evsjvG`k eÅvsK   evsjvG`Gki ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK I gy`Ëv wbq¯¨GYi cÉavb KZƆcÞ| ‰wU 1972 mvGji evsjvG`k eÅvsK AvG`keGj (1972 mvGji ivÓ¡ËcwZ AvG`k bs 127) XvKvq Õ©vwcZ nq ‰es ‰i KvhÆò×g ÷i‚i ZvwiL aiv nq 16 wWGmÁ¼i 1971| evsjvG`k eÅvsK ˆÕ¡U eÅvsK Ae cvwKÕ¦vGbi XvKv kvLvi mKj cwimÁ·` wbGq MwVZ nq| evsjvG`k eÅvsK ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK wnGmGe ˆhme `vwqZ½ cvjb KGi ˆmàwji gGaÅ AvGQ gy`Ëvi cÉPjb, mwçwZ msiÞY, gy`ËvbxwZ cÉYqb I eÅeÕ©vcbv ‰es ˆ`Gki FY eÅeÕ©v wbq¯¨Y| evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi mvweÆK jÞÅ nGœQ ˆ`kxq gy`Ëvi Afů¦ixY I Av¯¦RÆvwZK wewbgq gƒjÅ wÕivLv, ˆ`Gk mÁ¿veÅ mGeÆvœP cwigvY Drcv`b AeÅvnZ ivLv ‰es meÆvwaK wbGqvM I Avq wbwøZ Kiv| evsjvG`k eÅvsK miKvGii eÅvsKvi wnGmGe miKvwi AvgvbZ, ˆPK I WÈvdU MÉnY KGi ‰es AbÅvbÅ eÅvsGKi IcGi ˆjLv ˆPK I WÈvdU msMÉn KGi|

miKvi wbGRi bM` A^Æ evsjvG`k eÅvsGK webv myG` RvgvbZ ivGL| evsjvG`k eÅvsK miKvi ev Zvi ‰GRw´ÖmgƒGni AbyGivGa ‰K Õ©vb ˆ^GK AbÅ Õ©vGb A^Æ Õ©vbv¯¦i KGi| ‰Qvov evsjvG`k eÅvsK miKviGK mGeÆvœP wZbgvm ˆgqvG` ˆdiZGhvMÅ A^Æ AvMvg ˆ`q| ‰K AG^Æ evsjvG`k eÅvsK miKvwi ˆ`bv eÅeÕ©vcK ‰es ‰i ‰KwU miKvwi ˆ`bv KvhÆvjqI iGqGQ| evsjvG`k eÅvsK ˆUÇRvwi weGji wbjvg KGi, cÉvBR e´£ I wewf®² aiGbi mçqcò weò×q KGi, ZvwjKve«¬ eÅvsKmgƒGni RbÅ wbKvk Ni wnGmGe KvR KGi|

evsjvG`k eÅvsK feb: cyivZb I bZzb (wcQGb)

evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi KvhÆvewji ZvwjKvq AviI AvGQ wewbgq wej I cÉZÅ^Æcò ò×q, weò×q I cybeÆvëvKiY| evsjvG`k eÅvsK miKvi I ˆ`Gki ZvwjKve«¬ eÅvsKmgƒGni RbÅ FGYi meÆGkl AvkÉqÕ©j| ZvwjKve«¬ eÅvsKmgƒnGK evsjvG`k eÅvsGK ‰KwU bƒÅbZg mwçwZ msiÞY KiGZ nq| eZÆgvGb wewae«¬ ZvijÅ mwçwZi cwigvY nGœQ Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cwiGkvaGhvMÅ I ˆgqvw` wgwjGq ˆgvU RvgvbGZi 20%, Avi ‰B cwigvGYi 4% ivLGZ nq bM` mwçwZ nvi wnGmGe, evwK 16% ^vGK AbyGgvw`Z jw™²còmgƒGn| Bmjvwg eÅvsKmgƒGni RbÅ wewae«¬ ZvijÅ mwçwZi nvi 10%, ‰es ‰ mKj eÅvsKGK ZvijÅ mwçwZi 6% AbyGgvw`Z jw™²còmgƒGn ivLGZ nq|

cÉPwjZ I AcÉPwjZ wewf®² c«¬wZGZ evsjvG`k eÅvsK FY wbq¯¨GYi ÞgZv AvGivc KGi| eÅvsK nvi I ˆLvjv evRvi KvhÆò×g Qvov cÉvqkB eÅen…Z AbÅ ‰KwU c«¬wZ nGœQ bƒÅbZg mwçwZ nvGii nËvme†w«¬| ˆ`kxq gy`Ëvi Av¯¦RÆvwZK wewbgq wÕ©wZkxj ivLvi jGÞÅ evsjvG`k eÅvsK wewbgq wbq¯¨Y KGi, ˆ`Gk hZ weG`kx gy`Ëv AvGm Zv meB hvGZ wnmvGe A¯¦fzÆî× ^vGK ‰es AbyGgvw`Z wWjviG`i wbKU Rgv cGo Zv wbwøZ KGi| miKvGii bxwZMZ AMÉvwaKvi weGePbvq ˆiGL evsjvG`k eÅvsK ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëvi eivó ˆ`q| Õ¼GYÆi mwçwZ, bM` ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv, ‰mwWAvi ‰es AvB‰g‰d mwçwZ ‰me wgwjGq ˆ`Gki ˆgvU Av¯¦RÆvwZK mwçwZ I Zvi eÅeÕ©vcbvi `vwqZ½ evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi Ici AwcÆZ| evsjvG`k eÅvsK wek¼ eÅvsK, AvB‰g‰d, ‰kxq wKÑqvwis BDwbqb, ‰kxq D®²qb eÅvsK ‰es AbÅvbÅ Av¯¦RÆvwZK A^Æ I gy`Ëv msÕ©vq evsjvG`k miKvGii cÉwZwbwaZ½ KGi|

evsjvG`k eÅvsK ˆ`Gki eÅvswKs eÅeÕ©vi mveÆÞwYK chÆGeÞK ‰es ‰B eÅvsGKi wbKU ZvwjKve«¬ mKj eÅvsGKi Revew`wnZv ^vGK| ˆ`Gki eÅvswKs eÅeÕ©vi myÕ© I mvejxj cwiPvjbvi RbÅ evsjvG`k eÅvsKGK chvƵ¦ ÞgZv ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi AbyGgv`b Qvov ˆ`Gk ˆKD eÅvswKs eÅemvq ÷i‚ KiGZ cvGi bv, we`Ågvb ˆKvb eÅvsK bZzb kvLv LyjGZ cvGi bv ev ˆKvb kvLv ‰K Õ©vb ˆ^GK AbÅGKvb Õ©vGb Õ©vbv¯¦i Kiv hvq bv|

evsjvG`k eÅvsK 1984 mvGji RvgvbZ exgv AaÅvG`k Abyhvqx ‰KwU RvgvbZ exgv wÕ•g cwiPvjbv KGi| ‰B wÕ•Ggi jÞÅ nGœQ evsjvG`Gk Pvjy mKj ˆ`kx I weG`kx eÅvsGK MwœQZ RvgvbZKvixG`i RvgvbZK‡Z AG^Æi wbivcîv wbwøZ Kiv| ‰B wÕ•Ggi AvIZvq ZvwjKve«¬ eÅvsKmgƒn mKj RvgvbZKvixi mGeÆvœP ‰K jÞ UvKv chƯ¦ cwigvGYi exgv KGi ^vGK| ˆ`Gki mKj ZvwjKve«¬ eÅvsKGK evaÅZvgƒjKfvGe ‰B wÕ•Ggi m`mÅ Kiv nGqGQ ‰es Zviv evsjvG`k eÅvsGK wbaÆvwiZ nvGi wbqwgZ wcÉwgqvg cwiGkva KGi| wcÉwgqvGgi A^Æ evsjvG`k eÅvsGK RvgvbZ exgv ZnweGj Rgv nq|

evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi cwiGkvwaZ gƒjab 3 ˆKvwU UvKv ‰es Zv cÉwZwU 100 UvKv gƒGjÅi 3 jÞ ˆkqvGi wefî×| mÁ·ƒYÆ gƒjabB miKvi cwiGkva KGiGQ| ‰wU cwiPvjbvi RbÅ ‰KwU bq m`GmÅi cwiPvjbv ˆevWÆ iGqGQ| evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi MfbÆi ‰i mfvcwZ| AbÅvbÅiv nGœQb ‰KRb ˆWcywU MfbÆi I mvZRb m`mÅ| MfbÆi I ˆWcywU MfbÆi cuvP eQGii Kg ˆhGKvb ˆgqvG`i RbÅ miKvi KZ‡ÆK wbGqvMcÉvµ¦ nb| ZGe miKvi ZvG`i wbGqvGMi ˆgqv` bZzb ˆgqvG`i RbÅ evwoGqI w`GZ cvGib|

evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi cÉavb KvhÆvjq XvKvq| XvKvGZB ‰i `ywU kvLv (m`iNvU I gwZwSj) AvGQ| ‰Qvov evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi ‰KwU KGi kvLv AvGQ PëMÉvg, Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, wmGjU, eàov, iscyi ‰es ewikvj knGi| cÉavb KvhÆvjGq ˆgvU 28wU wewf®² wefvM AvGQ| ‰me wefvM ‰es kvLv KvhÆvjqmgƒGni cÉavb nGœQb ‰KRb wbeÆvnx cwiPvjK A^ev gnveÅeÕ©vcK| evsjvG`Gki eÅvsGKi wefvMàwji bvg Av¯¦RÆvwZK, AvBb, Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vb, KwÁ·DUvi, K‡wlFY, K‡wlFY cwi`kÆb, K‡wlFY cÉK͸, FY Z^Å, MGelYv, RbmsGhvM I cÉKvkbv, wbixÞv I cwi`kÆb, cwimsLÅvb cÉGKŒkj, mgmÅvcƒYÆ eÅvsK cwiexÞY, cÉkvmb, cÉwkÞY ‰KvGWwg, ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv bxwZ, ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv cwi`kÆb, ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv wewbGqvM, cÉkvmb I eÅq, eÅvswKs cwi`kÆb, eÅvswKs wbq¯¨Y I bxwZ, eÅvswKs cwiPvjbv I D®²qb, gy`Ëv eÅeÕ©vcbv I KvwiMwi ‰KK, KvGiw´Ö eÅeÕ©vcbv I wnmve, wk͸FY ‰es wbivcîv eÅeÕ©vcbv wefvM| ‰àwji gGaÅ KwÁ·DUvi-‰i bvGg `ywU, MGelYvi wZbwU I cwimsLÅvGbi `ywU KGi wefvM AvGQ|

evsjvG`k eÅvsK ‰KwU Av¯¦RÆvwZK eÅvsK (eÅvsK di B´ŸvibÅvkbvj ˆmGUjGg´Ÿm, ev ˆmj) ‰es 8wU weG`kx ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi mGã KGimcG´£´Ÿ mÁ·KÆ MGo ZzGjGQ| ‰B 8wU weG`kx ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK nGœQ ˆdWvGij wiRvfÆ eÅvsK (wbD BqKÆ), eÅvsK Ad KvbvWv, eÅvsK Ae BsjÅv´£, eÅvsK `Å dÌv´Ö, WGqm eyG´£m eÅvsK, eÅvsK Ae Rvcvb, ˆmvGqGiGRm wiKm eÅvsK (Õ¡KGnvg) ‰es wiRvfÆ eÅvsK Ae Bw´£qv| ‰Qvov wewf®² Av¯¦RÆvwZK A^ÆmsÕ©vb ˆKG±`Êi 14wU eÅvsGK evsjvG`k eÅvsK Zvi ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëvi mwçwZ wewbGqvM KGi ˆiGLGQ|

weG`Gk gy`Ëv/GbvU QvcvGbvi eÅvcK eÅq ˆ^GK D«¬vi cvIqvi jGÞÅ evsjvG`k eÅvsK ‰KwU wmwKDwiwU gy`ËY cÉK͸ nvGZ ˆbq ‰es ‰wU evÕ¦evwqZ nGj 1992-‰i 18 AGÙvei ˆ^GK evsjvG`Gki wmwKDwiwU wcÉw´Ÿs KGcÆvGikb wjwgGUW-‰i KvR ÷i‚ nq| ‰wU ‰Lb evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ KvR KGi ‰es evsjvG`Gk Pvjy me aiGbi gy`Ëv I UvKvi ˆbvU QvcvGbv QvovI RywWwkqvj I bb-RywWwkqvj Õ¡ÅvÁ·, cÉvBR e´£, ˆiwfwbD Õ¡ÅvÁ·, WvGK cvVvGbv wPwVi Lvg, WvKwUGKU, ÷Í• I AveMvwi wefvGMi RbÅ eÅvw´£Givj ‰es wewf®² eÅvsGKi RbÅ ˆPK eB QvwcGq ^vGK| UvKkvj bvGg cwiwPZ ‰B ˆKvÁ·vwbwUi AekÅ ‰Lb chƯ¦ gy`Ëv evbvGbvi wbRÕ¼ QuvP ˆbB, dGj wWRvBb, ˆj-AvDU BZÅvw` I eÅeÕ©vcbvi mKj KvR ‰Lvb ˆ^GK nGjI avZe gy`Ëv QvcvGbvi KvRwUi RbÅ evsjvG`kGK ‰LbI weG`Gki AGbK ˆKvÁ·vwbi Ici wbfÆikxj ^vKGZ nq| 

evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi ÞgZv I KvhÆvewj AGbKàwj AvBb «¼viv wbqw¯¨Z nq| ‰àwji gGaÅ AvGQ, eÅvsKvmÆ eyKm ‰wfGW´Ö AÅvÙ 1891, BbmjGfw´Ö (Avw^ÆK AÞgZv) AvBb 1920, eÅvswKs ˆKvÁ·vwb AaÅvG`k 1962, evsjvG`k eÅvsK AvG`k 1972, ŠeG`wkK gy`Ëv (wbq¯¨Y) AvBb 1986, A^Æ FY Av`vjZ AvBb 1990, eÅvswKs ˆKvÁ·vwb AvBb 1991, Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒn msò×v¯¦ AvBb 1993, ˆKvÁ·vwb AvBb 1994 ‰es ˆ`Dwjqv AvBb 1997|  [‰m.‰g gvndzRyi ingvb]