ebf„wg
g†wîKv (Forest Soil) ebf„wgi weGkl ŠewkÓ¡ÅcƒYÆ
g†wîKv| AbÅfvGe ejGZ ˆMGj, ‰K cÉKvGii f„wg eÅenvi ‰es ˆKvb AeÕ©vGZB
wbw`ÆÓ¡ g†wîKv ev g†wîKv MÉ‚Gci agÆvewj bq| AbÅvbÅ g†wîKvi gGZvB ebf„wg
g†wîKvi agÆvewj wbq¯¨YKvix cÉavb wbqvgZàGjv nGjv ˆKvb ‰jvKvi f„msÕ©vb,
DœPZv, MÉ^b, cvwb I Zvcgvòv| f„wg eÅenvi, weGkl KGi ˆKvb ‰jvKvq AiGYÅi
weÕ¦‡wZ AekÅB c†Ó¤g†wîKvi iO, ŠRe c`vG^Æi cwigvY, RxGei «¼viv g†wîKvi
DjUcvjU nIqv, mshywZ MVb BZÅvw`i gGZv g†wîKv agÆGK AGbK ˆewk cÉfvweZ
KGi|
‰KwU welq
K͸bv Kiv hvq ˆh, g†rRwbK AZxZKvGj c†w^exi AwaKvsk ‰jvKv ˆKvb bv ˆKvb
AiYÅ «¼viv AvœQvw`Z wQj| wK¯§ K‡wlKvGRi RbÅ f„wgi cÉGqvRb wgUvGbvi wbwgGî
AGbK cÉvK‡wZK AiYÅ ˆKGU cwiÓ•vi Kiv nGqGQ| axGi axGi mfÅZvi AMÉMwZ ‰es
RbmsLÅv e†w«¬i dGj wek¼eÅvcx cÉvK‡wZK ebvçj a»sm nGZ ^vGK ‰es K‡wlKvR,
bMivqY, AeKvVvGgvi D®²qb, wkG͸i AMÉMwZ BZÅvw` KvGR g†wîKvi eÅenvi e†w«¬
cvq| dGj evsjvG`kmn c†w^exeÅvcx ebvçjàGjv ˆKej ˆmme ‰jvKvq AewÕ©Z ˆhLvGb
ebf„wg eÅZxZ AbÅ ˆKvb KvGR f„wg eÅenvGi gvivZÄK mxgve«¬Zv iGqGQ| DwÍÏwLZ
cwiwÕ©wZGZ evsjvG`Gki ebvçjGK KGqKwU fvGM fvM Kiv hvq: (1) DcK„jxq AçGji
ZUxq AiYÅ, (2) Õ¼v`ycvwb ‰jvKvi wbÁ²vçGj AewÕ©Z AiYÅ, (3) fvIqvj-gaycyi
I eGi±`Ê AçGji A¯¦G`Ækxq cYÆGgvPx AiYÅ, (4) cƒeÆ I `wÞY-cƒeÆ cvnvwo
‰jvKvi wgkÉ ò×v¯¦xq AiYÅ ‰es (5) emZevwo I mvgvwRK AiYÅ| cÉwZwU ebf„wg
g†wîKv mÁ·GKÆ mswÞµ¦ eYÆbv ˆ`Iqv nGjv|
ZUxq
AiYÅ Açj evsjvG`Gk
‰ ˆkÉYxi ebf„wgGZ A¯¦fzÆî× AçjàGjv nGjv: (K) my±`ieb (0.67 wgwjqb ˆnÙi
‰jvKv) (L) Avevw` DcK„jxq AiYÅ (100,000 ˆnÙi) ‰es (M) PGKvwiqv my±`ieb
(8000 ˆnÙi)| ‰ KviGY cÉwZwU ebf„wg g†wîKvi ˆek wKQy agÆ ‰KB iKGgi ^vGK,
ˆhgb ˆRvqvGii Clr ˆjvbv cvwb (brackish)
«¼viv µÏvweZ nIqv, AZů¦ `yeÆj wbÓ•vwkZ AeÕ©v, wgwn ˆ`vAuvk ˆ^GK ‰uGUj
MÉ^b ‰es cvwb «¼viv cÉfvweZ agÆvewj| ZUxq AiYÅ g†wîKvi wewf®²gyLx ŠewkÓ¡ÅGK
wewf®² ebf„wg AçGji RbÅ Avjv`vfvGe eYÆbv Kiv nq| evGMinvU, Lyjbv I mvZÞxiv
ˆRjvi ˆh AskwU my±`ieGbi A¯¦fzÆî× ˆm AçjwU Mãv cjjf„wg cjGj AewÕ©Z|
‰ ‰jvKvi g†wîKv aƒmi ˆ^GK Mvp aƒmi, mvgvbÅ ˆ^GK gaÅg Pzbhyî× ‰es Clr
Þvixq wewò×qv mÁ·®² ‰uGUj| Avevw` ZUxq ebf„wg g†wîKv cUzqvLvjx, wcGivRcyi,
ˆfvjv, eiàbv, jßxcyi I ˆbvqvLvjx ˆRjvi Mãv b`xi cjGj cvIqv hvq| ‰ ‰jvKvi
g†wîKv ˆ`uvAvk ˆ^GK ‰uGUj MÉ^Gbi, Pzbhyî× ‰es `yeÆj wbÓ•vwkZ ˆgNbvi
wgjbÕ©j nGZ cwøg ˆ^GK cƒeÆw`GK AMÉmi nGj PzGbi cwigvY nËvm cvq, AbÅw`GK
ˆfvjv ˆRjvi cƒeÆ I cwøg Dfq w`GK g†wîKvGZ cwjKYvi cwigvY nËvm cvq| PëMÉvg
DcK„jxq mgZjf„wgi g†wîKv PëMÉvg, ˆdbx I KÝevRvi ˆRjvq cvIqv hvq| ‰me
g†wîKv ˆRvqvGii mgq µÏvweZ nq, is aƒmi, Pzbnxb ‰uGUj ev wgwn ˆ`vAuvk
MÉ^b mÁ·®²| PGKvwiqv my±`ieGbi g†wîKv gvZvgyüix b`xi e«¼xc ‰jvKvq cvIqv
hvq| ‰KviGY Lyjbv my±`ieb ‰jvKvi g†wîKvi ˆPGq ‰ ‰jvKvi g†wîKv AwaK ÞvwjZ
‰es ‰me g†wîKvGZ meÆvGcÞv Kg cwigvGY AeÞqGhvMÅ gwYK we`Ågvb| wbÓ•vkb
eÅeÕ©vi D®²wZi mvG^ mvG^ ‰ ‰jvKvi g†wîKvi AÁÏZ½ Õ©vbxqfvGe AGbK ˆeGo
ˆhGZ cvGi (wc‰BP 3.5 ‰i Kg), KviY ˆRvqvGii jeYvî× cvwbevwnZ mvjdvBGWi
RviGYi KviGY mvjwdDwiK ‰wmW Drc®² nq| dGj g†wîKv K‡wlKvGRi RbÅ Abychyî×
nGq hvq| PGKvwiqv my±`ieGbi AwaKvsk ‰jvKv eZÆgvGb cwiÓ•vi KGi wPswo
Pvl, jeY ˆÞò I K‡wl KvGRi AvIZvq Avbv nGqGQ| MivbRvZxq eb cÉRvwZi e†Þ
Õ©vbxqfvGe ˆKvb ˆKvb wewœQ®² ‰jvKvq ˆ`Lv hvq| evwYwRÅK w`K ˆ^GK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
ZUxq ebf„wgGZ we`Ågvb MvGQi cÉRvwZàGjv nGjv my±`ix, ˆNIqv, c÷i, Mivb,
ˆMvjcvZv, ˆKIov, KvKiv (kakra)
BZÅvw`|
my±`ieGbi
g†wîKvGK hw` euva w`Gq ˆRvqvGii cvwb «¼viv µÏvweZ nIqv ˆ^GK iÞv Kiv
hvq ZGe euva w`Gq D«¬viK‡Z AbÅvbÅ g†wîKvi gGZv ‰me ‰jvKvI AvDm I ˆivcv
Avgb avb Pvl Kiv ˆhGZv| ˆRvqvi «¼viv m†Ó¡ µÏveb, jeYvî×Zv, evN, ˆMvLyiv
mvc, Kzwgi I ARMi mvc ‰es gÅvGjwiqvi Avò×gGYi KviGY mÁ¿eZ my±`iebGK
K‡wlKvGR eÅenvGii RbÅ ˆKGU ˆdjv nq wb| my±`ieb ‰es DcK„jxq ebvçj NƒwYÆSo
I RGjvœQ¾vGmi mgq Õ©vbxq RbmvaviGYi Rvb-gvj iÞv KGi| AwbK¯§, ‰me ebvçGji
cwiGekMZ ài‚Z½I AGbK| eZÆgvGb my±`iebGK msiwÞZ ‰jvKv wnGmGe ˆNvlYv Kiv
nGqGQ| my±`ieGbi A¯¦MÆZ ˆgvU ‰jvKvi cwigvY cÉvq 6000 eMÆ wKGjvwgUvi|
Õ¼v`ycvwb
Rjvf„wgi ebvçj Lyjbv,
dwi`cyi, ˆMvcvjMé, XvKv, gqgbwmsn, wKGkviMé, ˆbòGKvbv, mybvgMé, nweMé
‰es wmGjU ˆRjvi nvIi ‰jvKvq AewÕ©Z| Õ¼v`ycvwb Rjvf„wg ebvçGji g†wîKv
`yeÆj ˆ^GK AwZ`yeÆj wbÓ•vwkZ, Mvp ˆ^GK Mvp aƒmi ‰uGUj| ‰me g†wîKv hLb
÷wKGq hvq ZLb AZů¦ AÁÏxq wewò×qv cÉ`kÆb KGi| dwi`cyi, ˆMvcvjMé I Lyjbv
ˆRjvi g†wîKvàGjv Mvp aƒmi, Pzbhyî× Þvixq ‰uGUj| ‰me g†wîKv cÉwZeQi ˆgŒmyg
gvwdK Qq gvm µÏvweZ ^vGK|
ˆgŒmyg
gvwdK MfxifvGe µÏvweZ nIqvi KviGY g†wîKvàGjv A‹Re cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGb hG^Ó¡
mg†«¬ nIqv mGî½I K‡wlKvGR ‰G`i eÅenvi mxwgZ| Õ¼v`ycvwb Rjvf„wg ebvçGji
e†n`sk ˆhLvGb KoB, wcUvwj, ei‚b, wnRj, evUiv ‰es wewf®² cÉRvwZi gm,
ˆnvMjv I bjLvMov wQj| RbmsLÅv e†w«¬RwbZ PvGci KviGY eZÆgvGb ˆmme Õ©vb
cwiÓ•vi KGi ˆevGiv avGbi Pvl Kiv nq| evsjvG`Gki DîivsGk Rjvf„wg ebvçj
ˆKGU ˆdjvi dGj `Ë‚Z cwj Rgv nIqvi KviGY RjvavGii cwigvY axGi axGi nËvm,
cÉwZ ‰KK ‰jvKvGZ gvQ Drcv`b nËvm, Rjvf„wgi cwiGek I Rxe‹ewPGòÅi Aebqb
‰es fvwU AçGj AvKwÕÃK ebÅvi cÉv`yfÆvGei KviY nGq `uvwoGqGQ|
fvIqvj-gaycyi
I eGi±`Ê AçGji A¯¦G`Ækxq cYÆGgvPx ebf„wg A¯¦G`Ækxq cYÆGgvPx ebvçj f„ZcƒeÆ XvKv, gqgbwmsn,
UvãvBj, iscyi, eàov, w`bvRcyi I ivRkvnx ˆRjvi cÉvq 0.12 wgwjqb ˆnÙi
‰jvKv RyGo AewÕ©Z| ‰ aiGbi ebf„wgi cÉavb e†Þ cÉRvwZ nGjv kvj| ‰ ebf„wgGZ
RG¯Ã ‰gb AbÅvbÅ MvGQi cÉRvwZàGjv nGjv KoB, Rvi‚j, evUiv, eGniv, wkgyj,
wk`v (shida), eqiv, KzwÁ¼ BZÅvw`| MZ
KGqK `kK hver kvj MvGQi wbweÆPvi KZÆb ‰es PvlvevG`i RbÅ ebf„wg A‹eafvGe
`Lj KGi ˆbIqvi KviGY ebvçj gvivZÄKfvGe MvQkƒbÅ nGq cGoGQ|
fvIqvj-gaycyi
‰es eGi±`Ê AçGji g†wîKvi gGaÅ ev`vwg ˆmvcvb g†wîKv, aƒmi ˆmvcvb g†wîKv
I aƒmi DcZÅKv g†wîKv A¯¦fzÆî×| ‰ wZb cÉKvi g†wîKvi gGaÅ cYÆGgvPx kvjeb
cÉavbZ ev`vwg cvnvwo g†wîKvGZ RG¯Ã| ev`vwg ebf„wg g†wîKvàGjv mywbÓ•vwkZ,
AÁÏxq ‰es ‰G`i MÉ^b ‰uGUj ˆ^GK wgwn ˆ`vAuvk| fvIqvj-gaycyi I eGi±`Ê
AçGj ‰me g†wîKvi MfxiZvi cwimi AMfxi AeÞwqZ ˆmvcvGb 50 ˆmw´ŸwgUvi ˆ^GK
Mfxi AeÞwqZ ˆmvcvGb KGqK wgUvi chƯ¦|
DuPzf„wg
ˆmvcvb g†wîKvGK Õ©vbxqfvGe ‘Pvjv’ ‰es wbPz ‰jvKvi g†wîKvGK ‘evB`’ ejv
nq| AmÁ·ƒYÆfvGe wbÓ•vwkZ mgZj DuPzf„wg ‰es wbPz ‰jvKvGZ e†wÓ¡i cvwb
RwgGq ˆiGL avb Pvl Kiv nq| mywbÓ•vwkZ ev`vwg ‘Pvjv’ g†wîKvi `Ë‚Z cvwb
cÉGekÅZv aGgÆi KviGY avb PvGli RbÅ Abychyî× wnGmGe weGePbv Kiv nq| ‰KviGY ‰me g†wîKv kvj
eGbi RbÅ ˆiGL ˆ`Iqv nq| D®²Z cÉhywî× I Mfxi bjK„Gci «¼viv ˆmGPi cvwb
jfÅ nIqvi KviGY DuPzf„wgi ‘Pvjv’ g†wîKvGK mviv eQi aGi wewf®² cÉKvi
iwe I Lwid kmÅ RÁ²vGbvi Dchyî× eGj weGePbv Kiv nq| ‰Qvov, gaÅg ˆ^GK
AwaK cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb msewjZ Pvjv g†wîKvàGjv mvgwqK ˆmPmn ev ˆmP eÅZxZ D`Åvb
kmÅ, ˆhgb- Kjv, Avbvim, ˆcuGc, Avg, ˆej iv®²vq eÅen…Z ebÅ àÍ weGkl,
BZÅvw` R¯ÃvGbvi DcGhvMx|
Rvgvjcyi
I Rvgvjcyi ˆRjvi DîGi ANb kvj eb Ave†Z cvnvwo ‰jvKvi cYÆGgvPx ebf„wg
cÉvq 12,000 ˆnÙi ‰jvKv RyGo weÕ¦†Z| ‰me cvnvo cÉK‡ZcGÞ Wzwc-wUjv (Dupi-Tila)
I w`wns wmwiGR A¯¦fzî× ‰es myÕ·Ó¡fvGe cÉkÕ© DcZÅKv «¼viv eÅewœQ®²|
Wzwc-wUjv
Õ¦imgwÓ¡GZ A¯¦fzÆî× cvnvwo g†wîKvi mÁ·ƒYÆ cwiGjL mywbÓ•vwkZ, ev`vwg,
Õ©„j ˆ^GK wgwn ˆ`vAuvk MÉ^b ‰es AÁÏxq wewò×qv mÁ·®²| wWwns Õ¦imgwÓ¡i
g†wîKvi ŠewkÓ¡Å Wzwc wUjv g†wîKv m`†k, wK¯§ wKQy eÅwZò×gx ŠewkÓ¡Å we`Ågvb|
‰ eÅwZò×gx ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv nGjv ‰B ˆh, ‰me g†wîKvGZ wgwn eÕ§i gGaÅ eo AvKvGii
bywo I b`xevwnZ cÉÕ¦iLí AbycÉweÓ¡ ^vGK| eÅemvwqK Õ¼vG^Æ wbgÆvY mvgMÉx
wnGmGe Õ©vbxqfvGe wVKv`viMY ‰me cv^i msMÉn KGi|
mwVK
eÅeÕ©vcbvi «¼viv ‰me ‰jvKvi g†wîKvGZ dGji evMvb, wk͸KviLvbvq eÅen…Z
MvQcvjv ˆhgb- Pv, ivevi, IGqj cvg BZÅvw` MvQ jvMvGbv ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰Qvov
AwaK gƒjÅevb KvV cvIqv hvq ‰gb cÉRvwZi MvQI jvMvGbv ˆhGZ cvGi|
cƒeÆ
I `wÞY-cƒeÆvçjxq cvnvwo ‰jvKvi wgkÉ ò×v¯¦xq ebf„wg wgkÉ ò×v¯¦xq ebf„wg f„ZcƒeÆ wmGjU I PëMÉvg
ˆRjvi `wÞY-cƒeÆ Ask ‰es cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGg weÕ¦†Z| ‰ aiGbi ebf„wgGZ A¯¦fzÆî×
‰jvKvi cwigvY cÉvq 18079 eMÆwKGjvwgUvi| cvnvoàGjv wUcvg-myigv (+50%)
‰es Wzwc-wUjv (+40%) wkjv`j wbGq MwVZ| evwK Ask DcZÅKv I b`xRvZ cvjwjK
mgf„wgi cjj g†wîKv, w`Gq MwVZ| cvnvwo ‰jvKvi eGbi gGaÅ A¯¦fzÆî× wbPz
XvGji Av`ËÆ wPimeyR eb, (L) DuPz XvGj AewÕ©Z AvswkK wPimeyR eb, (M)
DuPz-wbPz cvnvGoi Clr-Av`ËÆ cYÆGgvPx eb ‰es (N) g†`y Lvov Xvjy f„wgmn
DuPz cvnvGoi Dci D¯Ãyî× cYÆGgvPx eb| euvk I wewœQ®² mvfvbv eb ˆKv^vI
ˆKv^vI AwgwkÉZ ‰es AbÅò AbÅvbÅ cÉRvwZi mGã wgwkÉZ AeÕ©vq Õ©vbxqfvGe
cwijwÞZ nq| `yeÆj wbÓ•vwkZ DcZÅKv ‰es mgZj b`xR cjGj avb Pvl Kiv nq|
wUcvg-myigv
wkjv`Gji DuPz cvnvwo g†wîKv AMfxi (<+ 50 ˆmw´ŸwgUvi Mfxi), AwZgvòvq
wbÓ•vwkZ, ev`vwg wgwn ˆ`vAuvk ˆ^GK Õ©„j ˆ`vAuvk ‰es AÁÏxq wewò×qv mÁ·®²
hv msnZ ev AmsnZ K`Ægwkjv) eÕ§i Dci AewÕ©Z| Wzwc-wUjv cjGj Drc®² wbPz
cvnvwo g†wîKv cvnvGoi Dfq cvGk m†Ó¡ DîjfGãi (anticline) mvbyG`k `Lj KGi AvGQ| ‰me g†wîKv mywbÓ•vwkZ,
AZů¦ ev`vwg, my`†p mshywZmÁ·®² AÁÏxq wewò×qv msewjZ Mfxi g†wîKv| g†wîKvi
AMfxGi jÅvUvivBUxq eÕ§, cÉKxYÆK wÞwZR ev wµÏbUvBwUq AbyÕ¦iYRvZ àwU «¼viv
hZÞY chƯ¦ bv wewN³Z nq ZZÞY chƯ¦ ‰me g†wîKv eb cÉRvwZi wewf®² e†Þ,
D`Åvb kmÅ cÉRvwZ ‰es wk͸KviLvbvq eÅen…Z nq ‰gb MvQcvjv, ˆhgb- ivevi,
Pv, dGji evMvb, AGqj cvg, Kwd BZÅvw` R¯ÃvGbvi DcGhvMx|
cvnvwo
g†wîKvàGjv ˆfŒZ-ivmvqwbK I A‹Re cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi cwigvGYi w`K ˆ^GK gaÅg
gvòvq DeÆi, wK¯§ Lvov Xvj I AMfxi cwiGjGLi KviGY ‰me g†wîKv cÉ^vMZ K‡wlKvGR
eÅenvGii AbycGhvMx| ZrmGî½I, Õ©vbxq RbmvaviY cÉwZ eQi Xvjy cvnvwo f„wgi
cÉvq 50,000 ˆnÙi eZÆgvGb Ryg PvGl (Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ K‡wlKvR) eÅenvi KGi ‰es
5 ˆ^GK 6 eQGii Rzg-Pò× AbymiY KGi| wmGjU, PëMÉvg I cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi AbÅ
15 ˆ^GK 20 nvRvi ˆnÙi D`Åvb kmÅ, 20 ˆ^GK 30 nvRvi ˆnÙi Pv ‰es 20 ˆ^GK
25 nvRvi ˆnÙi ivevi PvGli A¯¦fzÆî×| evwK 1.4 wgwjqb ˆnÙi f„wgmsiwÞZ
ebvçGji A¯¦fzÆî×, ˆhLvGb ˆkÉYxwenxb eb iGqGQ| eÅemvwqK KvGR eÅen…Z cvnvwo
g†wîKvi Dci R¯ÃvGbv ebe†GÞi cÉRvwZàGjv nGjv MRvix, avwKRvg, PÁ·v, KoB,
ˆZjmyi, Rvi‚j, K`g, wkgyj, eGniv, Pvcvwjk, euvk BZÅvw`| AwaK MfxiZv
mÁ·®² g†wîKv ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe wbPz XvGj AewÕ©Z ‰es cvnvGoi ‰ wbPz ‰jvKv
dGji MvQ, D`Åvb kmÅ cÉRvwZ R¯ÃvGbvi RbÅ AwaK mÁ¿vebvgq ‰es cvnvGoi cv`G`kxq
g†wîKvGK iµ¦vwbgyLx ŠRe K‡wl ‰es Kjv I Avbvim PvGli RbÅ eÅenvi Kiv ˆhGZ
cvGi| `yMÆg ‰jvKvi DuPz cvnvwo g†wîKv ‰es D-ˆkÉYxi Xvj msewjZ f„wgGK
wbq¯¨Yvaxb cÉvK‡wZK eGbi RbÅ ˆiGL ˆ`IqvB mGeÆvîg f„wg eÅenvi|
emZevwo
I mvgvwRK eb evsjvG`Gk
ˆgvU 2.1 wgwjqb ˆnÙi ‰jvKvGZ gvbyl D«¿vweZ g†wîKv (anthropogenic
soils) we`Ågvb| ‰me g†wîKvi gGaÅ gvbyGli ŠZwi f„wg (0.1 wgwjqb
ˆnÙi) I wewea f„wg (2.0 wgwjqb ˆnÙi) A¯¦fzÆî×| wewea f„wgi gGaÅ cÉvq
200,000 wKGjvwgUvi moK, 7000 wKGjvwgUvi b`xi euva ‰es 6000 wKGjvwgUvi
DcK„jxq euva A¯¦fzÆî×| ‰Qvov AmsLÅ ˆmP I wbÓ•vkb Lvj iGqGQ| LvG`i cvGo
wewÞµ¦fvGe MvQ jvMvGbv nGqGQ| gvbyGli ŠZwi f„wgi cÉvq 0.30 wgwjqb ˆnÙi
eZÆgvGb mvgvwRK eGbi AvIZvaxb|
gvbyGli
ŠZwi g†wîKv ‰es wewea f„wg mKj cÉKvi f„-ˆfŒZ Drm eÕ§i BDwbGU we`Ågvb|
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