ev`Åh¯¨ mãxGZvcGhvMx kõ m†wÓ¡Kvix h¯¨| ‰àwj K¥¤mãxZ I h¯¨mãxGZ mGã eÅen…Z nq| fviZxq DcgnvG`Gk LbbKvhÆ I cÉvPxb mvwnZÅ ˆ^GK AwZ D®²ZgvGbi ‰K mvãxwZK mfÅZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq ‰es ˆmB mƒGò wewf®² ev`ÅhG¯¨iI cwiPq ˆgGj| wm®¬zmfÅZvq ˆeYy, exYv I g†`Gãi eÅenvi wQj eGj Rvbv hvq| Šew`K hyGM `y±`ywf, f„wg-`y±`ywf, ˆeYy, exYv cÉf‡wZ ev`ÅhG¯¨i eÅenvi cÉPwjZ wQj|

MVb I Dcv`vbMZ w`K ˆ^GK ev`Åh¯¨mgƒn ZZ, ÷wli, Nb I Avb«¬ ‰B Pvi ˆkÉYxGZ wefî×| ZZh¯¨ Zvimshyî×, duy w`Gq evRvGbv nq ˆhàwj ˆmàwj ÷wli, avZzwbwgÆZ h¯¨ Nb ‰es Pvgovi AvœQv`b w`Gq ŠZwi hG¯¨i bvg Avb«¬| ZZ I ÷wlih¯¨ mãxZ ev AbÅ hG¯¨i mGãI evRvGbv hvq, Avevi ‰KKfvGeI evRvGbv hvq| ZvB ‰àwji Aci bvg Õ¼qswm«¬ h¯¨, ˆhgb ˆmZvi, mGiv` cÉf‡wZ| wK¯§ Nb I Avb«¬ h¯¨ ˆKej Mvb ev AbÅ hG¯¨i mGãB evRvGbv hvq; ‰àwji ‰KK ˆKvb cÉGqvM ˆbB; MvqK I ev`GKi Zvj I Q±` wVK ivLvB ‰àwji KvR| ZvB ‰àwji Aci bvg AbyMZwm«¬, ˆhgb Zvbcyiv, g†`ã cÉf‡wZ; K¥¤mãxGZi mGã ‰àwji mÁ·KÆ NwbÓ¤Zi| cwíZG`i aviYv, WÈvgvw` Avb«¬ ev`Å meÆvGMÉ AvweÓ•‡Z nq; cGi gvbyl ZZ RvZxq ev`ÅhG¯¨i eÅenvi Avqî KGi| ÷wli I Nb RvZxq hG¯¨i D«¿e nGqGQ AviI cGi|

ZZ RvZxq h¯¨àwj `ycÉKvGii: Aãywjò wgRive, àwU ev RIqv w`Gq evRvGbv nq ‰es abyÕ¦Z ev abyh¯¨ QGoi mvnvGhÅ evRvGbv nq| ev`ÅhG¯¨i gGaÅ ZZh¯¨B ˆewk| ‰àwji m†wÓ¡i ˆcQGb abyGKi Ae`vb iGqGQ eGj Abygvb Kiv nq| abyGK msGhvwRZ Zvi ev àY ˆQvU ev eo nGj myGii ZviZgÅ NGU| ZvQvov ZvGi AwaK Uvb w`Gj Õ¼i PGo, wXj w`Gj bvGg| Õ¼Gii ‰B IVv-bvgv ˆ^GKB cÉ^gZ ˆek KGqK cÉKvi ev`ÅhG¯¨i m†wÓ¡ nq|

KGqKwU ev`ÅhG¯¨i bgybv

wUDbvi		mvGiãx	myik†ãvi
‰mivR	ˆev	myievnvi	exYv
mvbvB	euvwk	mGiv`	Õ¡ÈvBKvi	Zvbcyiv
ˆmZvi		ieve		fvqwjb	ˆev
Zejv-euvqv		nviGgvwbqvg	cvGLvqvR		ˆLvj
myigíj		mbZzi	Õ¡ÈvBKvi	Léwb

AZxGZ eãG`Gk ˆhme ev`Åh¯¨ eÅen…Z nGZv ˆmmGei AGbKàwjB eZÆgvGb wejyµ¦ ev AeÅen…Z; Avevi eZÆgvGb AGbK bZzb hG¯¨iI AvwefÆve NGUGQ| AZxZ I eZÆgvGbi ˆmme h¯¨GK mvaviYfvGe PviwU fvGM fvM Kiv hvq ˆjvK, DcRvZxq, DœPvã I AvaywbK|

ˆjvKev`Åh¯¨  cÉavbZ agÆxq I mvgvwRK AbyÓ¤vGb eÅen…Z nq| wn±`yG`i cƒRv-cveÆGY ˆXvj-Kuvmi-k›La»wb AZÅvekÅK| ˆKvb ˆKvb ˆ`eZvi gƒwZÆK͸bvqI ev`ÅhG¯¨i ˆhvMmƒò jÞÅ Kiv hvq| k›Lavix weúz , Wgi‚avix wke , gyijxavix K‡ú ‰es exYvavwiYx miÕ¼Zxi gƒwZÆ ‰fvGeB Kw͸Z nGqGQ| ev`ÅhG¯¨i cÉfvGe miÕ¼Zx ‘exYvcvwY’ ‰es K‡ú ‘gyijxai’ bvGg cwiwPZ| gymjgvbG`i weevnvbyÓ¤vGb mvbvB evRvGbv nq, Avi wn±`yweGqGZ evRvGbv nq mvbvB, k›L, ˆXvj, Kuvmi BZÅvw`| ÷ay Zv-B bq, wn±`yG`i gGaÅ k›La»wb I Djya»wb w`Gq eaƒeiY I beRvZGKi AvwefÆve ˆNvlYv Kiv nq| ‰Qvov kehvòv, ˆkvfvhvòv ‰es hy«¬hvòvqI k›La»wbi cÉGqvRb nq; Kvov-bvKvov, wkãv, `vgvgv, weDMj cÉf‡wZ hyG«¬i ev`Åh¯¨| AZxGZ ˆXvj-mniZ KGi miKvwi wbG`Æk Rvwi Kiv nGZv|

KZK ˆckvq ev`ÅhG¯¨i eÅenvi AãvwãfvGe RwoZ| ˆhgb mvcyGoiv Zzewo evwRGq mvGci ˆLjv ‰es evwRKiiv WzMWzwM evwRGq evbi-fÍÏyGKi ˆLjv ˆ`Lvq| ˆdwiIqvjv I mvKÆvGmi ˆRvKviiv cvGq NyOzi ˆeuGa h^vò×Gg cYÅ ˆdwi KGi I Zvgvmv ˆ`Lvq; Rywo I Léwb evwRGq Šeúe-ŠeivMx I wfLvwiiv wfÞv KGi|

ev`Åh¯¨GK ˆK±`Ê KGi evsjvi ˆjvKmgvGR bvbv AvPvi-msÕ•viI cÉPwjZ AvGQ| k›L I mvbvB gvãwjK ev`Åh¯¨ wnGmGe MYÅ nq; Avevi ivGZ euvwk evRvGbv AgãjRbK eGj mvaviY ˆjvGKi gGaÅ ‰KwU msÕ•viI cÉPwjZ AvGQ| 

evsjvG`Gk ˆjvKev`ÅhG¯¨i eÅenvi eü cÉvPxb| wLËÓ¡xq cçg kZGK weLÅvZ ŠPwbK chÆUK dv-wnqvb cÉvPxb ev`Åh¯¨ ˆ`GL ‰ ˆ`kGK mãxZ I b†GZÅi ˆ`k eGj AvLÅvwqZ KGib| wLËÓ¡xq AÓ¡g kZGK wbwgÆZ cvnvocyi-gqbvgZxi cÉÕ¦idjK I ˆcvovgvwUi wPGò b†ZÅ I ev`ÅiZ gbylÅgƒwZÆ cvIqv ˆMGQ| ‰GZ Kuvmi, KiZvj, XvK, exYv, g†`ã, euvwk, g†rfví cÉf‡wZ ev`ÅhG¯¨i wPò ˆ`Lv hvq| XvK, WÁ¹, Wgi‚ cÉf‡wZ Avb«¬ ‰es wkãv, euvwk, Zzewo cÉZ‡wZ ÷wli h¯¨GK `Ëvweo RbGMvÓ¤xi Ae`vb eGj gGb Kiv nq| beg-‰Kv`k kZGK iwPZ evsjv mvwnGZÅi Avw` wb`kÆb PhÆvcG` MxZ-bU-b†ZÅ-evG`Åi eYÆbv cvIqv hvq| PhÆvi wZbwU cG` ˆgvU mvZwU ev`ÅhG¯¨i bvg AvGQ exYv, cUn, gv`j, Kií, Kmvjv, `y±`ywf I WÁ¼i‚| ‰àwji gGaÅ cUn, gv`j, Kií, Kmvjv I `y±`ywf weevGnvrmGe evRvGbv nGZv| ‰GZ exYv mÁ¼G®¬ ejv nGqGQ ˆh, ÷KGbv jvDGqi ˆLvGji mGã ZuvGZi (myZvi) Zvi w`Gq ŠZwi ‰ h¯¨ ‘mvwi’ ev Qo w`Gq evRvGbv nq|

AvbygvwbK òGqv`k kZGK iwPZ agÆcƒRvi Mɯ© kƒbÅcyivGY weqvwÍÏk cÉKvi hG¯¨i DGÍÏL AvGQ, ˆhgb: XvK, ˆXvj, Kvov, g†`ã, gw±`iv, WÁ¼i‚, `y±`ywf, eiã, ˆfvi, axiKvwj, k›L, wkãv, N¥Ÿv, RqXvK, `vgvgv, LgK cÉf‡wZ| ‰àwji AwaKvskB agÆcƒRv DcjGÞ evRvGbv nGZv| gaÅhyGM wewf®² gãjKveÅ (wLË 13k-18k kZK) MxZvKvGi cwiGewkZ nGZv| Hme KveÅ ‰es ŠPZbÅRxebx MÉG¯© ZZvw` Pvi ˆkÉYxi 66wU ev`ÅhG¯¨i DGÍÏL AvGQ, h^v: ZZ ieve, mµ¦Õ¼iv, Õ¼igíj, i‚`ËexYv, gaymËev, LgK, ˆ`vZviv , wcYvK, wcYvKx BZÅvw`; ÷wli mvbvB, wkãv, gynix (gayKwiKv), Dcvã, Kibvj, welvY, kuvL (k›L), Zzwi, ˆeYy BZÅvw`; Nb KiZvj, gw±`iv, N¥Ÿv, SuvSi, Kuvmi BZÅvw` ‰es Avb«¬ `y±`ywf, wWwíg, g†`ã, RqXvK, exiXvK, Kvov, Wgi‚, cUn, `Mo, cvGLvqvR, WÁ¹, ˆfwi, XvK, ˆXvj, g`Æj, RMSÁ·, WÁ¼yi‚, Léwi BZÅvw`| gãjKvGeÅi hyMGkGl wewf®² mgGq wewf®² mãxZGæi cÉGPÓ¡vq exYv, mvwi±`v , Zvbcyiv, ‰mivR (Av÷iébx), P±`Êmvis, gGbvniv, mGiv`, ‰KZviv , ˆmZvi, myigíj, myievnvi, euvwk, LUZvj, KiZvj, KvVKiZvj, Zejv-euvqv, KwjRv LvDwo, ˆXvjK, kÉxGLvj cÉf‡wZ ev`ÅhG¯¨i D«¿e NGU| ˆPŒó kZGKi ŠeúeKveÅ kÉxK‡úKxZÆGb gyijx ev ˆgvnbeuvwk QvovI KiZvj I g†`Gãi K^v AvGQ; ˆkGli `ywUGK K‡Gúi bvGPi Zvjev`Å ejv nGqGQ| ˆlvGjv kZGK ŠPZbÅG`Gei cÉeZÆbvq KxZÆb RbwcÉq nGq IGV, hvi cÉavb ev`Åh¯¨ wQj ˆLvj, KiZvj I gw±`iv|

gaÅhyGM fviZxq mãxZKjvq gymjgvbG`i Ae`vb AGbK| mywd mvaKG`i mvab-fRGb ev`ÅhG¯¨i eÅenvi wQj| ivRmfvqI weGbv`bgƒjK b†ZÅ-MxZ-evG`Åi eÅeÕ©v wQj ‰es ZvGZ AGbK ev`Åh¯¨ eÅen…Z nGZv; gymjgvb iwPZ KveÅ, weGklZ ivMZvjbvgvq ‰i eYÆbv AvGQ| Wd, mvbvB I bneZ RvZxq h¯¨ gymjgvbG`iB AvweÓ•vi|

BsGiRG`i AvMgGbi cGi ‰G`Gk cvøvZÅ mãxZ I ev`ÅhG¯¨i eÅvcK cÉfve cGo| nviGgvwbqvg , ˆenvjv, wMUvi, dÑzU, weDMj, ˆeéy BZÅvw` cvøvGZÅi ev`Åh¯¨| kni-MÉvg meÆò nviGgvwbqvg ‰Lb ‰KwU mvaviY ev`Åh¯¨ ‰es ‰ w`GqB mãxZwkÞvi nvGZLwo nq|

ˆjvKev`ÅhG¯¨i DcKiY wbZv¯¦B mvaviY ‰es ‰i MVb-cÉYvjxI mnR-mij| jvDGqi ˆLvj, ˆej ev bvwiGKGji gvjv, euvk, KvV, bj, cvZv, gvwU, ˆjvnv, wcZj, myZv, Zvi, wks, k›L cÉf‡wZ ˆ`kR Dcv`vb w`Gq ev`Åh¯¨ wbwgÆZ nq| myZv, ˆNvovi ˆjGRi ˆjvg, avZe Zvi w`Gq ‰KZviv, ˆ`vZviv, ˆebv RvZxq ZZh¯¨; euvk I bj w`Gq euvwk I Zzewo RvZxq ÷wlih¯¨; Kuvmv, wcZj cÉf‡wZ avZe c`v^Æ w`Gq Léwb, N¥Ÿv RvZxq Nbh¯¨ ‰es Mi‚, QvMj I mvGci Pvgov w`Gq XvK, ˆXvj, gv`j RvZxq Avb«¬h¯¨ wbwgÆZ nq| KZK ev`ÅhG¯¨ cÉvK‡wZK Dcv`vb cÉvq AweK‡Z ^vGK, ˆhgb k›L I wkãv| ZvjcvZv w`Gq cvZeuvwk ŠZwi nq| gvwUi mvaviY nuvwo ev ˆQvU KjwmI Zvjev`Å wnGmGe eÅen…Z nq| KwP AvGgi AuvwU NGl ˆfucy ŠZwi Kiv nq| wbGg³ KGqKwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ ˆjvKev`ÅhG¯¨i weeiY ˆ`Iqv nGjv:

ZZh¯¨  ‰ ˆkÉYxi ev`ÅhG¯¨i gGaÅ ‰KZviv I ˆ`vZviv weLÅvZ| ‰KZviv cÉavbZ evDj , Šeúe ŠeivMx I gymjgvb dwKiiv giwg MvGbi mGã eÅenvi KGib; Avi ˆ`vZviv eÅen…Z nq fvIqvBqv , gywkÆw` I KweMvGb| ˆ`vZvivi ‘ˆKviWs’ a»wbi mGã fvIqvBqv MvGbi myGii wbKU-mv`†kÅ ^vKvq fvIqvBqvi Aci bvg nGqGQ ‘ˆ`vZvivi Mvb’|

ˆebv  hG¯¨i MVb I ev`bixwZ wKQyUv ˆenvjvi gGZv| bvwiGKGji AaÆvKvi ‰KwU gvjv euvGki `Gíi mGã ˆeuGa ‰wU ŠZwi Kiv nq| gvjvi IcGii w`GK ^vGK Pvgovi QvDwb ‰es QvDwbi IcGi ‘ˆNvov’i mvnvGhÅ ‰KGMvQv Zvi `Gíi gv^vq KvGbi mGã euvav nq| ˆNvovi ˆjGRi PzGji ŠZwi abyKm`†k Qo w`Gq ˆebv evRvGbv nq| iscyi-w`bvRcyGi Kzkvb I ˆKœQv MvGb ‰ hG¯¨i eÅenvi AvGQ|

mvwi±`v mvaviYZ gywkÆw`, wePvi I ˆKœQv MvGb AbÅvbÅ hG¯¨i mGã evRvGbv nq| XvKv I gqgbwmsn ˆRjvq Qv` ˆcUvGbv I ˆLZ wbovGbv MvGbI ‰i eÅenvi jÞYxq|

LgK h¯¨wU Avb±`jnixi Aci bvg| fwî×gƒjK MvGb ‰wU evRvGbv nq| kƒbÅcyivY I gãjKvGeÅ Mvb I bvGPi ev`Å wnGmGe LgGKi DGÍÏL AvGQ|

÷wli  ‰ ˆkÉYxi ev`ÅhG¯¨i gGaÅ euvwk meGPGq RbwcÉq| me mÁcÉ`vGqi me ˆkÉYxi gvbylB euvwk evRvGZ wKsev ÷bGZ cQ±` KGi| euvwki myi MvGbi evYxGKI dzwUGq ZzjGZ cvGi| mvwi, fvIqvBqv, hvòv , NvUz, Kwe cÉf‡wZ ˆjvKmãxGZi bvbv avivq AbÅ hG¯¨i mGã euvwk evRvGbv nq; ‰wU ‰KKfvGeI evRvGbv hvq| euvwki DcKiY AwZ mvaviY| mvaviYZ ‰K-ˆ`o dzU jÁ¼v wPKb euvk w`Gq ‰wU ŠZwi Kiv nq| eZÆgvGb ˆKvb ˆKvb euvwki Š`NÆÅ ‰i ˆPGq ˆewkI nGq ^vGK| gv^vi w`GK ‰KwU wMuU ˆiGL euvk KvUv nq, hvGZ IcGii w`KUv e®¬ ^vGK; ‰i Aci cÉv¯¦ ^vGK ˆLvjv| wMuGUi KvGQ ‰KwU ˆMvj wQ`Ë Kiv nq; ‰wUGK eGj dzrKvii®¬Ì| ‰i wbGP ^vGK cici QqwU ˆMvj wQ`Ë; ‰àwjGK eGj Zvii®¬Ì| dzrKviiG®¬Ì gyL ˆiGL AvovAvwofvGe euvwkwU aGi Aci wQ`ËàwjGZ `yB nvGZi ZRÆbx, gaÅgv I AbvwgKv w`Gq evqy wbq¯¨Y KGi ‰wU evRvGbv nq|

AvKvi I cÉKviGfG` euvwki wewf®² bvg AvGQ, ˆhgb: Avoeuvwk, K`euvwk, wUciveuvwk, nwiYveuvwk BZÅvw`| ‰àwji gGaÅ Avoeuvwk meÆvwaK cÉPwjZ| ‰i Aci bvg gyijx, ˆgvnbeuvwk, ˆeYy cÉf‡wZ| kÉxK‡úKxZÆGb K‡Gúi gyijx ev ˆgvnbeuvwkGK Avoeuvwk ejv nGqGQ| K‡ú ‰B euvwki myGiB ivavi wPî niY KGiwQGjb eGj Kw^Z nq| gqgbwmsGni ‰KwU ˆjvKmãxGZI ‰K^v ejv nGqGQ: ‘AvÓ¡ Avãyj euvGki euvkx gGaÅ w`qv ˆQu`v/ bvg awiqv WvGK euvkx Kjwâbx ivav\ ’

K`euvwki  gv^v ˆZiQvfvGe ˆKGU KvGVi cvZjv wLj AuvUv nq ‰es ˆmLvGb Clr wQ`ËcG^ dzu w`GjB ‰wU evGR| ‰i wbGP Pvi ˆKvbvKvi ‰KwU D¯Ãyî× evqyi®¬Ì ^vGK| AçjGfG` K`euvwki wewf®² bvg AvGQ, ˆhgb: gyGLi gGaÅ cyGi evRvGZ nq eGj DîieGã ‘gyLveuvwk’, gyGLi KvGQ wLj ^vGK eGj dwi`cyGi ‘wLjeuvwk’ ‰es gyL KjGgi gGZv ˆ`Lvq eGj ‘Kjgeuvwk’ ejv nq| Avw`evmxiv ‰GK eGj ‘jqeuvwk’|

RjcvBàwoi gyLveuvwk wKQyUv wf®²| euvGki ˆQvU-eo eÅvGmi KGqKwU ˆPvOv ciÕ·Gii gyGL cyGi jÁ¼v Kiv nq| AZtci IcGii meGPGq mi‚ ˆPvOvwUGZ dzu w`GjB ‰wU ˆeGR IGV| wUciveuvwki Dfq gyL ˆLvjv ‰es ‰GZ AvUwU wQ`Ë ^vGK| K`euvwki gGZv gv^vq dzu w`Gq ‰wU evRvGbv nq; ZGe Dfq cÉv¯¦ ˆLvjv ^vGK eGj ‰i ev`Gb weGkl ˆKŒkj I AwfæZvi cÉGqvRb| nwiYveuvwk cÉK‡ZcGÞ nwiY wkKvGii euvwk| cÉvq ‰K dzU `xNÆ ‰ euvwki Dfq cÉv¯¦ ˆLvjv ‰es MvGq ˆKvb wQ`Ë ^vGK bv| ‰GZ dzu w`Gj nwiYwk÷i WvGKi gGZv AvIqvR nq; ‰ ˆ^GKB ‰i bvg nGqGQ nwiYveuvwk|

Zzewo  hG¯¨i AvçwjK bvg ‘exY’| ‰wU cÉavbZ mvcyGoiv mvcaiv I mvcGLjvi KvGR eÅenvi KGi| ZvB ‰i AbÅ bvg ‘bvwMb exY’|

k›L ev kuvL  ‰KwU AwZ cwiwPZ ÷wli h¯¨| mgy`Ë ˆ^GK Avn…Z kG›Li ˆfZi-evBi cwiÓ•vi KGi ‰es Zvi bvwf ˆKGU ˆmLvGb dzu w`Gq evRvGbv nq| k›L wn±`yG`i cƒRv-cveÆY, weevn BZÅvw` gvãwjK I cÉvZÅwnK AbyÓ¤vb ‰es mGâZævcGb eÅen…Z nq| ‰Qvov kuvL I N¥Ÿv evwRGq m®¬ÅviwZ ‰es M†Gn cÉGeGki cƒGeÆ bZzb ei-eaƒGK k›L I Djya»wb w`Gq eiY Kiv nq| cÉK‡wZ`î ‰ ev`Åh¯¨wUi eÅenvi eü cÉvPxb eGj gGb Kiv nq|

wkãv ev k†ã  gwnl-k†Gãi AeqewewkÓ¡ ‰KwU ÷wli h¯¨| AZxGZ gwnGli wks ˆ^GK ‰wU ŠZwi nGZv; eZÆgvGb avZz wbwgÆZ wkãv eÅen…Z nq| wkGei wòkƒGji MvGq Wgi‚ I wkãv SzjGZ ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰KKvGj wn±`y mvay-m®²Åvmxiv wkãv eÅenvi KiGZb| gqgbwmsn AçGj wkivwjG`i g¯¨cvV I wkãv evwRGq ˆgN ZvovGZ I wkjve†wÓ¡ ˆiva KiGZ ˆ`Lv hvq| cÉvPxbKvGj wkãv hyG«¬i ev`Åh¯¨ wQj, ‰GK ejv nGZv iYwkãv| eo AvKvGii wkãvGK ejv nq ivgwkãv; ‰àwj ˆcZj ev Zvgvi ŠZwi| ivgwkãv AwZ cÉvPxb h¯¨| BsGiwR ‘‰m’ AÞGii gGZv `xNÆ ‰i Aeqe| ‰wUI AZxGZ iYGÞGò evRvGbv nGZv|

ˆfix  ˆcZGji ŠZwi euvwk RvZxq h¯¨; cƒGeÆ iYGÞGò eÅen…Z nGZv|

ˆfucy  Aâzi MRvGbv AvgAuvwUi ˆLvmv QwoGq ˆRvovwewP ˆZiQvfvGe mvgvbÅ NGl ŠZwi Kiv nq| ˆZiQv Ask gyGL cyGi dzu w`Gj cyu cyu a»wb m†wÓ¡ nq, ‰ ˆ^GKB ‰i bvg nGqGQ ˆfucy| MÉvGgi wk÷G`i ‰wU wcÉq ev`Åh¯¨|

Nbh¯¨  ‰ ˆkÉYxi hG¯¨i gGaÅ Kuvmi cÉavb| ‰wU KsmwbwgÆZ Clr KvbvGZvjv ^vjvi AvK‡wZwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU ev`Åh¯¨| ‰i ‰K cÉvG¯¦ `ywU wQ`Ë KGi `wo ˆeuGa euvnvGZ SzwjGq Wvb nvGZ KvwVi mvnvGhÅ evRvGbv nq| wn±`yG`i cƒRvgíGc ˆXvGji mGã KuvmiI evGR| AvKvGi Clr ˆQvU Abyi…c h¯¨GK eGj Kuvwm| ‰i a»wb AGcÞvK‡Z ZxeË| wewf®² ˆjvKmãxGZ ˆXvGji mGã Kuvwm evRvGbv nq|

N¥Ÿv  `yB iKGgi; ˆjvnv ev ˆcZGji ŠZwi cyi‚ ^vjvi gGZv N¥Ÿv gw±`i I we`ÅvjGq mgq wbG`Æk KiGZ evRvGbv nq| nvZzwo w`Gq AvNvZ KiGj ‰GZ Xs Xs kõ nq, hv eü `ƒi ˆ^GK ˆkvbv hvq| ayZiv dzGji gGZv ˆ`LGZ Avi ‰K aiGbi N¥Ÿv AvGQ, hv evwRGq cƒRvixiv ˆ`eZvi AviwZ KGi| wLËÓ¡vbG`i wMRÆvGZI ‰ RvZxq eo AvKvGii N¥Ÿv evGR| avZzi ŠZwi H KvVvGgvi ˆfZi w`GK Nwoi ˆc´£zjvGgi gGZv ‰KwU ˆQvU `í ˆSvjvGbv ^vGK; IcGii P„ov aGi bvov w`Gj ‰wU hG¯¨i ˆfZGii MvGq AvNvZ KGi a»wb m†wÓ¡ KGi| ˆkKjeuvav N¥Ÿv evsjvi Õ©vcZÅwkG͸i ‰KwU ˆgvwUd eGj MYÅ nq| AZxGZ WvKNGii ivbvi ivGZ Pjvi mgq N¥Ÿv eÅenvi KiZ| Mi‚, QvMj ‰gbwK nvwZi MjvqI N¥Ÿv euvav nq|

Rywo  KsmwbwgÆZ `ywU evwU| ‰i gvSLvGb wQ`Ë KGi ˆgvUv myZvq ˆeuGa `ynvGZ aGi ciÕ·Gii gyGL ˆUvKv w`Gq evRvGbv nq| evwUi Mv Õ·kÆ Kiv hvq bv; KviY ZvGZ Rywoi a»wb AÕ·Ó¡ I weK‡Z nq| Rywo ‰KvavGi Zvj, jq I Q±` wbi…cGY mvnvhÅ KGi| ˆjvKmãxZ I DœPvãmãxGZ Rywoi eÅenvi AvGQ| Šeúe ŠeivMxiv Rywo evwRGq Mvb ˆMGq wfÞv KGi| Rywoi Aci bvg gw±`iv| ‰wU Kuvmvi ŠZwi; AvK‡wZ ˆQvU evwUi gGZv| `ywU evwU ciÕ·Gii AvNvGZ evw`Z nq| Zvj, jq I Q±` wbi…cGY gw±`iv weGkl DcGhvMx|

KiZvj ˆcZGji ŠZwi ^vjvi AvK‡wZwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU h¯¨; ‰i ev`bixwZ Rywoi gGZvB| KiZvGji myZv ev `wo ZRÆbxGZ RwoGq nvGZi ZvjyGZ Pvc I Qvo w`Gq ‰wU evRvGZ nq| nvGZi ‰B Pvc-QvGoi IciB KiZvGji a»wbi DœPZv I g†`yZv wbfÆi KGi| KxZÆGb ˆLvGji Abylã wnGmGe KiZvj AcwinvhÆ h¯¨| ‘hZ wQj bvoveyGb, nj me KxZÆGb/ KvGÕ¦ ˆfGã Movq Kîvj|’ ‰B cÉevG` KxZÆGb KiZvGji ài‚Z½ Õ¼xK‡Z nGqGQ| AçjweGkGl ‰wU Léwb bvGgI cwiwPZ|

LoZvj  ˆRvo-aiv `ywU KvGVi ˆdÌg; AGbKUv QyZvi wgwÕ¨i ˆiu`vi gGZv ˆ`LGZ| ‰KB nvGZi AvãyGj aGi ‰wU evRvGZ nq| fRbvw` MvGb Zvjev`Å wnGmGe ‰i eÅenvi AvGQ|

ˆcÉgRywo  ZuvZhG¯¨i gvKzi AvK‡wZwewkÓ¡ KvGVi `ydvwj UzKivi mvnvGhÅ wbwgÆZ nq| nvGZi AvãyGj aGi ciÕ·Gii MvGq AvNvZ KGi ‰wU evRvGZ nq| KvGVi ˆdÌGgi ˆfZGi ˆjvnvi ˆQvU ˆQvU àwU fiv ^vGK; ‰GZ KvV I avZzi wgkÉa»wb m†Ó¡ nq| AçjweGkGl ‰wU LybRywo I PwU bvGgI cwiwPZ| wRwKi, ˆKœQv, dwKivwj cÉf‡wZ MvGb ˆcÉgRywo eÅen…Z nq|

Zvj  Kuvmvi ŠZwi ‰wU ev`Åh¯¨; `ywU ˆMvjvKvi Zvj ciÕ·Gii mGã AvNvZ KGi ‰B h¯¨ evRvGbv nq|

SuvS ev SuvSi ˆcZGji ŠZwi; ‰wU gaÅgvK‡wZ I e†n`vK‡wZ `ycÉKvGii nGq ^vGK| gaÅgvK‡wZi SuvS ciÕ·Gii AvNvGZ ‰es e†n`vK‡wZ SuvS KvwV w`Gq evRvGbv nq|

RjZiã  KZàwj Pxbv gvwUi evwUi mg¯¼Gq ŠZwi| wewf®² AvKvGii evwUàwj eo ˆ^GK ˆQvU ò×gvbymvGi mvwRGq ZvGZ cvwb wbGq myi wbaÆviY Kiv nq ‰es `ywU KvwVi mvnvGhÅ evwUGZ AvNvZ KGi evRvGbv nq| ‰wU MvGbi AbylGã A^ev ‰KKfvGeI evRvGbv hvq|

bƒcyi  PiYev`Å| ˆcZj ev Zvgvi ŠZwi eò×vKvi duvcv bj w`Gq ‰wU ŠZwi nq| ‰wU gGji gGZv KGi cvGq coGZ nq| bƒcyi cÉavbZ bvGPi Zvjev`Å|

NyOzi  ˆcZGji ˆQvU ˆQvU ‰K àœQ ej ev N¥Ÿv ˆgvUv myZvq ˆMuG^ ŠZwi Kiv nq| ‰wUI ‰KwU PiYev`Å ‰es cvGqi ˆMvovwji IcGi civ nq| cÉavbZ bvGPi Zvjev`Å wnGmGe NyOzGii eÅenvi AvGQ, ZGe `kÆKG`i `†wÓ¡ AvKlÆY Kivi RbÅ mvKÆvGmi ˆRvKvi, eüi…cx, ˆdwiIqvjv I ˆLgUvIqvjvivI NyOzi eÅenvi KGi|

Avb«¬h¯¨ ‰ ˆkÉYxi ev`ÅhG¯¨i gGaÅ `y±`ywf AwZ cÉvPxb| AZxGZ gvãwjK AbyÓ¤vb, Rqhvòv I ˆ`evjGq `y±`ywf evRvGbv nGZv| ‰i cÉKviGf` f„wg-`y±`ywf hyG«¬ wecG`i Avkâvq ‰es wewf®² Drme ˆNvlYvq eÅen…Z nGZv|

wWwíg  evRvGj ‘wWg& wWg’& AvIqvR nq eGj a»wbi AbyKiGY ‰i ‰i…c bvgKiY Kiv nGqGQ|

XvK  Avb«¬ RvZxq ev`ÅhG¯¨i gGaÅ cÉavb| XvGKi eÅenvi AwZ cÉvPxb| cÉ^GgB ejv nGqGQ ˆh, cvnvocyGii ˆcvovgvwUi djGK XvKvw` ev`ÅhG¯¨i wPò AvGQ| eo AvKvGii KvGVi ˆLvGji Dfq gyGL cyi‚ Pvgovi QvDwb w`Gq XvK ŠZwi Kiv nq| ˆLvjwU AvbygvwbK ‰K nvZ eÅvm I `yB nvZ `xNÆ nGq ^vGK| ˆgvUv wdZvi mvnvGhÅ evg KuvGa ˆKvj eivei SzwjGq `yB nvGZ KvwVi mvnvGhÅ ‰wU evRvGZ nq|

evsjvq XvK ‰KwU RbwcÉq ev`Åh¯¨, ZvB ‰GK ˆK±`Ê KGi evsjv mvwnGZÅ AGbK cÉev`evGKÅi m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ, ˆhgb: ‘aGgÆi XvK Avcwb evGR’, ‘wbGRi XvK wbGRB ˆcUvGbv’, ‘XvK ^yGq Píx cvV’ BZÅvw`| ‘MvRGbi bvB wVK wVKvbv/ WvK w`Gq Kq XvK evRv bv|’ gvj`Gn cÉPwjZ ‰B cÉevG` MÁ¿xiv bvP-MvGb XvK evRvGbvi K^v AvGQ| XvGKi eÅenvi AvRI evsjvi meÆò AÞzY³ AvGQ| weGklZ wn±`yG`i cƒRvgíGc XvK I Kuvmi ev`Å AvewkÅK| eo AvKvGii XvK RqXvK ev exiXvK bvGg cwiwPZ; ‰àwj AZxGZ hy«¬GÞGò eÅen…Z nGZv|

ˆXvj  XvGKi ˆPGq AvKvGi ˆQvU| PgÆvœQvw`Z ‰B h¯¨wUi eÅenvi AwaK| mãxZ I b†ZÅKjvq Zvjev`Å wnGmGe ˆXvGji eÅenvi eÅvcK| Kwe, hvòv, Rvwi, MÁ¿xiv, AvjKvc cÉf‡wZ MvGb AbÅvbÅ hG¯¨i mGã ˆXvjI evGR| cƒRv, weevn, gyniiGgi ˆkvfvhvòv, jvwVGLjv, KzwÕ¦i AvLov meÆò ˆXvj evRvGbv nq| wKQyKvj AvGM chƯ¦ MÉvGgMGé ˆXvj evwRGq miKvwi cGivqvbv Rvwi Kiv nGZv| ‰GK ejv nGZv ˆXvj-mniZ| `Þ Xzwj ev`Gbi ˆKŒkGj ˆXvGj weGkl ˆevj ZzjGZ cvGi|

ˆXvjK  nGœQ ˆXvGji Þz`Ë msÕ•iY| ‰wU ˆgGqwj MxZ, ˆLgUv bvP-Mvb ‰es ˆKvb ˆKvb wfGÞvcRxexi MvGb eÅen…Z nq| ˆXvj I ˆXvjK cÉGqvRb Abyhvqx eGm ev `uvwoGq evRvGbv hvq|

Xvgmv  PgÆvœQvw`Z ‰B h¯¨wUi ‰Kw`GK gyL ^vGK ‰es gyLwU cÉkÕ¦| Mjvi mGã mvgGb SzwjGq `yB nvGZ KvwVi mvnvGhÅ ‰wU evRvGZ nq| AZxGZ ‰wU hyG«¬i ev`Å wQj; ‰Lb ˆkvfvhvòvq eÅen…Z nq|

ˆLvj  mvaviYZ gvwUi ŠZwi; AvàGb cywoGq ‰GK kî× Kiv nh| gvwUi ŠZwi eGj ˆLvGji kvÕ¨xq bvg ‘g†`ã’ (= g†r + Aã)| ‰wU ‰KwU cÉvPxb ev`Åh¯¨| ˆgvPvK‡wZi jÁ¼v ˆLvGji Dfq gyGL Pvgovi QvDwb ^vGK ‰es QvDwbi gvSLvGb MvGei Zvwµ¸ jvMvGbv nq| ˆLvGji WvBbvgyL ˆQvU ‰es euvqvgyL AGcÞvK‡Z eo| wdZvi mvnvGhÅ Mjvq SzwjGq A^ev gvwUGZ ˆiGL eGm Lvwj nvGZ ‰wU evRvGbv nq| KxZÆb Mvb I gwYcyix b†GZÅi mGã ˆLvj ev g†`ã evRvGbv nq| gaÅhyGMi fwî×iðvKi KvGeÅ ˆLvj-KiZvjGK kÉx‹PZGbÅi mÁ·wî ejv nGqGQ|

kÉxGLvj  g†wîKv wbwgÆZ ‰KwU Avb«¬ h¯¨, ‰i MVb-cÉYvjx g†`Gãi gGZv| evsjvG`Gki MÉvgvçGj ‰B ev`Åh¯¨wUi cÉPjb ˆewk `†Ó¡ nq|

gv`j  gvwUi ˆLvGji ŠZwi Õ©„jvKvi ‰KwU h¯¨; cÍÏx AçGj DrmGei mgq ‰wU evRvGbv nq| Avw`evmx muvIZvjG`i gGaÅ ‰es Szgyi bvP-MvGb ‰i eÅvcK eÅenvi ˆ`Lv nq|

euvqv  evwUi AvKviwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU h¯¨| ‰i gyGL Pvgovi QvDwb ^vGK| evDjiv evgcvGk ˆKvgGii mGã kî× KGi ˆeuGa evg nvGZi Zvjy I ZRÆbx w`Gq ‰wU evRvq| ‰ mgq ZvG`i Wvb nvGZ ^vGK ‰KZviv| ˆKvb ˆKvb AçGj ‰wU ‘WzwM’ bvGgI cwiwPZ| ‰GK Zejvi ˆjŒwKK msÕ•iY ejv hvq|

WzMWzwM  mvaviYZ wkGei MvRb , mvcGLjv, evbibvP I fÍÏyGKi ˆLjvq eÅen…Z nq| ‰i eo msÕ•iGYi bvg welg XvwK| `ywUi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ nGjv, WzMWzwMi gGZv ‰GZ àjwZhyî× myZv euvav ^vGK bv ‰es LvovLvwofvGe ˆiGL nvGZi Zvjy I ZRÆbx w`Gq ‰wU evRvGZ nq| cwøgeGã gbmvi fvmvb ev Suvcvb MvGb welg XvwK evRvGbvi ixwZ AvGQ|

Kvov  avgvi gGZv ˆ`LGZ KvGVi ˆdÌGgi ‰Kw`GK kî× Pvgovi QvDwb w`Gq ŠZwi nq| wdZvi mvnvGhÅ Mjvq SzwjGq `ynvGZ `ywU mi‚ KvwV w`Gq ‰wU evRvGbv nq| cÉvPxbKvGj Kvov-bvKvov hyG«¬i ev`Åh¯¨ wQj| Kvov evwRGq ivRvG`k ˆNvlYvi K^v Rvbv hvq Nbivg Pò×eZÆxi agÆgãj KvGeÅ: ‘KvovGmvGi wK K^v ˆKvUvj Kq dzGU|’ weËwUk AvgGjI ‰i cÉPjb wQj|

Léwi  Zvjev`Å; Rvwi I NvUz bvP-MvGbi AvmGi ˆXvGji mGã ‰wU evRvGbv nq| Léwii Abyi…c AvGiKwU h¯¨ AvGQ hv Wd ev WÁ¹ bvGg cwiwPZ| ZGe Wd AvKvGi AGcÞvK‡Z eo| Wd dviwm kõ; wRcwmG`i bvP-MvGb ‰wU eÅen…Z nq| gymjgvbiv ‰G`Gk Wd Avg`vwb KGi| ˆlvGjv kZGKi Kwe gyKz±`ivGgi PíxgãGj WÁ¹ hG¯¨i DGÍÏL AvGQ: ‘cÉg^cwZ KvGQ/ wò`k cwZ bvGP/ WÁ¹ waK waK waãv \ ’ dwi`cyi AçGj ‰wU ‘ˆWvg&dv’ ‰es wmGjGU ‘WcwK’ bvGg cwiwPZ| ˆeG`iv ˆfvRevwRi ˆLjvq ˆXvGji mGã Wd evRvq|

‰àwj Qvov cvBjÅv bvGg ‰K aiGbi ˆjvKev`Åh¯¨ AvGQ| ‰wU AvmGj ‰KwU mvaviY g†rcvò, hvi bvg cvwZj ‰es AvçwjK DœPviGY ‰GK ejv nq cvBjÅv| ˆjvKmãxGZ Zvjev`Åi…Gc ‰wU eÅen…Z nq| ev`bGKŒkGj cvBjÅvi ˆcGU Zejv ‰es gyGL euvqv m`†k a»wb ˆZvjv nq| ‰RbÅ ‰GK Zejv-euvqvi ˆjŒwKK msÕ•iY ejv hvq| cvBjÅv ‰KB AvwãGK Nb I ÷wli hG¯¨i cÉGqvRb wm«¬ KGi|  [IqvwKj Avng`]

DcRvZxq ev`Åh¯¨  weGk¼i cÉvq mKj Avw`evmx RbGMvÓ¤xB b†ZÅMxZwcÉq| cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, mvsÕ•‡wZK, agÆxq ˆh ˆKvb Drme-AbyÓ¤vb HwZnÅevnx ev`Åh¯¨ mnKvGi Zviv ‰KK ev e†±` b†ZÅMxwZ cwiGekb KGi| evsjvG`Gki Avw`evmx RbGMvÓ¤xmgƒnI ZvG`i ‰B mvsÕ•‡wZK HwZnÅGK cÉengvb ˆiGLGQ| DîivçGji muvIZvjG`i b†ZÅMxGZ eÅen…Z nq Zb&`v, UvgvK, Wvb&Wv, XvK, ˆXvj, euvwk, wmãv, gv`j cÉf‡wZ h¯¨| e†nîi wmGjGUi MvGiv ‰es cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi Avw`evmx wewf®² RbGMvÓ¤x, ˆhgb: PvKgv , wòcyiv, ZçsMÅv, ˆgËv, eg&, DmyB, cG›Lv, Lywg, jymvB, PvK cÉf‡wZ Õ¼-Õ¼ Drme-AbyÓ¤vGb HwZnÅevnx ev`Åh¯¨ evwRGq ^vGK|

gvigv ˆXvjK	gvigv euvwk

DcRvZxqG`i h¯¨àwj Õ©vbxqfvGe wbwgÆZ| ˆmàwji gGaÅ KwZcq h¯¨ weGkl AbyÓ¤vb Qvov evRvGbv wbGla| ˆXvj, euvwk I ˆenvjvi eÅenviB DRvZxqG`i gGaÅ ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq| euvwk RvZxq hG¯¨i gGaÅ iGqGQ µÏys, Zz, evwR, wkgyi, wkãv I KÑvIGbU| µÏys HwZnÅMZfvGe ˆgËv I Lywg RbGMvÓ¤x eÅenvi KGi ZvG`i mvgvwRK I mvsÕ•‡wZK AbyÓ¤vb ‰es cƒRvcveÆGY| ˆgËv fvlvq µÏys kGõi A^Æ euvwk| cvnvGo Drc®² ‰KcÉKvi wZZv jvDGqi ˆLvj ‰es mi‚ euvGki bj «¼viv ˆgËv ‰es Lywg RbGMvÓ¤x wbRÕ¼ KvwiMwi KjvGKŒkGj µÏys ŠZwi KGi| bGji msLÅvbymvGi ˆgËv mgvGR ‰i Pvi cÉKvi bvg cÉPwjZ AvGQ, ˆhgb: 1. wbGP wZbwU I IcGi `ywU bj ^vKGj Zvi bvg wZbGZs µÏys ev ZzGji‚g µÏys; 2. wbGP `ywU I IcGi `ywU ^vKGj ZvGK eGj µÏysGK; 3. wbGP `ywU I IcGi ‰KwU ^vKGj eGj µÏysgv ‰es 4. wbGP cuvPwU I IcGi PviwU ^vKGj Zvi bvg nq wibvµÏys| ˆgËv ‰es Lywg mgvGR ˆKvbwKQyi RbÅ gvbZ Kivi weGkl AbyÓ¤vGb µÏys ‰es KGjiv , gnvgvix A^ev Š`e-`yweÆcvGKi nvZ ˆ^GK iÞv cvIqvi RbÅ weGkl AbyÓ¤vGb ˆKej wibvµÏys eÅenvi Kiv nq|

euvwkGK PvKgv RbGMvÓ¤x eGj evwR| wewf®² gvGci cvnvwo euvk w`Gq evwR ŠZwi Kiv nq| evwRGZ wKQy Kvi‚KvhÆI Kiv ^vGK| wòcyiv RbGMvÓ¤xi HwZnÅevnx euvwki bvg wkgyi| euvGki ŠZwi mvaviY euvwki ˆPGq wkgyi wKQyUv jÁ¼v I AwaK wQ`Ëhyî×| wòcyivG`i ‘civBqv b†ZÅ’ I cƒRvcveÆGY ‰ euvwk eÅen…Z nq| mvaviYZ PvKgv I ZçsMÅv RbGMvÓ¤xi ˆjvGKiv Pvi-cuvP nvZ jÁ¼v euvk w`Gq wkãv ŠZwi KGi|

ˆXvj RvZxq ev`ÅhG¯¨i gGaÅ iGqGQ LvBs, Lv-Ag, eyã, ˆcn& I Mã ev `viGLvqvs| DmyB RbGMvÓ¤xi ˆXvGji bvg LvBs| Š`GNÆÅ `ynvZ ˆ^GK AvovB nvZ ‰es cÉGÕ© ‰K nvGZi ˆewk ‰B ev`Åh¯¨wU evN ev QvMGji Pvgov ‰es nvjKv Mvgvwi RvZxq KvGVi ˆdÌg w`Gq Zviv wbRÕ¼ KvwiMwi ˆKŒkGj ŠZwi KGi| Lv-Ag LvBs-‰i gGZvB wòcyiv RbGMvÓ¤xi ˆXvj RvZxq ev`Åh¯¨| MivBqv cƒRv I AG¯¦ÅwÓ¡wò×qv AbyÓ¤vGb Lv-Ag evRvGbv AcwinvhÆ| gvigv RbGMvÓ¤xi ˆQvU AvKvGii ˆXvjGK ejv nq eyã| ‰wU Š`GNÆÅ `k Bwç ‰es cÉGÕ© mvZ Bwç chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK| KvV I ebÅ c÷i Pvgov w`Gq eyã ŠZwi Kiv nq| wewf®² AbyÓ¤vGb AbÅ hG¯¨i cvkvcvwk eyãI evRvGbv nq| KvV I Pvgovi ŠZwi ˆcn& mvaviYZ `yB dzU jÁ¼v I ‰K dzU PIov nq| ‰GZ KvwV w`Gq ˆXvGji ˆevj ˆZvjv nq| AÓ¡avZzi ŠZwi PvKwZi gGZv ˆMvjvKvi Mã ev gãGK cG›Lv fvlvq ejv nq `viGLvqvs| ‰i gvSLvbUv ^vGK DuPz; ˆmLvGb KvGVi `í w`Gq AvNvZ KiGj N¥Ÿvi gGZv AvIqvR nq| ˆgËv ‰es LywgG`i ˆMvnZÅv AbyÓ¤vGb, wkecƒRvwi cG›LvG`i wkKvi I hy«¬b†GZÅ ‰es PvKgv, gvigv I PvKG`i agÆxq AbyÓ¤vbvw`GZ ‰B ev`Åh¯¨ eÅen…Z nq|

ˆLs Lis, ˆe-Avbv, ayayK, wò×-Pq, dwKi `vãvBm, ˆmu`v, Ps ˆcÉB ‰es ‰KZviv nGjv ˆenvjv RvZxq ev`Åh¯¨| ˆLs LisGK gvigviv eGj ˆLË LËs ‰es wòcyiviv eGj mvsgyO&| PvKgv, ZçsMÅv, gvigv ‰es wòcyiv RbGMvÓ¤x euvGki Kwç w`Gq ‰wU ŠZwi KGi wewf®² Avb±`-DrmGe evwRGq ^vGK| ZGe PvKgvG`i gGaÅ ‰i eÅenvi ˆewk| ˆenvjvi gGZvB euvk I KvV w`Gq wbRÕ¼ KvwiMwi `ÞZvq wbwgÆZ ˆe-AvbvGK PvKgv fvlvq ejv nq ˆejv, gvigv fvlvq ˆequvR ‰es ˆgËv fvlvq ò| wòcyiv RbGMvÓ¤xi euvkwbwgÆZ ‰ RvZxq ˆenvjvi ŠewkÓ¡ÅcƒYÆ wk͸KgÆ Avw`evmxG`i wk͸‹bcyGYÅi cwiPq enb KGi|

ˆenvjv RvZxq ev`Åh¯¨ wnGmGe ayayK PvKgv, ZçsMÅv I wòcyivG`i gGaÅ meÆvwaK cwiwPZ| ‰ ev`Åh¯¨GK PvKgv I ZçsMÅviv eGj ZzZ&i‚gvI ‰es wòcyiviv eGj UzUz-Av| `ycÉv¯¦ e®¬ `ynvZ jÁ¼v ‰K Lí euvGki wVK gvSLvb eivei ‰KwU ˆMvjvK‡wZ wQ`Ë Kiv nq| Zvici euvGki wcV ˆ^GK ˆeZ ˆZvjvi gGZv KGi mi‚ `ywU evLvwi ˆei KGi ˆenvjvi gGZv ŠZwi Kiv nq| gvigvG`i ˆenvjv RvZxq ev`Åh¯¨ wò×-Pq| KvV I Kuvmvi mvnvGhÅ ŠZwi ‰B ev`ÅhG¯¨ KvGVi ˆMvj PvKwZi Ici cGbGiv-wekwU Zvi mshyî× ^vGK| `ywU KvwVi mvnvGhÅ ‰GZ myi ˆZvjv nq| ‰G`i Avi ‰KwU HwZnÅevnx ev`ÅhG¯¨i bvg `ysgs| dwKi `vãvBm nGjv wòcyiv I DmyBG`i ‰KZviv weGkl| KvV ˆLv`vB KGi ‰KZvivi gGZv ŠZwi KGi wVK gvSLvGb jÁ¼vjwÁ¼fvGe ‰KwU Zvi Õ©vcb Kiv nq| KvwV ev nvZ w`Gq ZvGi myi ˆZvjv nq| DmyB wbwgÆZ eÅwZò×gagÆx wMUvi nj ˆmu`v| ˆ`LGZ AGbKUv NyNy cvwLi evmvi gGZv| `yB-wZb nvZ jÁ¼v I ˆ`o nvZ PIov ‰K Lí KvV ˆLv`vB KGi ‰wU wbwgÆZ nq| ‰i duvcv Õ©vbwU Pvgov w`Gq AvœQvw`Z ^vGK| ‰GZ wZbwU Zvi mshyî× Kiv nq| Ps ˆcÉB DmyBG`i Avi ‰KwU HwZnÅevnx ev`Åh¯¨| cÉvq AvovB nvZ jÁ¼v KvV ˆLv`vB KGi wMUvGii gGZv wZbwU Zvi mshyî× Kiv nq| ‰i cÉ^g ZviwU w`Gq ˆewk myi ˆZvjv nq| ZvB ‰i wbGP cuvPwU ˆQvU KvwV ˆgvg w`Gq AvUGK ivLv nq| ˆgËv ‰es Lywg RbGMvÓ¤xi gGaÅ wewf®² AbyÓ¤vGb eÅen…Z ‰KZviv jvDGqi wKsev bvwiGKGji ˆLvGji mvnvGhÅ wbRÕ¼ c«¬wZGZ ŠZwi Kiv nq|

Avw`evmx RbGMvÓ¤xmgƒGni b†ZÅMxGZi AcwinvhÆ Abylã wnGmGe ‰me ev`Åh¯¨ Avengvb Kvj ˆ^GK eÅen…Z nGq AvmGQ| ‰àwji mGã ZvG`i n…`GqvrmvwiZ AvGeM, m›Ne«¬ RxebvPiY, RxebRxweKv ‰es BnGjŒwKK I cviGjŒwKK aÅvbaviYv wgGjwgGk ‰KvKvi nGq AvGQ|  [ˆgvGgb ˆPŒayix]

DœPvãev`Åh¯¨  ‰ ˆkÉYxi h¯¨àwj mvaviYZ ivMmãxZ ev DœPvãmãxGZ eÅen…Z nq ‰es ‰i ˆewki fvMB ZZ RvZxq, ˆhgb: ˆmZvi, mGiv`, ‰mivR, myievnvi, exYv, Zvbcyiv, w`ji‚ev cÉf‡wZ| ZGe AbÅ wZb cÉKvi h¯¨mgƒGni ˆKvb ˆKvbwUI ‰GÞGò eÅen…Z nq, ˆhgb: euvwk, mvbvB, Zejv BZÅvw`| cÉ^g `ywU Avevi ˆjvKev`ÅhG¯¨i gGaÅI MYÅ|

ZZh¯¨  mgÕ¦ ZZh¯¨B exYv chÆvqfzî×, A^Ævr ZZ Avi exYv mgv^ÆK| exYv ‰KwU AwZ cÉvPxb I AvjvcGhvMÅ h¯¨| ‰GZ Pvgov I ˆjvnv Dfq cÉKvGii Z¯¨x eÅenvi Kiv nq| cÉPwjZ ev`Åh¯¨mgƒGni gGaÅ exYv ˆkÉÓ¤ eGj Õ¼xK‡Z, KviY ‰GZ ‰gb KZàwj myi I MgGKi KvR ˆ`LvGbv hvq hv AbÅ ˆKvb hG¯¨ mÁ¿e bq| exYvi myi gayi, ZGe ÞYÕ©vqx ‰es ˆewk `ƒi chƯ¦ ˆkvbv hvq bv|

wewf®² mgGq wewf®² cÉKvi exYvi cÉPjb wQj ‰es ˆmàwji MVb I myGi ŠewPòÅI wQj, ˆhgb: gnZx, Avjvwcbx (ˆgNZG¯¨i ZuvZ, KvcÆvm ev ˆikGgi myZv eÅenvhÆ), D`yÁ¼ix, ‰KZ¯¨x, wK®²ix, KzwôKv, KœQcx, KzwgKv, ˆNvleZx, wPòv (mµ¦Z¯¨x), Rqv, ŠRÅÓ¤v, ZzÁ¼yi‚ (ZÁ¼yiv), wòZ¯¨x, wòÕ¼ix, `wÞYx, bKzj (w«¼Z¯¨x), bKzGjvÓ¤x, bvG`Õ¼i, bvi`xq, wbtkâ, cwievw`bx, wcYvKx, ˆcvb, cÉmvwiYx, eÍÏKx, wecçx (beZ¯¨x), eËþ, fiZ, gîGKvwKjv (‰KweskwZZ¯¨x), iébx, iveYn¯¦K, i‚`Ë (ieve), kZZ¯¨x, kvi`xq (mGiv`), kÉ‚wZ («¼vweskwZZ¯¨x), lU&KYÆ, mviã (mvGiãx), myi (myik†ãvi), Õ¼i I nw¯¦Kv| ‰àwji AwaKvskB ‰Lb wejyµ¦| ˆKvb ˆKvbwU Avevi bZzb bvGg cÉPwjZ AvGQ| gnZx exYv ‰ ˆkÉYxi hG¯¨i gGaÅ ˆkÉÓ¤ eGj MYÅ| ‰iB cÉPwjZ bvg exYv| gxo-MgK-gƒQÆbvi AbyiYGb myi-jnixi AvGekgq i…c ˆKej exYvhG¯¨B dzwUGq ˆZvjv mÁ¿e| exYv Avw` I ˆgŒwjK h¯¨| cieZÆxKvGji ieve, ˆmZvi, myievnvi, myik†ãvi cÉf‡wZ ZZh¯¨ exYv ˆ^GKB D«¿„Z|

Zvbcyiv cÉvPxb ZÁ¼yiviB bexb msÕ•iY| ‰wU ‰KKfvGe evRvGbv hvq bv, ZGe DœPvãmãxZ I h¯¨mãxGZi ˆÞGò ‰i cÉGqvRbxqZv AcwinvhÆ| Zvbcyivi Zviàwj ˆ^GK ˆh gayi Õ¼i wbMÆZ nq Zv ˆkÉvZvG`i gGb ‰K AcƒeÆ AvGeGki m†wÓ¡ KGi| i‚`ËexYv DœPvãmãxGZ ˆek LÅvZ wQj| Õ¼Giv`xq exYv i‚`ËexYviB D®²Z msÕ•iY| ‰i IcGii Ask mGivG`i Abyi…c| eZÆgvGb ‰i cÉPjb ˆbB| Õ¼iexYv ev myiexYv h¯¨wUI ˆ`LGZ i‚`ËexYvi gGZv| DœPvãmãxGZi ˆÞGò ‰i DcGhvwMZv AvGQ, ZGe eZÆgvGb h¯¨wU jyµ¦cÉvq| gaÅhyGM cÉPwjZ exYvàwji gGaÅ wcYvKx, eÍÏKx I i‚`ËexYv weGkl cÉwm«¬| wcYvKx exYvi AvK‡wZ abyGKi gGZv, QGoi mvnvGhÅ evRvGbv nGZv| ‰i gGZv eÍÏKx exYvI evsjvq weGkl cÉwm«¬ wQj| mµ¦Õ¼iv bvGg ‰KwU h¯¨I ZLb cÉPwjZ wQj| cƒGeÆ Õ¼igíj h¯¨wU exYvh¯¨ bvGgB AwfwnZ nGZv, wK¯§ eZÆgvGb Õ¼igíj ‰KwU c†^K h¯¨| aymix ev `ymix bvGg AvGiK cÉKvi exYvi cÉPjb wQj, wK¯§ Zvi mwVK weeiY cvIqv hvq bv| ZGe cÉvPxbKvGj aymvGiKv bvGg ‰K cÉKvi exYv cÉPwjZ wQj| aymix I aymvGiKv ‰KB ˆMvGòi exYv|

Kwcjvm exYv ˆek RbwcÉq wQj| ‰B h¯¨wUGK KwcjvwmKv, ŠKjvm ev Av`ÅexYv bvGgI AwfwnZ Kiv nGZv| KœQcx exYv KvQƒqv ˆmZvi bvGg cwiwPZ| ‰wU ‰KwU cyivZb I wcÉq ev`Åh¯¨| fviGZi weLÅvZ mãxZwe` Avwgi Lmi‚ ‰i AvweÓ•ZÆv| mµ¦Z¯¨x exYv ˆ`LGZ KœQcx exYvi Abyi…c| Avwgi Lmi‚ m†Ó¡ wòZ¯¨x wZb ZviwewkÓ¡ exYv| gnZx, KœQcx I i‚`Ë ‰B wZbwU exYvi wgkÉGY m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq myik†ãvi exYv| ZvbGmb eskxq cÉwm«¬ exYKvi Rvdi Luv I cÅvi Luv ‰ hG¯¨i D«¿veK| gqƒix exYvi wbGPi Ask gqƒGii AvK‡wZ wewkÓ¡; ZvB ‰i bvg gqƒix exYv| ‰wU ZvDm bvGgI AwfwnZ nGZv| myievnvi exYv aË‚c` AGãi h¯¨| eZÆgvGb ‰wU ÷ay myievnvi bvGgB cÉPwjZ| jGÞ°Œ wbevmx mãxZæ IÕ¦v` IgivI Luv Zuvi wklÅ ˆMvjvg ˆgvnvÁÃ` Luvi RbÅ ‰ h¯¨wU D«¿veb KGib| gaymËev bvGg ‰KcÉKvi exYv gaymű`x bvGgI cwiwPZ wQj| ‰i myi Lye wgwÓ¡ weavq bvg nGqGQ gaymËev| h¯¨ bvGg ‰K cÉKvi exYvi cÉPjb wQj| gyMj AvgGj ‰B hG¯¨i msÕ•vi mvab Kiv nq|

ˆmZvi  DœPvãmãxGZ eÅen…Z ev`Åh¯¨àwji gGaÅ weGkl Õ©vb AwaKvi KGi AvGQ| Avwgi Lmi‚ ‰i D«¿veK| ˆmZvi wòZ¯¨x exYvi D®²Z msÕ•iY| cvimÅ fvlvq ‘ˆm’ gvGb ‘wZb’; wZbwU ZvGii mg¯¼Gq ŠZwi eGj Avwgi Lmi‚ ‰i bvgKiY KGib ˆmZvi| cÉvPxbKvGj ˆmZvi wZbwU Zvi mnGhvGM evRvGbv nGZv, wK¯§ hyGMi cwieZÆGbi mGã mGã ‰i i…c cvΟvGZ ^vGK| eZÆgvb ˆmZvGi wZbwUi cwieGZÆ AvVvGivwU chƯ¦ Zvi eÅenvi Kiv nq|

ˆmZvi `yB cÉKvi- mvaviY I Zid`vi| mvaviY ˆmZvGi mvZwU Zvi ^vGK| cÉv^wgK wkÞv^Æxiv ‰ aiGbi ˆmZvi eÅenvi KGi| ZRÆbxGZ wgRive jvwMGq ZvGi AvNvZ KGi ˆmZvi evRvGZ nq| ‘wgRive’ Aviwe kõ| Aviwe fvlvq AvNvZ KivGK eGj ‘ReÆ’, ‰ ˆ^GKB wgRive nGqGQ| Zid`vi ˆmZvGi mvaviY ˆmZvGii gGZv mvZwU Zvi QvovI AviI ‰MvGivwU Zvi mshyî× ^vGK| ‰àwj AbyiYGbi RbÅ eÅen…Z nq| ˆgNbv` ˆmZvi ˆMvòxq AvjvGci ev`Åh¯¨| ‰i AvIqvR ˆek ài‚MÁ¿xi| g±`ÊÕ¼Gii RbÅ ˆgNbv` eÅen…Z nGq ^vGK| ‰wU myievnvGii ˆPGq LvwbKUv ˆQvU, wK¯§ ˆmZvGii ˆPGq eo| myi‹Pb ˆmZvGii Abyi…c AvGiKwU ev`Åh¯¨| AGbKUv Zidnxb ˆmZvGii eo msÕ•iY| ‰ hG¯¨I Avjvc evRvGbv nGq ^vGK|

mGiv`  Aãywjò ˆMvÓ¤xi ‰KwU RbwcÉq ev`Åh¯¨| ieve I ˆ`vZvivi mswgkÉGY ‰i Drcwî| ieve cvwKÕ¦vGbi Dîi-cwøg mxgv¯¦ cÉG`Gki h¯¨, Avi ˆ`vZviv evsjvG`Gki ˆjvKh¯¨| cÉK‡ZcGÞ ieve ˆ^GKB mGivG`i Drcwî eGj Õ¼xK‡Z| ‘ˆmn&i‚`’ kõ ˆ^GK mGivG`i bvgKiY Kiv nGqGQ|

‰mivR ‰KwU ZZ ev`Åh¯¨; ‰wU Av÷iébx bvGgI cwiwPZ| ‰mivR wgwÓ¡ myGii h¯¨| mvwi±`v, ˆmZvi I mvGiãx ‰B wZbwU hG¯¨i wgkÉGY ‰i R¯Ã| ‰mivR ‰KKfvGe ‰es MvGbi mGã AbyMvgx h¯¨ wnGmGeI evRvGbv hvq| ZvimvbvB ˆ`LGZ ‰mivR hG¯¨i Abyi…c| EfGqi MVbcÉYvjx Awf®²| h¯¨wUi weGklZ½ nGjv ‰i cÉavb ev bvqKx ZvGi ‰KwU mvDí eÝ ^vGK| ZvimvbvBGqi myi ˆek mƒß I Ki‚Y| w`ji‚ev ‰mivR RvZxq Aci ‰KwU ev`Åh¯¨| MVbcÉYvjxGZ wKQyUv wf®²Zv AvGQ| ‰i ˆLvj ‰mivGRi gGZv ˆMvjvKvi bq, PÅvcUv| gGbvniv ‰mivR ˆMvGòiB ZZ h¯¨| IÕ¦v` AvGqZ Avjx Luv ‰i mËÓ¡v| ‰i myGii gvayhÆ LyeB AvKlÆYxq| g±`Êevnvi ‰mivR RvZxq ‰KwU abyh¯¨| ‰mivGRi ˆPGq ‰i AvK‡wZ eo| g±`ÊevnvGii AvIqvR ˆek MÁ¿xi I g±`Ê| ‰wU Avjvc ev AbyMvgx h¯¨| bv`Ziã ‰mivR ˆMvGòi ZZh¯¨; ‰mivGRi gGZv Qo w`Gq evRvGbv nq| bv`Ziã mGÁÃjK ev HKZvb h¯¨mãxGZ eÅen…Z nq|

myigíj  eüZviwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU ZZh¯¨| ‰i Zviàwj ˆRvov myi wnGmGe euvav nq ‰es wZb mµ¦GKi myGi ˆeuGa `ywU KvwV w`Gq ˆRvov ZvGii Ici AvNvZ KGi evRvGZ nq| myigíj ‰KKfvGeI evRvGbv hvq, Avevi AbyMvgx h¯¨ wnGmGeI evRvGbv hvq| m¯§i  myigíj RvZxq ev`Åh¯¨; ‰i MVb-cÉK‡wZ I ev`ÅixwZ myigíGji bÅvq| ‰wU ‰KK ev HKZvb h¯¨ wnGmGe eÅen…Z nq|

mvGiãx  AbyMZ h¯¨ nGjI eZÆgvGb Õ¼Z¯¨ h¯¨ wnGmGeI eÅen…Z nq| DœPvãmãxGZ ‰i weGkl eÅenvi AvGQ| AaÆP±`ÊvK‡wZ Qo w`Gq h¯¨wU evRvGZ nq| mvGiãxi AvIqvR wgwÓ¡| MRj, ˆLqvj, Uµ¸v, KvIqvwj, Vzswi BZÅvw` MvGbi mGã mvGiãx eüjfvGe eÅen…Z nq| g±`Êbv` g±`ÊÕ¼Gii ‰KwU AbyMZwm«¬ ev`Åh¯¨| ‰i D«¿veK IÕ¦v` AvGqZ Avjx Luv| myiieve evRvevi wbqg myik†ãvGii gGZv|

Õ¼imsMÉn  hG¯¨i `íwU ‰mivGRi gGZv, wK¯§ ˆLvjwU mGivG`i gGZv| Ak¼àœQhyî× Qo w`Gq ‰wU evRvGbv nq| ‰i D«¿veK dwKi AvdZveDwób Luv | h¯¨wU ‘exYivR’ bvGgI cwiwPZ| ˆgNWÁ¼yi AvdZveDwób D«¿vweZ AvGiKwU h¯¨| ‰K ZviwewkÓ¡ ‰ h¯¨wU ˆ`LGZ abyGKi gGZv| AaÆP±`ÊvKvi Qo w`Gq ‰wU evRvGZ nq ‰es ‰i myi Lye wgwÓ¡|

÷wlih¯¨  ‰ RvZxq hG¯¨i gGaÅ mvbvB cÉavb| ‰wU euvwk ˆMvGòi ‰KwU h¯¨| DœPvãmãxGZi cvkvcvwk ˆjvKmãxGZi ˆÞGòI ‰i eÅenvi AvGQ| ‰i ‘mvbvB’ bvgKiY nGqGQ dviwm kõ kvn&bvB ˆ^GK, hvi A^Æ eo bj| ˆh ÷wlihG¯¨i bjwU eo, ˆmUvB mvbvB| gymwjg weRGqi ci h¯¨wU evsjvG`Gk AvGm| ayZiv dzGji gGZv ˆcZGji ŠZwi h¯¨wU dzu w`Gq evRvGbv nq ‰es bGji wQG`Ë `yB nvGZi AvOzj w`Gq Õ¼i wbq¯¨Y Kiv nq|

mvbvB h¯¨wU mvaviYZ ‰KKfvGe evRvGbv nq bv| ‰K cÉKvi mvbvB AvGQ hvGZ ‰KUvbv loR (mv) Õ¼iwU evRvGbv nq; Zvi mGã ˆQvU wUKviv hG¯¨ mãZ Kiv nq| ‰B wZbwU h¯¨ mgGeZfvGe evRvGj ZvGK eGj ˆiŒkbGPŒwK, hvi cÉPwjZ bvg bneZ| cƒeÆKvGj bneZ evRvGbvi RbÅ ivRcÉvmvG`i cÉavb ˆZviGYi DcwifvGM bneZLvbv wbgÆvY Kiv nGZv| ˆmLvGb cÉwZ cÉnivG¯¦ bneZ evRvevi ixwZ wQj| wn±`y-gymjgvb Dfq mÁcÉ`vGqi weevnvw` gvãwjK AbyÓ¤vGb mvbvB evGR; cyi‚wjqvi ˆQŒ-bvGP mvbvB eÅen…Z nq|

bÅvmZiã  bvGg avZzi ŠZwi Avi ‰K cÉKvi ÷wlih¯¨ AvGQ; k¼vm-cÉk¼vGmi mvnvGhÅ ‰ ˆ^GK myi ˆei KiGZ nq|

Nbh¯¨  DœPvãmãxGZ NbhG¯¨i ˆZgb eÅenvi ˆbB|

Avb«¬h¯¨  ‰ ˆkÉYxi hG¯¨i gGaÅ cvGLvqvR DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| ‰wU cÉvPxb g†`ã ˆ^GK m†Ó¡ ‰es KvGVi ŠZwi| ‘cvGLvqvR’ kõwU dviwm kõ ‘cvL-AvIqvR’ (hv ˆ^GK cweò a»wb wbtm†Z nq) ˆ^GK M†nxZ nGqGQ| ‰i AvIqvR gayi I MÁ¿xi| g†`Gãi mGã cvGLvqvGRi AvK‡wZMZ cv^ÆKÅ AvGQ| exYv, myievnvi, aË‚c` , avgvi cÉf‡wZi mGã cvGLvqvR weGklfvGe eÅen…Z nq| IÕ¦v` Avwgi Lmi‚ cvGLvqvRGK `yfvGM fvM KGi Zejv-euvqvi m†wÓ¡ KGib| Zejv-euvqv mãxGZi Zvj I gvòv wbG`ÆkK h¯¨| ‰wU gƒjZ AbyMvgx h¯¨ ‰es hy™ÂfvGe evRvGbv nq; ZGe Õ¼qswm«¬ h¯¨ wnGmGeI ‰i eÅenvi AvGQ|

AvaywbK ev`Åh¯¨  ‰ ˆkÉYxi ev`Åh¯¨ ejGZ mvaviYZ ˆmàwjGKB ˆevSvq, ˆhàwji D«¿e fviZeGlÆ bq ‰es AvaywbKKvGj cvøvZÅ ˆ^GK ‰G`Gk ‰GmGQ| nviGgvwbqvg, ˆenvjv, wMUvi BZÅvw` ‰B ˆkÉYxi h¯¨| nviGgvwbqvg ‰K aiGbi ÷wli h¯¨| mshy&î× ˆeGjvi mvnvGhÅ evZvm cÉevGni gvaÅGg cÉGqvRbgGZv wiW Pvjbv KGi ‰wU evRvGbv nq| ‰GZ wZb aiGbi Õ¼iwefvRb ^vGK D`viv, gy`viv I Zviv| K¥¤mãxGZ ‰i eÅenvi AcwinvhÆ|

ˆenvjv  BDGivcxq h¯¨ nGjI evsjvG`Gk LyeB RbwcÉq| BsGiRiv ‰GK ‘fvqwjb’ ‰es BZvjxqiv ‘wfqvGjv’ eGj| ‘wfqvGjv’ kGõi Acösk wnGmGe ‘ˆenvjv’ kõwU cÉPwjZ nGqGQ| gyMj AvgGj cvøvZÅ ewYKiv ‰ h¯¨ ‰G`Gk wbGq AvGm ‰es ò×Gg Zv RbwcÉqZv jvf KGi| ivMmãxZ I ˆjvKmãxZ Dfq ˆÞGòB ˆenvjv evw`Z nq|

ˆenvjvq nvjKv KvGVi ŠZwi PÅv¶Ÿv ev`bcÉGKvGÓ¤i mGã ‰KwU ò×gk mi‚ I Þz`Ë ev`b`í ^vGK| Pvi ZviwewkÓ¡ ‰B hG¯¨i `ywU Zvi ZuvZ, ‰KwU ˆjŒn ‰es AciwU wbGKj wbwgÆZ| ˆjvGgi ŠZwi Qwo w`Gq ‰GZ myi ˆZvjv nq| ˆenvjvi myi gvbyGli K¥¤Õ¼Gii gGZv gGbvni| AÓ¡v`k kZGKi ˆklfvGM evsjvq AvLovB MvGb ‰i weGkl eÅenvi wQj| ‰KK ev mwÁÃwjZ ev`Gb ‰wU eÅen…Z nq|

wMUvi  Qq ZviwewkÓ¡ ZZ RvZxq h¯¨| ‰wU ˆ`LGZ cÉvq ˆenvjvi gGZv, ZGe AvKvGi ˆenvjvi ˆPGq eo| wMUvi `yB cÉKvi Õ·Åvwbk I nvIqvBb| eZÆgvGb mãxZGÞGò ‰wU ˆek RbwcÉq ‰KwU ev`Åh¯¨| h¯¨wU ‰KK wKsev HKZvGb evw`Z nq; MvGbi mGã ivMvjvGcI ‰wU eÅen…Z nGq ^vGK|  [ˆgveviK ˆnvGmb Lvb]

Mɯ©cwé  bxnviiéb ivq, evãvjxi BwZnvm (Avw` ceÆ), KjKvZv, 1945; ivGRk¼i wgò, evsjvi mãxZ (gaÅhyM), KjKvZv, 1955; wRGZ±`ÊGgvnb ˆmb൦, fviZxq ev`Åh¯¨ I h¯¨mvaK, KjKvZv, 1958; ˆgveviK ˆnvGmb Lvb, ev`Åh¯¨ cÉmã, XvKv, 1982; Rvdi Avng` nvbvdx, DcRvZxq b±`b msÕ•‡wZ, evsjvG`k wk͸ ‰KvGWgx, XvKv, 1993; James Hastings (ed), Encyclopeadia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. IX, London, 1953|