ebdzj Pvl ev hð Qvov ˆeGo IVv mcyÓ·K Dw«¿`| AvR chƯ¦ c†w^exGZ kbvî×K‡Z
‰ aiGbi Dw«¿G`i cÉRvwZi msLÅv cÉvq 3 jÞ, hw`I eü nvRvi cÉRvwZi eYÆbv
‰LbI nq wb| ‰àwji gGaÅ gvò 1,500 cÉRvwZi (cÉvq 0.5%) Lv`Å, c÷Lv`Å, Auvk,
cvbxq, KvV, Jla I dzGji RbÅ Pvl nq| evwK meB ebÅ| wecyj msLÅK eyGbv
Dw«¿` c†w^exi cwiGek myiÞvq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi ‰es cÉGqvRbxq
AwÝGRb ˆhvMvq| ‰àwj AbÅZg aviK kwî×I, wK¯§ gvbyl ævZmvGi ev AævZmvGi
cÉvGYi ‰B bxie AvkÉqGK a»sm KGi PGjGQ| mg†«¬ ˆgŒmywgeb, e†Þeb, ‰gbwK
emZevwoi MvQMvQvwjI gvbyGli nvGZ AvR wec®²| a»sGmi ‰B nvi gvivñK cÉwZ
wgwbGU cÉvq 40 ˆnÙi| dGj mÁ¿veÅ RxebiÞK AGbK Dw«¿` cÉRvwZ Lye `Ë‚Z wbwøn×
nGq hvGœQ|
AGbK
Dw«¿` n…`GivM, ˆccwUK Avjmvi ‰es dzmdzm, wKWwb I AíGKvGli KÅvbmvi wPwKrmvq
‰gbwK MfÆGivaK Jla wnGmGeI eÅen…Z nq| ‰ chƯ¦ gvò 5,000 cÉRvwZi MvQMvQovi
ˆflRàY h^vh^fvGe cixwÞZ nGqGQ| ævGbi ‰B wekvj fvívi I mÁ¿veÅ Ilyaàwj
‰Lb ügwKi mÁÃyLxb| aviYv Kiv nq mevi AjGÞÅ eü cÉRvwZi Dw«¿` ò×Gg ˆjvc
cvGœQ|
evsjvG`k,
cƒeÆ-fviZ I gvqvbgvGii ‰B AçjwU ebR Dw«¿`mg†«¬| evsjvG`k nGjv weLÅvZ
i‚k Dw«¿`we` fÅvwejf Kw^Z PvGli dmGji BG±`v-evgÆv Drm ˆK±`Ê| ‰LvbKvi
Dw«¿` mgxÞvi BwZnvm LyeB cÉvPxb| wLËÓ¡cƒeÆ cçg kZGK iwPZ PiKmswnZv
ˆflR Dw«¿` I mswkÏÓ¡ ævGbi ‰K AgƒjÅ AvKiMɯ©|
AvVvGiv
kZGKi w«¼ZxqvGaÆ ‰LvbKvi Dw«¿`KzGji ŠeævwbK mgxÞv ÷i‚ nGqwQj| ‰GÞGò
AMÉMYÅG`i gGaÅ DBwjqg iÝevMÆ, bÅv^vwbGqj IqvwjP, DBwjqg wMÉwd^ I ˆR.wW
üKvi mweGkl ÕÃiYxq| üKvi wjwLZ mvZ LGíi Flora of
British
India
(1872-1897), ˆWwfW ˆcÉBGbi `yB LGíi Bengal
Plants
I Flora of
Sundribuns
(1903) ‰es Kvjxc` wek¼vGmi Qq LGíi fviZxq eGbŒlwa mnvqK Mɯ©
wnGmGe LyeB ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| mîi `kGKi ˆMvovi w`GK cÉwZwÓ¤Z evsjvG`k bÅvkbvj
nvGeÆwiqvg mvivG`k ˆ^GK wecyjmsLÅK Dw«¿` bgybv msMÉn KGiGQ|
evsjvG`Gki
kbvî×K‡Z (cÉvq 5,000 mcyÓ·K Dw«¿`) I AwPwn×Z Dw«¿G`i AwaKvskB eyGbv
cÉRvwZi| ‰àwji 210 cÉRvwZ eZÆgvGb Pvlvaxb| eb-Dw«¿` AvGQ µÏvebf„wg,
DcK„jxq gÅvbGMÉvf eb, cƒeÆvçjxq cvnvo, wUjvf„wg I weÕ¦xYÆ Rjvf„wgGZ|
elÆvi e†wÓ¡, AwaK Zvcgvòv I Av`ËÆZv, ebÅv I ÷Ó• kxZKvj ebR Dw«¿` e†w«¬i
cÉavb KviY| cwiGeGki ŠewPòÅ weeZÆGbi mnvqK, ˆhRbÅ ‰B AçGj wewf®² cÉRvwZi
Dw«¿G`i ‰gb mg†«¬ mgvGek ˆ`Lv hvq|
AbÅvbÅ
MÉxÓÃgíjxq ˆ`Gki gGZv AvgvG`i ebvçjàwjI AvR wejywµ¦i mÁÃyLxb| weÕ¦xYÆ Rjvf„wgi evÕ§msÕ©vb ‰Lb wec®²| wecyj
RbmsLÅvi PvGc emwZi `Ë‚Z weÕ¦vi NUGQ| Ddkxi ZvwMG` dmGji wecyj msLÅK
Õ©vbxq Avevw` RvZ (cultivar) mxwgZ nGq coGQ| ‰B aiGbi nÕ¦GÞGci `i‚b ˆMvUv
Dw«¿`Kzj Jlwa, àÍÂ, jZv I e†Þ meB wec®²| ebdzGjiv mvaviYZ 5 eMÆfzî×:
1. µÏvebf„wg I K‡wlGÞGZi Dw«¿`Kzj; 2. c^cvk I emZevwoi AvwObvi Dw«¿`Kzj;
3. cvnvo I eGbi Dw«¿`Kzj; 4. Õ¼v`ycvwbi Rjvf„wgi Dw«¿`Kzj ‰es 5. DcK„jxq
Dw«¿`Kzj| AekÅ ‰B Dw«¿`KzGji ˆKvb mywbw`ÆÓ¡ wefvRb ˆiLv ˆbB| AGbKàwj
cÉRvwZB eü`ƒi weÕ¦‡Z ‰es bvbv evÕ§msÕ©vGb AwfGhvwRZ| cÉwZwU evÕ§msÕ©vGbi
Dw«¿`eGMÆi mswÞµ¦ eYÆbv wbGP DGÍÏL Kiv nGjv|
µÏvebf„wg
I K‡wlGÞGZi Dw«¿`Kzj Dw«¿`KzGji
‰B AvevmÕ©jwU ˆ`Gki cÉvq meÆò weÕ¦‡Z| cÉwZeQi elÆvKvGj AGbKUv RvqMv
1-3 gvm chƯ¦ µÏvweZ ^vGK| ‰B AvevmÕ©Gj AekÅ DuPz avbGÞZI
AvGQ| elÆvKvGj ‰me Rwg µÏvweZ bv nGjI RyjvB-ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i chƯ¦ Av`ËÆ ^vGK|
eQGii evwK mgq ‰B AçGj cÉPzi Av`ËÆZv ^vKvq chÆvµ¦ eyGbv MvQMvQov MRvq|
‰LvbKvi gvwUI hG^Ó¡ DeÆi| dGj, ‰jvKvwU bvbv RvGZi ˆgŒmywg Nvm I AvMvQvi
AZÅwaK e†w«¬i Av`kÆ evÕ§f„wg nGq IGV ‰es ˆmLvGb R¯Ãvq Cyperaceae, Commelinaceae,
Amarantaceae,
Araceae,
Compositae,
Labiatae,
I Scrophulariaceae
ˆMvGòi cÉRvwZiv| ‰àwjiB DGÍÏLGhvMÅ KGqKwU nGjv KzGjKvov (Hygrophila
auriculata),
ˆQvU ˆgviMdzj (Gomphrena
celosioides),
ˆXvjcvZv (Commelina
benghalensis),
SziSzwi (Serratula
pallida),
Kvk (Saccharum
spontaneum),
ˆkqvjKuvUv (Argemone
mexicana)
BZÅvw`|
c^cvk
I evmZevwoi AvkcvGki Dw«¿`Kzj ‰B RvqMvàwj mPivPi Õ¼vfvweK ebÅvi cvwbi bvMvGji evBGi ^vGK| ‰àwj
cÉavbZ µÏvebf„wg I DuPz avbGÞGZi ‰jvKvqB AewÕ©Z| elÆKvGj cÉvq 5 gvm
(ˆg-ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i) ‰me Rwg Av`ÆË ^vGK Avi eQGii evwK gvmàwj ^vGK ÷Ó•| ‰LvGb
‰gb me cÉRvwZi MvQMvQov ˆ`Lv hvq ˆhàwj gvò 200 MR `ƒGii µÏvebf„wgGZ
^vGK bv| ‰B ebÅ Dw«¿`KzGji AvGiKwU jÞYxq ŠewkÓ¡Å jZvàÍ I Jlwai ŠewPòÅ|
gvbyGli nÕ¦GÞGci cÉKU cÉfve mGî½I ‰LvGb bvbv RvGZi eyGbv MvQMvQov cÉPzi
RG¯Ã| ‰àwji gGaÅ AvGQ: evmK (Adhatoda
vasica),
mcÆM®¬v (Rauwolfia
serpentina),
AvK±` (Calotropis
gigantea),
wePzwU (Tragia
involucrata),
ˆMveyiv (Anisomeles
indica),
PvKz±`v (Cassia
tora),
evejv (Acacia
nilotica),
Rsjx kY (Crotalaria mucronata),
wcZivR (Aphanamixis
polystachya),
ˆWDqv (Artocarpus
lacucha),
K`g (Anthocephalus
chinensis)
‰es ˆeZ (Calamus viminalis)|
|
|
|
evejv |
gyiZv/cvwUGeZ |
PvKz±`v |
|
|
|
ˆWDqv |
ˆMveyiv |
bxjjZv |
|
|
|
RjKjwg |
ˆkvjv |
eobLv |
|
|
|
Rjawbqv |
nvoMRv |
mvMi wbwk±`v |
|
|
|
eb kY |
ˆfvjv |
mvMi Kjwg |
| |
|
|
eb
I cvnvGoi Dw«¿`Kzj ‰B
AvevmÕ©Gj AvGQ D¯Ãyî×, wgkÉ I msiwÞZ eb ‰es cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg I e†nîi wmGjGUi
Pv evMvb ‰jvKv| ‰LvbKvi cÉavb Dw«¿`eMÆ nGjv e†Þ, jZv-àÍÂ, DuPz Nvm I
Jlwa| ‰me MvQcvjv, weGklZ Õ©vbxq e†Þ, ˆgvUvGmvUv jZv I K±`R Jlwa AbÅvbÅ
AçGji ‰i…c cÉRvwZ ˆ^GK AGbKUvB c†^K| eÅemvwqK gƒjÅ bv ^vKvq ‰es `yMÆg
AçGj AeÕ©vGbi `i‚b ‰B cÉRvwZàwji wmsnfvMB mivmwi gvbyGli nÕ¦GÞc ‰ovGZ
cvGi| Zey wbeÆbvqb I f„wgÞGqi dGj AGbKàwj cÉRvwZB ‰Lb wejywµ¦i mÁÃyLxb|
‰i gGaÅ iGqGQ bxj-jZv (Thunbergia
grandiflora),
wbg-Av`v (Buddleia
asiatica),
MvBQv jZv (Calycopteris floribanda),
mv`v Kjwg (Merrmia umbellata),
cvnvwo Kvk (Saccharum arundinaceum),
ˆjUKuvUv (Caesalpinia
crista),
ˆWwik KiB (Derris robusta),
ebKjv (Musa
ornata)
‰es Ochidaceae
I Zinziberaceae
ˆMvGòi eü cÉRvwZ| ‰QvovI ‰B AçGj eb I cvnvwo cÉRvwZi DGÍÏLGhvMÅ ebdzj:
bxj-jZv (Thunbergia
grandiflora),
ebbvivãv (Gelonium
multiflorum),
Dqvs wbIb-MvB (Aeschynanthus
micrantha),
KzKiv (Leea
alata),
ˆXvjmgy`Ë (Leea
macrophylla),
njG` dzj (Crotolaria anagyroids),
`uvZivãv/myUwK (Melastoma
malabathricum),
LiLiv Rvg (Syzygium wallichii),
Nvmdzj (Arundina
graminifolia),
bvMeÍÏx (Mussaenda
glabrata),
ev±`iüjv/ivgWvjy (Duabanga
grandiflora),
gvKwi kvj (Schima wallichii),
kvwV (Curcuma
zeoderia)
‰es ebAv`v (Zingiber
spectabile)|
Õ¼v`ycvwbi
Rjvf„wgi Dw«¿`Kzj evsjvG`Gki
eü RvqMvq Õ¼v`ycvwbi AGbKàwj e†nr Rjvf„wg QwoGq iGqGQ| ‰àwji ˆewki fvMB
AMfxi ‰es ZvGZ eü RjR Dw«¿` cÉRvwZ RG¯Ã| b`x I e†wÓ¡i cvwbGZ m†Ó¡ ‰me
Õ©vqx RjvkGqi gGaÅ AvGQ bjLvMovi eb, wej, Lvj I cyKzi| ‰LvbKvi RjR Dw«¿`Kzj
AGbK eQi wbweÆN³ wQj, wK¯§ mÁ·ÉwZ ˆmPKvGhÆ cvwb eÅenvi ‰es gvQ I nuvm
PvGli dGj ‰me Dw«¿`KzGj wechÆq ˆ`Lv w`GqGQ| evsjvG`Gki RvZxq dzj mv`v
kvcjvmn ‰Lb eü RjR cÉRvwZB wec®², ˆhgb ˆQvUKzU (Sagittaria
sagittifolia),
wnRj (Barringtonia
acutangula),
ˆnGjçv (Enhydra flactuans),
Puv`gvjv (Nymphoides indicum),
kvcjv (Nymphaea nouchali),
cvwUGeZ/gyZÆv (Clinogyne
dichotoma),
cvwbKvci (Limnophila sessiliflora)
‰es KPzwicvbv I fvmgvb RjR Dw«¿G`i wKQy cÉRvwZ| Õ¼v`ycvwbGZ AviI AvGQ
Kjwg (Ipomoea
aquatica),
ˆkvjv (Aeschynomene
indica),
iî×Kgj (Nymphaea
rubra),
KPzwicvbv (Eichhornia
crassipes),
eobLv (Monochoria
hastata)
‰es Rjawbqv (Ranunculus
sceleratus)|
DcK„jxq
AçGji Dw«¿`Kzj ˆ`Gki
`wÞGYi DcK„j, ˆRvqviGaŒZ mgZj I my±`ieGbi gÅvbGMÉvf eb wbGq ‰B AvevmÕ©j
MwVZ| ‰LvbKvi Dw«¿`KzGji AwaKvskB jeYmwnúz ev jeYwbfÆi| ˆgvnbvi MvQcvjvi
ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆ`Gki AbÅvbÅ AçGji Zzjbvq ‰Kv¯¦fvGe ˆ`kxq| ˆWwfW ˆcÉBGbi gGZ
‰wU cvwbi jeYvî×Zv I gvwUGZ ˆRvqvifvUvi cÉfvGeiB dj| gÅvbGMÉvf MvQMvQvwj
QvovI `ywU hƒ^e«¬ cvg cÉRvwZ AvGQ b`xZxi I Rjvf„wgi cvGki ˆMvjcvZv (Nipa fruticans)
‰es AGcÞvK‡Z ÷KGbv RvqMvq ˆn¯¦vj (Phoenix
paludosa)|
mÁ·ÉwZ ‰LvGbI gvbyGli nÕ¦GÞc eÅvcK AvKvi aviY KGiGQ ‰es wPswoPvl I AbÅvbÅ
evwYwRÅK KgÆKví DcK„jxq Dw«¿` I cÉvwYKzGji Dci wei…c cÉfve ˆdjGQ| bZzb
evwm±`viv bZzb cÉRvwZi MvQcvjv jvMvGœQ| ‰LvbKvi Õ¼vfvweK cÉRvwZi gGaÅ
DGÍÏLGhvMÅ nvoMRv (Acanthus
ilicifolius),
mgyóyi jveywb (Sesuvium portulacastrum),
wc´£vwi (Crinum asiaticum),
cikwccyj (Thespesia populnea),
ˆevjv (Hisbiscus
titiaceus),
ˆKqv (Pandanus
odoratissimus),
mvMi wbwk±`v (Vitex trifolia)
I bvbv cÉRvwZi gÅvbGMÉvf| wKQy DcK„jxq cÉRvwZi gGaÅ iGqGQ QvMjNywi (Ipomoea
pes-caprae),
mvMi Kjwg (Ipomoea illustris)
I eb kY (Crotalaria retusa)| [bIqvGRk Avng`]
AviI
ˆ`Lyb Dw«¿`Kzj ;
Jlwa jZvàÍ ; àÍ |
