvq mgMÉ eGãi Ici cÉvavbÅ weÕ¦vi KGiwQGjb, weò×gcyi ZuvG`i ivRavbx i…Gc ejer wQj ‰es b`xqvq gymjgvb Avò×gYKvix eLwZqvi LjRx i nvGZ civwRZ nIqvi ci jßYGmb ‰ AçGj ‰GmwQGjb| Zuvi `yB cyò wek¼i…cGmb I ˆKkeGmb ռ͸KvGji RbÅ ‰ Açj kvmb KGiwQGjb| wek¼i…cGmb I ˆKkeGmGbi ZvgËkvmbàwjGZ ivRavbx i…Gc weò×gcyGii DGÍÏL bv ^vKGjI Zuviv ˆh f„wg `vb KGiwQGjb Zvi AeÕ©vb wQj weò×gcyi fvGM| ‰GZ ‰ AçGji Ici ZuvG`i KZ‡ÆGZ½i K^v ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q| weò×gcyGii LÅvwZ 1280 wLËÓ¡vGõi cÉ^g w`K chƯ¦ we`Ågvb wQj| ‰mgq `byRgvae `ki^G`e wKsev wRqvDóxb eibxi `byR ivq myeYÆ MÉvGgi (ˆmvbviMuvI) mw®²KGU Zuvi ivRavbx Õ©vbv¯¦i KGib| ZLb ˆ^GK mgMÉ myjZvwb AvgGj ‰ AçjwU weÕÆwZi cvZvq ˆ^GK hvq| ‰ici gyMj hyGM ivRÕ¼ ZvwjKvq ÷ay ciMbv wnGmGe ‰i bvGgi DGÍÏL cybivq ˆ`Lv hvq| gyMj AvMÉvmGbi wei‚G«¬ weò×gcyGii Rwg`vi Puv` ivq I ˆK`vi ivq ‰i (evsjvi evGiv f„uBqv G`i DGÍÏLGhvMÅ `yRb) exGivwPZ cÉwZGiva weò×gcyiGK wKQyUv ռ͸թvqx ˆMŒie cÉ`vb KGi|

eZÆgvGb weò×gcyi gyw´ÖMé ˆRjvi ‰K weÕ¦†Z Açj ‰es ˆKvb ‰K mgGq Zv c«Âv AwZò×g KGi dwi`cyGii wKq`sGki Ici weÕ¦vi jvf KGiwQj| wK¯§ ‰K^v ejGZB nq ˆh, Dî× bvGgi AçGji cÉK‡Z mxgv wbaÆviY Kiv LyeB KÓ¡ mvaÅ| AçjwUi ˆfŒGMvwjK ŠewkÓ¡Åvewji Ici wfwî KGi wbfÆyjZvi ˆKvb `vwe bv KGi mxgvbv wbaÆviGYi ‰KwU ˆPÓ¡v PvjvGbv hvq| ^vKeÕ¦ Rwic gvbwPGò (1845-1877 mvj) KxwZÆbvkvi (ˆgNbvi mGã wgwjZ nIqvi wVK cƒeÆeZÆx c«Âv) ˆKvb DGÍÏL ˆbB| cwøGg c«Âv, Dîi I cƒGeÆ aGjk¼ix ‰es `wÞGY Avwoqvj I ˆgNbvi msGhvMÕ©Gji gaÅeZÆx Açj wbGq weò×gcyi MwVZ| R‹bK Õ©vbxq Kwe jvjv ivgMwZ Zuvi gvqvwZwgiPw±`ÊKv-ˆZ DGÍÏL KGib ˆh, weò×gcyi bvgK my±`i ivGRÅ AGbK eËvþY cwíZ wQGjb ‰es ‰ weò×gcyi cƒGeÆ eËþcyò gnvZx^Æ ‰es cwøGg c«ÂveZxi gaÅeZÆx Õ©vGb AewÕ©Z| ‰ AçGji gaÅ w`Gq ˆQvU b`x KvjxMãv (1781 mvGji ˆRgm ˆiGbGji gvbwPGò `†Ó¡) cÉevwnZ ‰es ‰i Dîi ZxGi B`ËvKcyi (gyw´ÖMé), wdwiwãevRvi, AvõyÍÏvcyi, gxiMé, wmivRw`, ˆmGKibMi, nvmviv, ˆlvjNi, ev‹oLvwj, ^vIw`qv, evwjMuvI, ivRvevwo cÉf‡wZ I `wÞGY gyjdZMé, KivwZKj, Rcmv, Kv±`vcvov, kÅvgmy±`i, wLjMuvI, mvGiãv, wPK±`x, MãvbMi, ivavbMi, ivRbMi, NvMwiqv, jwoKj cÉf‡wZ mg†w«¬kvjx MÉvgmgƒn cÉwZÓ¤vjvf KGiGQ| mµ¦`k kZvõxGZ c«Âv ‰ AçGji eÅvcK a»sm mvab KGi ‰es Puv` ivq I ˆK`vi ivGqi gnr KxwZÆàwj MÉvm KGi KxwZÆbvkv A^Ævr cyivKxwZÆi webvkK bvGg AvLÅvwqZ nq| c«Âv ‰ AçGji gaÅfvM w`Gq cÉevwnZ| dGj AçjwU `ywU fvGM wefî×-h^v, Dîi weò×gcyi ‰es `wÞY weò×gcyi| cÉvq `yk eQi cƒGeÆ weò×gcyi cƒeÆ ˆ^GK cwøGg cÉvq 30 ˆ^GK 40 gvBj ‰es Dîi ˆ^GK `wÞGY cÉvq 8 ˆ^GK 10 gvBj weÕ¦†Z wQj|

weò×gcyi knGii AeÕ©vbGK gyw´ÖMGéi AvaywbK kni ˆ^GK AbwZ`ƒGi ivgcvj AçGji mGã kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ| AçjwUi cÉZÄZvwî½K wbixÞGYi wfwîGZ AbyGgq ˆh, cÉvPxb ivRavbxwU cÉvq 15 eMÆ gvBj RyGo weÕ¦†Z wQj ‰es ˆmLvGb cÉvq 17/18wU MÉvg wQj| ‰ AçGji Dîi w`GK BQvgwZ b`x cÉevwnZ ‰es cÉvPxb b`xi ˆmËvGZvavivi mgv¯¦ivGj cƒeÆ-cwøGg cÉmvwiZ ˆek DuPz cuvwPGji a»smveGkl `†Ó¡ nq| cƒeÆ w`GK eËþcyGòi cÉvPxb ˆmËvZ cÉevwnZ| cwøg I `wÞGY `ywU cÉkÕ¦ cwiLv iGqGQ hv eZÆgvGb h^vò×Gg wgiKvw`g Lvj I gvKznvwU Lvj bvGg cwiwPZ| 200 dzU cÉkÕ¦ cwiLv «¼viv ˆewÓ¡Z gvwUi `yGMÆ AewÕ©Z eÍÏvjevwo ivRcÉvmv`wU ‰Lb a»smÕ¦ƒGc cwiYZ| ivgcvGji PvicvGk cÉvK-gymwjg hyGMi AGbK cyKzi ˆ`Lv hvq| ZGe Õ©vcGZÅi w`K w`Gq wewf®² gw±`Gii a»smveGkl Qvov ˆmhyGMi AbÅ ˆKvb BgviZ K`vwPr bRGi cGo| 1929 mvGj ‰b.ˆK fëkvjx cÉvq 30wU a»smveGkl kbvî× KGib| wZwb axcyi I ˆmvbvis bvGg `ywU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ gw±`iÕ©Gji K^v DGÍÏL KGib| Avi.wW eÅvbvRÆxI iNyivgcyGii mw®²KGU wKQy KvVvGgv ˆ`GLb| cvk¼ÆeZÆx eRÊGhvwMbx MÉvg wQj cÉwm«¬ ˆeŒ«¬ cwíZ AZxk `xcâi‰i R¯ÃÕ©vb| mgMÉ AçjwUGZ AwZ gƒjÅevb cÉvPxb wb`kÆbmgƒn ˆ`Lv hvq hgb, gƒjÅevb avZzGZ wbwgÆZ wbLyuZ Kvi‚KvhÆcƒYÆ (wn±`y I ˆeŒ«¬) fvÕ•hÆmgƒn| ‰ Açj (PzivBb) ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ ‰KwU i…cvi weúzgƒwZÆ eZÆgvGb fviZxq Rv`yNGi msiwÞZ AvGQ| `xNÆ KvÓ¤Lí wbwgÆZ A¶Öiv AvK‡wZi (myimy±`ix) ‰Kv`k kZvõxi ‰KwU Õ¦Á¿ (eZÆgvGb evsjvG`k RvZxq Rv`yNGi msiwÞZ) mgMÉ DcgnvG`Gk ‰K Aw«¼Zxq wb`kÆb wnGmGe weGePÅ| fvÕ•hÆ AjâiYmn AviI `ywU KvGVi Õ¦Á¿ weLÅvZ ivgcvj w`wN (2200 dzU  840 dzU) ˆ^GK cvIqv ˆMGQ| hw`I ivgcvGji PZzw`ÆGKi eZÆgvb cÉvK‡wZK f„`†kÅ cÉvPxb KvGji gnvbMixi AwÕ¦GZ½i ˆKvb BwãZ cÉ`vb KGi bv, Z^vwc cÉvPxb wb`kÆb I ˆjvKKvwnbxmgƒn cÉvPxb knGii AZxGZi DrKGlÆi K^v ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q| Pviw`GKi b`xi MwZavivI ‰K mgGqi mg†w«¬gq knGii wejywµ¦i KviY nGZ cvGi| ivgcvGj gaÅhyMxq ‰KwU gmwR` I evev Av`g knxG`i mgvwai a»smveGkl eZÆgvGb ‰Kgvò `kÆbxq HwZnvwmK wb`kÆbi…Gc `uvwoGq AvGQ|

ivgcvj MÉvGgi mGã Dî× bvGgi weLÅvZ cvj ivRvi ˆKvb mÁ·KÆ iGqGQ wKbv Zv wbYÆq Kiv KwVb| wjwc DrKxYÆ msò×v¯¦ Z^Å ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq ˆh, egÆb ivRv ˆfvRegÆb ev mvgjegÆb nvwZ I i^ cÉ`vGbi gvaÅGg cvj ivRv ivgcvGji e®¬zZ½ jvf KGib| ‰gb nGZ cvGi ˆh, ivgcvj weò×gcyGi wMGqwQGjb ‰es cÉvmvG`i wbKUeZÆx ˆhÕ©vGb ZuvGK AvbyÓ¤vwbKfvGe eiY Kiv nGqwQj, ˆm ‰jvKv Zuvi bvgvbymvGi bvgKiY Kiv nGqwQj| ‰Uv AevÕ¦e ˆh, ivgcvj weò×gcyi Açj Zuvi kvmbvaxGb ˆiGLwQGjb| RbkÉ‚wZ AvGQ ˆh, ivgcvGji bvg Õ©vbxq R‹bK eÅemvqxi bvgvbymvGi Kiv nGqwQj| ivgcvj bvGg mgwaK cwiwPZ ivgvb±` cvj eÍÏvjGmb‰i kvmbKvGj ivRcwievGii gyw` wQGjb ‰es wZwb AGbK abmÁ·G`i AwaKvix nb| ivRcÉvmvG`i cvk¼ÆeZÆx ‰jvKvq emwZ Õ©vcb KGi wZwb ‰KRb wewkÓ¡ eÅwî×i…Gc Õ¼xK‡wZ jvf KGib| hLb eÍÏvjGmb Zuvi w`wN Lbb KGib ZLb Zv ivgcvGji evmÕ©vb chƯ¦ mÁcÉmvwiZ nq| ‰i…c ‰KwU RbkÉ‚wZ AvGQ ˆh, ‘eÍÏvj KvUvq w`wN bvGg ivgcvj’ (eÍÏvj KZ‡ÆK w`wNwU DrLbb Kiv nq, wK¯§ Zv ivgcvGji bvGg cwiwPZ jvf KGi)|  [Ave`yj gwgb ˆPŒayix]

Mɯ©cwé  Dilip K Chakrabarti, Ancient Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1992; ˆhvGM±`Êbv^ ൦, weò×gcyGii BwZnvm, Z‡Zxq msÕ•iY, KjKvZv, 1405 evsjv mb (1998)|