eb I ebweævb (Forest and Forestry) chÆvµ¦ RxevkÄ Z^Å cvIqv bv ˆMGjI wewf®² mgxÞvq ˆ`Lv
hvq ˆh, Uviwkqvwi hyGM
(Tertiary period:
2.6-6.6 ˆKvwU eQi) evsjvG`Gki AskweGkGl weÕ¦‡Z
MÉxÓÃgíjxq AiYÅ wQj| wbKUeZÆx AçGj gvGqvwmb Õ¦Gi cÉvµ¦ Glutaxylon, Dipetrocarpoxylon,
Cynometroxylon
RxevkÄmgƒGni mGã MÉxÓÃgíjxq AçGj eZÆgvGb we`Ågvb cÉRvwZàwji myÕ·Ó¡ mv`†kÅ
iGqGQ| evsjvG`Gki wbKUeZÆx ‰jvKv ˆ^GKI ൦exR Dw«¿G`i ˆek wKQy RxevkÄ
AvweÓ•‡Z nGqGQ| Uviwkqvwi hyGMi ci AvGm wnghyM
(Glacialion period),
Avi ˆmUv PGjGQ wµÏmGUvwmb hyGMI
(Pleistocene period),
hvi ÷i‚ ‰Lb ˆ^GK cÉvq 10 jÞ eQi AvGM Avi ˆkl 25,000 wLËÓ¡cƒeÆvGõ| ‰B
chÆvGq gvGS gvGS D«¿e nq Av¯¦twnghyGMi
(Interglacial period)
hLb Rjevqyi ŠkZÅ nËvm cvq| Zvcgvòv nËvm cvIqvq AwaKvsk Õ¦bÅcvqx Aejyµ¦
nq ‰es Uviwkqvwi I wmIqvwjK
(Siwalik) hyGMi Dw«¿`KzGji eÅvcK ÞwZ
nq|
cÉvPxbKvGj gvbyl cÉPzi KvV
eÅenvi KiZ| evsjvG`Gki ebmÁ·` mÁ·wKÆZ ˆm mgGqi ˆKvb Z^Å cvIqv hvq bv|
cÉvq 2000 wLËÓ¡cƒeÆvGõ `Ëvweo mfÅZvi weKvk mÁ·GKÆ cÉgvY cvIqv hvq| ‰B
mfÅZvi weKvGk AiYÅ ‰KwU weivU f„wgKv cvjb KGi| ˆMvovi w`GK AvhÆiv c÷cvjb
KiZ ‰es cGi K‡wlGZ AvMÉnx nq| Zviv emwZ wbgÆvGYi RbÅ wbw`ÆÓ¡ ‰jvKvi
eb cwiÓ•vi KiZ ‰es AiYÅ ˆNiv cwiGeGk wewf®² wk͸ cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo ZzjZ|
ˆe` , eËvþY, AiYÅK I cyivYmgƒn ‰B DcgnvG`Gki ZrKvjxb eb I ebvqb
mÁ·GKÆ wKQy wKQy AvGjvKcvZ KGi| eGbi AeÕ©vb I MVb mÁ·GKÆ Z^Åvw` cvIqv
hvq Šew`K Dîi hyGMi `ywU mvwnZÅKgÆ, ivgvqY I gnvfviZ
ˆ^GK| ‰àwjGZ evsjvG`GkiI mvaviY ebe†Þ kvjMvQ (Shorea robusta), avIqv (Anogeissus latifolia), ˆej (Aegle marmelos), wKs÷K (Butea monosperma) cÉf‡wZi DGÍÏL iGqGQ| gnvKvGeÅ
AviI DGÍÏL iGqGQ ˆh, Mãv b`xi ZxGi Mfxi eb wQj, wK¯§ ˆm eYÆbv ˆ^GK eGbi
mwVK AeÕ©vb mÁ·GKÆ wbwøZ nIqv KwVb|
cieZÆx weGePÅ hyM nGjv wMÉKG`i
AvMgb I ˆgŒhÆkvmb Avgj| ˆgMvwÕ©wbm ZrKvGji eYÆbvq wjGLGQb: ‘dj I e†ÞGkvwfZ
AGbKàwj myDœP ceÆZ ‰es AGbKUv my`†kÅ AZů¦ DeÆi wekvj mgZj f„wg, hv
AmsLÅ b`-b`x «¼viv wewœQ®²|’ mgËvU AvGkvK eb I ebÅcÉvYx Lye fvjevmGZb
‰es wZwb eb msiÞGYi eÅeÕ©vI KGib| wnDGqb-mvs (Hinen Tsang) 629-645 wLËÓ¡vGõ fviZ ögGY AvGmb| Zuvi ÕÆwZK^vq ZLbKvi
ebmgƒGni AeÕ©vb mÁ·GKÆ weÕ¦vwiZ Z^Å cvIqv hvq| wZwb kÉveÕ¦x, KwcjveÕ§
I ivgMÉvgmn wbKUeZÆx AçGj Mfxi eGbi K^v DGÍÏL KGiGQb| wZwb ivgMÉvg ˆ^GK
Dîi-cƒeÆ w`GK AMÉmi nb weLÅvZ ‰K AiYÅ cG^, hv wQj AcÉkÕ¦ I AZů¦ wec`msKzj|
AiYÅ ˆ^GK ˆewiGq wZwb K‡úMo bvgK ˆ`Gk ˆcuŒQvb| ‰B weLÅvZ chÆUK cyb-bv-dv-Zvb
(PUN-NA-FA-TAN) ev cyíËeaÆb (KvwbsnvGgi gGZ
cvebv ‰es dviàmGbi gGZ iscyi) AwZò×g KGib| wZwb DGÍÏL KGiGQb ˆh, cyíËeaÆb
wQj ‰KwU wbÁ²vçjxq ˆ`k| ˆmLvbKvi f„wg wQj Av`ËÆ, DeÆi I mg†«¬; ˆmLvGb
wQj cÉPzi KuvVvj MvQ| AZtci wnDGqb-mvs mgZGU A^Ævr eZÆgvb e†nîi hGkvi,
XvKv I dwi`cyi AçGj ˆcuŒQvb ‰es ‰LvbKvi f„wg wbÁ², Av`ËÆ Rjevqy ‰es
chÆvµ¦ MvQcvjv I wnsmË RxeR¯§i K^v DGÍÏL KGib|
gyMj mgËvUG`i AvgGj K‡wlKvGRi
RbÅ ebvçj AvevG` Drmvn ˆ`Iqv nGZv| evei Zuvi w`bwjwcGZ eYÆbv w`GqGQb
ˆh, DwolÅvi 5wUmn myGe-evsjvi 24wU miKvi wQj| mÅvi ˆR.‰b. miKvi cÉYxZ
ZvwjKvq AvKeGii mgqKvi myGe evsjvq 16wU miKvi ‰es weËwUk AvgGji ˆklfvGMi
evsjvq ˆRjvi msLÅv cÉvq mgvb eGj DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ| eZÆgvb evsjvG`k f„LGí
‰me myevi ˆhàwj AewÕ©Z ˆmàwj nGjv Rv®²vZvev`- gvj`Gni Ask hv ‰Lb beveMé
bvGg cwiwPZ; dGZnvev`- dwi`cyi, `wÞY evGLiMé ‰es Mãv b`xi ˆgvnbvq AewÕ©Z
«¼xcvçj; gvngy`vev`- Dîi b`xqv, Dîi hGkvi I cwøg dwi`cyi; wLjv dGZnvev`-
`wÞY hGkvi I cwøg evGLiMé; evKjv- Dîi I cƒeÆ evGLiMé ‰es `wÞY I cwøg
XvKv; ˆNvovNvU- `wÞY iscyi, `wÞY-cƒeÆ w`bvRcyi I Dîi eàov, wcwéiv- w`bvRcyi
‰es iscyi I ivRkvnxi AskweGkl; evievKvev`- cÉavbZ ivRkvnx, `wÞY-cwøg
eàov I `wÞY-cƒeÆ gvj`n; evRynv- ivRkvnxi Ask, eàov cvebv I XvKvi AskweGkl;
ˆmvbviMuvI- cwøg wòcyiv I ˆbvqvLvjx|
Aveyj dRj Rv®²vZvev`, Lwjdvev`
I evRynvq AewÕ©Z eGbi K^v DGÍÏL KGiGQb| LwjdvevG` cÉPzi eyGbvnvwZ ‰es
evRynvq gvÕ§j ŠZwii RbÅ jÁ¼v I cyi‚ KvV cvIqv ˆhZ eGj DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ|
Rv®²vZvevG`i weÕ¦‡Z Z‡Y f„wgGZ eyGbv gwnl PGi ˆeovGZv| ‰B eYÆbv Abyhvqx
eZÆgvb my±`ieb DîGi AviI mÁcÉmvwiZ nGq Dîi b`xqv I Dîi hGkvi chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z
wQj ‰es ˆmLvGb cvIqv ˆhZ Kzwgi Avi evN|
eb mÁ·GKÆ gyMjiv wQj AGbKUv
D`vmxb| Zviv ebGK cÉavbZ msiwÞZ wkKvi f„wg wnGmGe eÅenvi KiZ| D`Åvb
I Qvqvwbweo ivRc^ wbgÆvGY MvQ eÅen…Z nGZv| ˆgvUK^v, MvQ mÁ·GKÆ ZvG`i
gGbvfve wQj ˆmŒ±`hÆGeva cÉfvweZ, ZvGZ msiÞY, weÕ¦vi, D®²qbmn ebvqGbi
mgmÅv mÁ·GKÆ ˆKvb cƒYÆvã `†wÓ¡fwã wQj bv|
gyMj AvgGji ˆkGl AvGm BÕ¡ Bw´£qv
ˆKvÁ·vwb ‰es cGi weËwUk kvmb| ˆMvovi w`GK, A^Ævr AÓ¡v`k ˆ^GK Ebwesk
kZvõxi gvSvgvwS chƯ¦ RvnvR wbgÆvY I ˆiGji wÕÏcvi ŠZwii RbÅ eÅvcK cwimGi
eb eÅenvi ÷i‚ nq ‰es ‰ mgq eb msiÞGYi ˆKvb cÉGPÓ¡v wQj bv| cÉ^g eb iÞvi
DG`ÅvM ˆbIqv nq `wÞY fviGZ| fviGZi ZrKvjxb eojvU jWÆ WvjGnŒmx 1855 mvGji
3 AvMÕ¡ ‰K wee†wZ cÉKvk KGib hvGZ cÉ^gevGii gGZv mgMÉ fviZeGlÆ eb msiÞGYi
‰KwU i…cGiLv wQj| Õ¡Åvwes
(Stabbing) ‰UvGK ‘fviZxq ebmÁ·G`i mb`’
wnGmGe AwfwnZ KGib| eËvbwWm 1856 mvGj gnvebcwi`kÆK wbhyî× nb| weËwUk
fviGZ meÆcÉ^g eb wefvM cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv nq 1864 mvGji 1 bGfÁ¼i|
eËvbwWGmi AaxGb ‰es mnKvix
wnGmGe ˆKÑGNviv’i
(Cleghora) mnvqZvq fviGZ cÉ^g weævbmÁÃZ
eb eÅeÕ©vcbvi mƒPbv nq| 1865 mvGj fviZxq eb AvBb cvk ‰es 1869 mvGj dGiÕ¡
mvwfÆm MwVZ nq| ejv hvq ˆh, 1870 mvj bvMv` eËvbwWm eb wefvGMi wfwî Õ©vcb
KGib| ‰KwU wbqwgZ dGiÕ¡ mvwfÆm Pvjy nq ‰es 1871-1900 mvGji gGaÅ ebwe`Åv
mywbw`ÆÓ¡ AMÉMwZ ARÆb KGi| AZtci eGbi mxgvbv wbaÆviY ‰es 1878 mvGj eb
AvBb (Act VII, 1878) msGkvab Kiv nq| dGiÕ¡ mvwfÆGmi
wbeÆvnx I wbq¯¨Y kvLvq wbGqvGMi RbÅ 1871 ˆ^GK 1900 mvGji KvwiMwi wkÞv
I KgÆx cÉwkÞGYi DG`ÅvM MÉnY Kiv nq| cÉ^g eb we`Åvjq Õ©vwcZ nq 1878 mvGj
Dîi fviGZi ˆ`iv`yb knGi| 1906 mvGj jWÆ KvRÆb ˆ`iv`yGb BwÁ·wiqvj dGiÕ¡
wimvPÆ BbwÕ¡wUDU Õ©vcb KGib|
cÉ^g wek¼hy«¬ (1914-18) ‰es
fviZxq Õ¼kvmb
(Home
Rule) I AmnGhvM AvG±`vjb ebvçGji
Ici hG^Ó¡ cÉfve ˆdGj| ‰B mgq eGbi ÞwZmvab ‰es eb AvBb j›NGbi dGj wecyj
cwigvY ebmÁ·` a»sm nq| 1919 mvGj weGK±`ÊxKiY mÁ·wKÆZ ivRKxq Kwgkb gnvebcwi`kÆGKi
wbKU ˆ^GK KgÆ cwiK͸bv cÉÕ§GZi civgkÆ cÉZÅvnvGii wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq ‰es 1921
mvGj eb cÉkvmb cÉG`Gki wbKU nÕ¦v¯¦wiZ nq| 1926 mvGj fviZ miKvi gnvebcwi`kÆGKi
c` I eb MGelYv BbwÕ¡wUDGUi ˆcÉwmGWG´Ÿi c` ‰KwòZ KGi| ò×gv¯¼Gq cÉG`kàwji
cÉavb eb msiÞKMY wbR cÉvG`wkK cÉkvmKG`i wbKU `vqe«¬ ˆ^GK Õ¼xq Awa`µ¦Gii
Õ¼Z¯¨ cÉavb nb|
gnvebcwi`kÆK eËvbwWm 1862 mvGj
ZrKvjxb evsjvi KwZcq eb cwi`kÆb KGib| KjKvZv ˆevUvwbK MvGWÆGbi mycvwibGUbGW´Ÿ
‰g.wU AÅv´£vimb 1864 mvGj Avmvg I evsjv cÉG`Gki AÕ©vqx eb msiÞK cG`
wbhyî× nIqvi ciB ‰B AçGj ebmsiÞGYi cÉ^g c`GÞGci mƒPbv nq| 1865 mvGj
eb msiÞGKi Awdm KjKvZvq Õ©vwcZ nq| ÷i‚GZ wmwKg, fzUvb I Avmvg ‰B wZb
Õ©vGb wZbwU eb wefvM Õ©vcGbi cÉÕ¦ve ^vKGjI gvò ‰KwU AbyGgv`b jvf KGi|
1865 mvGj wmbGKvbv PvGli `vwqZ½cÉvµ¦ mnKvix ebmsiÞK gÅvb
(Mann)-‰i ˆbZ‡GZ½ wmwKg wefvM Õ©vwcZ
nq| AÅv´£vimb cwiPvwjZ cÉv^wgK RwiGci Ici wfwî KGi ebvçj msiÞGYi eÅeÕ©v
cvKv nq| `vwRÆwjs ebvçGj 1866 mvGj eb msiÞGYi ˆbvwUm Rvwi Kiv nq| 1870
mvj bvMv` `vwRÆwjs, RjcvBàwo, Kvwjgcs I evKmvGi (Buxa)
msiwÞZ eGbi Rwic I mxgvbv wbaÆviGYi KvR mÁ·ƒYÆ nq|
1879 mvGj my±`ieGbi 4856 eMÆ
wKGjvwgUvi (1875 eMÆ gvBj) ‰jvKvGK msiwÞZ eb wnGmGe ˆNvlYv Kiv nq ‰es
1893 mvGj wnwbs (Heining) my±`ieGbi KgÆcwiK͸bv cÉÕ§Z
KGib| 1880 mvGj cÉ^gevGii gGZv ‰LvGb àwjGQuvov, wkKvi I gvQ aivi Ici
wbGlavæv KvhÆKi Kiv nq| AÅv´£vimb c`ZÅvM Kivi ci 1867 mvGj wjWm (Leeds) eb msiÞK wnGmGe ˆhvM`vb KGib| 1872 mvGj W.
wmwjP (Dr Schlich) eb msiÞK wnGmGe ˆhvM`vGbi
ci wbÁ²ewYÆZ 5wU eb wefvM cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq: 1. KzPwenvi wefvM KzPwenvi KwgkbviwkGci
mxgvbv wbGq MwVZ (ebcvj, eb KgÆKZÆv wQGjb ebmsiÞGKi Aaxb); XvKv wefvM
(wmGjU I KvQvi) ebcvj wQGjb ebmsiÞGKi Aaxb; Avmvg wefvM Avmvg KwgkbviwkGci
mxgvbv wbGq MwVZ (ebcvj KwgkbvGii Aaxb ^vKGjI cwi`kÆb I wnmve wbq¯¨Y
wQj ebmsiÞGKi ‰LwZqvGi); PëMÉvg wefvM PëMÉvGgi KwgkbviwkGci mxgvbv wbGq
MwVZ| Kwgkbvi wQGjb ebmsiÞK| civgkÆ`vb Qvov evsjvi ebmsiÞGKi ˆKvb ‰LwZqvi
wQj bv; fvMjcyi wefvM cvUbv, ˆQvUbvMcyi I fvMjcyi wbGq MwVZ|
eb mÁ·wKÆZ cÉwkÞGYi RbÅ 1907
mvGj KzmÆGOi WvIwnGj ‰KwU ebwe`Åvjq Õ©vwcZ nq ‰es 1924 mvGj ‰KRb eb
weGklæ ˆmLvGb wbGqvM jvf KGib| 1931 mvGj eb eÅenvi KgÆKZÆvi (Forest Utilization Officer) ‰KwU c` m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq| 1925
mvGj B.I ˆkevGi (EO Shebbare) ˆemiKvwi eGbi eÅvcvGi c«¬wZMZ
Abym®¬vb ÷i‚ KGib| 1919-20 mvGj KÝevRvi wefvM MwVZ nGjI XvKv-gqgbwmsn
wefvM MwVZ nq 1925-26 mvGj| 1927 mvGj ˆeãj dGiÕ¡ mvGKÆj wefî× nGq Dîi
I `wÞY mvGKÆj MwVZ nq| ‰KB eQi 1878 mvGji eb AvBb (Act VII, 1878) msGkvab ‰es 1927 mvGji eb AvBb KvhÆKi Kiv nq| my±`ieb,
PëMÉvg cveÆZÅ ‰jvKv, KÝevRvi I XvKv-gqgbwmsn wbGq MwVZ nq `wÞY mvGKÆj,
hv ‰Lb evsjvG`Gki Ask| mgMÉ Dîi mvGKÆjwU cGoGQ fviGZi cwøgeGã| 1947
mvGji 14 AvMÕ¡ eãG`k cwøgeã I cƒeÆ evsjvq (cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb) wefî× nGq
hvq| `wÞY mvGKÆGji eb wefvM (PëMÉvg, cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg, XvKv-gqgbwmsn I
Lyjbv ˆRjvaxb my±`ieb) cƒeÆ evsjvi ebvçjfzî× nq| AvmvGgi wmGjU wefvMI
cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi A¯¦fzÆî× nq|
‰KRb ebmsiÞGKi ˆbZ‡GZ½ cƒeÆ
cvwKÕ¦vGbi eb cÉkvmb MVb Kiv nq| cieZÆxKvGj cÉ^Gg `ywU ‰es cGi wZbwU
eb mvGKÆj cƒeÆ mvGKÆj, cwøg mvGKÆj I D®²qb mvGKÆj MwVZ nq| PëMÉvg,
KÝevRvi, cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg I wmGjU cƒeÆ mvGKÆGj ˆ^GK hvq| my±`ieb, XvKv
I gqgbwmsn cGo cwøg mvGKÆGj ‰es KgÆ cwiK͸bv I eÅenvi wefvM wbGq MwVZ
nq D®²qb mvGKÆj| ebcvjG`i
(foresters) cÉwkÞGYi RbÅ wmGjGU ‰KwU eb
we`Åvjq Õ©vcb Kiv nq|
1960 mvGj cÉavb ebmsiÞGKi c`
m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq, ‰es dGiÕ¡ ˆiéviG`i cÉwkÞGYi RbÅ PëMÉvGg ‰KwU KGjR Õ©vcb
Kiv nq| eb MGelYv I Ea»ÆZb KgÆKZÆvG`i cÉwkÞY ˆK±`Êxq miKvGii welq wnGmGeB
iGq hvq ‰es Zv gnvebcwi`kÆK KZ‡ÆK ivIqvjwcw´£ (cwøg cvwKÕ¦vb) ˆ^GK wbqw¯¨Z
nGZv| cvwKÕ¦vb miKvi eb MGelYv BbwÕ¡wUDUGK ZrKvjxb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb miKvGii
wbKU nÕ¦v¯¦i KGi ‰es ‰wUGK ‰KwU cƒYÆvã eb MGelYv BbwÕ¡wUDGU i…cv¯¦Gii
RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq A^Æ ˆRvMvq|
1971 mvGj evsjvG`k m†wÓ¡i ci
D«¿„Z ivR‹bwZK cwieZÆb ˆ`Gk ‰KwU bZzb ebbxwZi mƒPbv KGi| 1972 mvGj ‰B
bxwZ MÉnYKG͸ bZzb cÉGPÓ¡v ÷i‚ nq| ‘mKGji RbÅ eb’ ‰B ˆkÏvMvbGK aviYv
KGi msiwÞZ eGbi evBGi e†ÞmÁ·` e†w«¬i Ici AwaK ài‚Z½ cÉ`vb Kiv nq ‰es
cwZZ I cÉvw¯¦K RwgGZ ‰es MÉvGgi eGbev`vGo e†ÞGivcY ˆRvi`vi Kiv nq| Rxe‹ewPòÅ
iÞvi RbÅI eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv nq|
1980 mvj ˆ^GK evsjvG`Gki eGbi
cÉkvmwbK KvVvGgvGZ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ cwieZÆb NGUGQ| mvgvwRK ebvqGb AwaK ài‚Z½
ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es ˆhme ˆRjvq eb ˆbB A^ev Kg iGqGQ ˆmme ˆRjv mvgvwRK ebvqGbi
AvIZvq Avbv nq| iscyi, eàov, KzwÓ¡qv, dwi`cyi I cvebvq bZzb eb wefvM
‰es eàov I hGkvnGi `ywU bZzb mvGKÆj cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv nq| ‰KBfvGe cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGg
e†Þnxb AGkÉYxK‡Z miKvwi eGb MvQ jvMvGbvi RbÅ LvMovQwo, ev±`ievb, Kvµ¦vB
I ivãvgvwUGZ eb wefvM MGo ˆZvjv nGqGQ| m`i `µ¦Gi eb cÉkvmGbi KgÆZrciZvI
e†w«¬ cvq ‰es cÉavb ebmsiÞKGK mnvqZv cÉ`vGbi RbÅ 3wU DccÉavb ebmsiÞGKi
c` m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq| eZÆgvGb 7wU mvGKÆj I 31wU wefvM iGqGQ| mvGKÆjàwji cÉGZÅKwUGZ
‰KRb ebiÞK ‰es wefvMàwjGZ Dc-ebiÞK ghÆv`vi ‰KRb KgÆKZÆv ˆbZ‡Z½ ˆ`b|
‰QvovI RvZxq ˆevUvwbKÅvj MvGWÆb, Kvµ¦vBGqi eb D®²qb I cÉwkÞY ˆK±`Ê ‰es
PëMÉvgÕ© eb gnvwe`ÅvjGq mveÆÞwYK ebmsiÞK wbGqvM Kiv nGqGQ|
[Šmq` mvjvgZ Avjx]
ebf„wgi cÉKviGf` (Forest type) evÕ§msÕ©vwbK ŠewkGÓ¡Åi wfwîGZ
evsjvG`Gki ebf„wg wbGÁ²vî× ˆkÉYxGZ fvM Kiv nGqGQ: ò×v¯¦xq Av`ËÆ wPimeyR,
ò×v¯¦xq Avav-wPimeyR, ò×v¯¦xq Av`ËÆ còGgvPx, ˆRvqviGaŒZ eb I K‡wòg eb|
ò×v¯¦xq Av`ËÆ wPimeyR eb (Troppical wet evergreen forest) mg†«¬
Rxe‹ewPòÅmn ‰LvGb wPimeyR MvQMvQvwji cÉvavbÅ| ‰B eGb wKQyUv AvavwPimeyR
I còGgvPx e†ÞI ^vGK, wK¯§ ZvGZ eGbi wPimeyR cÉK‡wZ e`jvq bv| PëMÉvGgi
cvnvwo Açj, cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg, `wÞY-cƒeÆvçGji KÝevRvi I Dîi-cƒeÆvçGj ˆgŒjfxevRvi
ˆRjvq ‰ aiGbi ebf„wg iGqGQ| e†Þmgƒn 45-62 wgUvi chƯ¦ nGZ cvGi| Av`ËÆ
QvqvXvKv Õ©vGb civkÉqx AwKÆW, dvbÆ I dvbÆRvZxq Dw«¿`, jZv, gm, KPz,
ˆeZ BZÅvw` cÉvq meÆòB RG¯Ã| àÍÂ, exi‚r I Z‡Y Kg, ‰ RvZxq eGb cÉvq 700
cÉRvwZi mcyÓ·K Dw«¿` iGqGQ| KvwjMRÆb, awjMRÆb, wmwfU, ayc, KvgG`e, iî×b,
bviGKwj, Zvjx, Pz±`vj, XvwKRvg BZÅvw` mvaviY wPinwir e†Þ cÉRvwZ ˆhàwj
mGeÆvœP QvDwb
(canopy) m†wÓ¡ KGi| Puvcv, ebwkgyj,
Pvcvwjk, gv`vi BZÅvw` AvavwPinwir I wPinwir e†Þ wewÞµ¦fvGe RG¯Ã| wcZivR,
PvjgyMiv, ˆWdj, bvGMk¼i, KvD, ˆMv`v, Rvg, Wzgyi, KiB, avigviv, Mvgvi,
ˆZRej g`bgvÕ¦v, Avmvi, gym, QvwZg, Zzb, AGkvK, eogvjv, WvKi‚g, eyiv
BZÅvw` w«¼Zxq Õ¦Gii QvDwb m†wÓ¡ KGi| gvGS gvGS
Gnetum
I Podocarpus bvgK
`ywU b™²exRx Dw«¿` ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰ eGb KGqK cÉRvwZi euvkI iGqGQ|
ò×v¯¦xq Avav-wPimeyR eb (Tropical Semi-evergreen forest) ŠewkGÓ¡Åi w`K ˆ^GK ‰ eb mvaviYZ wPinwir, wK¯§ còGgvPx
(deciduous) e†GÞiI cÉvavbÅ iGqGQ| ‰ ebf„wg
wmGjU, PëMÉvg, cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg, KÝevRvi I Dîi-cwøgvçGji w`bvRcyGii cvnvwo
‰jvKv wbGq MwVZ| cÉavbZ RygPvl Kiv nq| ‰LvGb AvU kZvwaK cÉRvwZi mcyÓ·K
Dw«¿` iGqGQ| wPimeyR eb AGcÞv ‰ RvZxq eGb MvQZjvq (undergrowth) Dw«¿` AwaK RG¯Ã| DuPz AvœQv`b m†wÓ¡Kvix e†Þ 25-27 wgUvi
DuPz| DcZÅKv I Av`ËÆ XvGj Pvcvwjk, ˆZj÷i, bviGKwj cÉRvwZàwjB ˆewk RG¯Ã|
àUàwUqv, Zzb, cxZivR, bvGMk¼i, DwoAvg, bvwjRvg, ˆMv`vRvg, cxZRvg, XvwKRvg
BZÅvw` gaÅgvçGj QvDwb m†wÓ¡ KGi| ˆWdj I ˆKPzqvb wbÁ²Õ¦Gii AvœQv`K| AGcÞvK‡Z
AwaK Dú I ÷Ó• XvGj ‰es LuvGR wewf®² cÉRvwZi MRÆb, ebwkgyj, wkgyj, wkjKiB,
Pz±`yj, àRv evUbv, KvgG`e, eyiv Mvgvwi, eGnov I gym DcGii QvDwb m††wÓ¡
KGi| Mve, D`vj I wkfvw` gaÅg DœPZvi QvDwb m†wÓ¡ KGi, ‰es Av`vwjqv, eogvjv,
ˆMv`v, AGkvK, RjcvB I `vi‚g wbPz QvDwb m†wÓ¡ KGi|
| wPimeyR eb |
[Qwe: wknve Dwób] |
|
mvaviY wPimeyR Dw«¿` cÉRvwZàwj nGjv MRÆb, wkgyj, ebwkgyj,
evUbv, Pvcvwjk, Zzb, KiB I RjcvB| ‰ ebf„wgi Dw«¿G`i DîivsGki mGã cƒeÆ-wngvjq
I `wÞYvsGki mGã AvivKvGbi Dw«¿G`i mv`†kÅ iGqGQ| ‰B ebàwji ˆgvU AvqZb
cÉvq 6,40,000 ˆnÙi hv evwYwRÅK KvGVi 40% ˆhvMvq| cƒGeÆ cÉewZÆZ ˆmàGbi
mGã mvÁcÉwZK ivevi PvGli dGj ‰ ebf„wgi cÉvK‡wZK ŠewkÓ¡Å axGi axGi e`Gj
hvGœQ|
| kvjeb, MvRxcyi |
[Qwe:dinv` gvngy`] |
|
ò×v¯¦xq Av`ËÆ-còGgvPx eb (Tropical moist deciduous forest) kvj
(Shorea robusta) MvGQi cÉvavbÅ weavq mvaviYZ
kvjeb bvGg cwiwPZ| eZÆgvGb XvKv, gqgbwmsn, w`bvRcyi I KzwgÍÏv AçGj weÕ¦‡Z
‰ ebf„wgi `ywU myÕ·Ó¡ ejq iGqGQ (cÉvq 107,000 ˆnÙi)| e†nr AskwU eËþcyò
I hgybvi gaÅeZÆx AçGj cÉvq 80 wKwg `xNÆ I 7-20 wKwg PIov hv gaycyiMo
bvGg cwiwPZ| Þz`ËZi AskwU ˆkicyi ˆRjvq fviGZi MvGiv cvnvGoi cv`G`Gk
AewÕ©Z, 60 wKwg jÁ¼v I 1.5-10 wKwg PIov| ZvQvov iscyi, w`bvRcyi, VvKziMuv
I bIMuv ˆRjvq kvjeGbi wKQy wewœQ®² Açj (cÉvq 14,000 ˆnÙi ‰jvKv RyGo)
‰es KzwgÍÏv ˆRjvi kvjeb wenvi, gqbvgwZ I ivGRkcyGi wKQy AeGkl (200 ˆnÙi)
QwoGq iGqGQ| wek kZGKi cÉ^g w`GK KzwgÍÏv ˆ^GK fviGZi `vwRÆwjs chƯ¦
‰KwU AwewœQ®² kvjeb wQj| eZÆgvGb eGbi AwaKvskB `Lj nGq ˆMGQ| AwekÓ¡
eGbi MvGQi gRy` I àYgvb wbÁ²Õ¦Gii| eZÆgvGb kvjeb ‰jvKvq iGqGQ AmsLÅ
avbGÞZ| eGbi AwewœQ®² QvDwb 10-20 wgUvi DuPz, AwaKvskB còGgvPx cÉRvwZ|
kvj (cÉvq 90%) Qvov AbÅvbÅ mvaviY e†GÞi gGaÅ iGqGQ cjvk, nvj`y, Rvi‚j
ev wmav (Lagerstroemia parviflora), evRbv, nvoMRv, AvRywj (Dillenia pentagyna), ˆfjv, KiB, ˆgb`v (Litsea monopetala), Kzmyg, D`vj, ˆWdvRvg, eGnov,
KziwP, nixZKx, wcZivR, ˆkIov, ˆmvbvjy, Avmvi, AvgjwK I AaMvQ (Croton oblongifolius)| jZvi (AwaKvskB KvÓ¤jZv) gGaÅ
iGqGQ KvçbjZv, AvwbGMvUv
(Zizyphus
rugusa),
KzgvixjZv, MRwccyj, cvwbjZv, bvbv RvGZi ˆgGU-Avjy (Dioscorea species), kZgƒjx I wMjv| MvQZjvi cÉRvwZi
msLÅvI hG^Ó¡ (50 MGYi cÉvq 250wU cÉRvwZ) hvG`i gGaÅ AvmvgjZv, fuvU,
ŠeuwP, gqbvKuvUv, Avmvj BZÅvw`iB cÉvavbÅ| NvGmi gGaÅ QbB ˆewk| wKQy
civkÉqx Dw«¿`I iGqGQ| wkg, wmR I Kjgx ˆMvòxq Dw«¿`I iGqGQ|
ˆRvqviGaŒZ eb (Tidal forest) Lyjbv, cUzqvLvjx, ˆbvqvLvjx I PëMÉvg AçGji ‰B DcK„jxq ebàwj (‰KGò
cÉvq 520,000 ˆnÙi) evsjvG`Gki meÆvwaK Drcv`bkxj ebf„wg| cÉwZevi ˆRvqvGii
mgq ‰ ebf„wg mgyG`Ëi cvwbGZ µÏvweZ nq| ‰LvbKvi wPimeyR MvQàwji AvGQ
evqygƒj ‰es eskweÕ¦vi RivqyR aiGbi| my±`wi QvovI c÷i, ˆMIqv, ˆKIov,
KuvKov, evBb, ay±`yj, Avgyi I WvKzi `je«¬fvGe RG¯Ã| DcK„jxq cvwbi ˆNvjvGU
fve I jeYvî×Zv ˆmLvbKvi cÉRvwZàwji webÅvm I ŠewkÓ¡Å wbq¯¨Y KGi| my±`ieb
QvovI MvGãq e«¼xGci AGbKàwj PiB gÅvbGMÉvGfi Mfxi eGb XvKv, ˆbB ÷ay my±`wi|
b`xi cwj RGg IVv Zxi I dvUGjB ‰me cÉRvwZ `Ë‚Z ˆeGo IGV| b`x I LvGji
cvGo ˆVmgƒjxq (rhizophoreceous) cÉRvwZi cÉvavbÅ ˆ`Lv hvq|
| ˆRvqviGaŒZ eb |
[Qwe:‰g gwbi‚j
‰BP Lvb] |
|
wKQy eb wKQy wbw`ÆÓ¡ evÕ§msÕ©vGb
mxwgZ ^vGK| ‰me eGbi gGaÅ iGqGQ 1. ˆejvf„wg ev ZUxq eb- PëMÉvg,
KÝevRvi, ewikvj I cUzqvLvjx AçGji mgy`Ë DcK„j eivei weÕ¦‡Z| ‰LvGb bvbv
aiGbi I NbGZ½i ˆSvcSvGoi mGã RG¯Ã SvD, ˆKi‚s, cwbqvj, KvVev`vg, gv`vi,
wccyj I wbwk±`v; 2. Õ¼v`ycvwbi wbÁ²f„wgi eb- wmGjU, mybvgMGéi nvIi I
cveÆZÅ ebvçGji wbPz ‰jvKvq AewÕ©Z| ‰me ‰jvKv elÆvq µÏvweZ nq I gvwU
AZů¦ cvwbwmî× ^vGK| wmGjU AçGj wbÁ²f„wgi eGb cÉPzi Z‡YRvZxq Dw«¿`-
BKo, LvMov I bj RG¯Ã| nvIiàwji cvGo cÉvqkB ÷ay wnRj eb ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰LvbKvi
MvQZjvi MvQMvQov nGjv cÉavbZ ˆeZ, MuyGqevejv
(Lantana
species) ‰es eo RvGZi Nvm I ˆebv| e†GÞi
gGaÅ iGqGQ- KoB, wkgyj, KvjDSv
(Cordia
dichotoma),
fvUKzi
(Vitex
heterophylla)
I Rvi‚j| MvQZjvi cÉRvwZ nGjv ˆZiv
(Alpinia), ˆKDgƒj (Costus), gyZÆv I `uvZivãv/jyUwK (Melastoma) I bj| ‰me weGkl aiGbi eb QvovI
cvnvwo ˆQvU b`x ev Qovi wKbvGi Õ¼Kxq MvQMvQvwjmn AviI Õ©vbxq wKQy eb
iGqGQ ˆhLvGb MvGQi gGaÅ RG¯Ã PvjZv, wcUvwj, Kvéj (Bischofia javanica), Rvi‚j, AGkvK, fzwe (Baccaurea ramiflora), RjcvB, ˆkIov I Wzgyi ‰es
‰BmGã AGbK cÉRvwZi civkÉqx Dw«¿`, dvbÆ I gm|
cveÆZÅ eb AvevG`i ci bZzb ebvqb
‰jvKvq cÉ^Gg RG¯Ã ˆMvjmvà
(Cariota
urens),
eyiv (Macaranga
species), eogvjv (Callicarpa arborea), Kvwkcvjv (Hibiscus macrophyllus), ˆMv`v (Vitex
peduncularis),
Rxeb (Trema orientalis), bybKwP (Glochidion species), AvgjwK, KziwP, ‰Gjbv (Antidesma), K`g, ˆWdvRvg (Cleistocalyx operculata), KoB, D`vj, evRbv, KuvUv KkB,
Zzb, fvw`, àUàwUqv (Proteium
serratum),
evUv, nvoGMvRv I wewf®² cÉRvwZi Nvm| cÉvK‡wZK ebf„wgi ò×gvMZ nËvGmi
KviGYI wKQy weGkl aiGbi eb m†wÓ¡ nq, hvGK Z‡YRvZxq AGMvQvGjv Rãj ejv
hvq (cÉvq 750,000 ˆnÙi)| eZÆgvGb Qb PvGli RbÅ ‰me ˆMŒY Rãj cÉvqB ˆcvovGbv
nq|
Avevw` eb
(Plantation
forest) cÉwZeQi ˆivwcZ ‰B eb `yfvGM wefvRÅ: 1. ˆivwcZ
ivÓ¡Ëxq eb- 1871 mvGj eZÆgvb gvqvbgvi ˆ^GK exR ‰Gb cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi Kvµ¦vBGq
ˆmàb PvGli cÉv^wgK DG`ÅvM ˆbIqv nq| ZLb ˆ^GKB Avevw` eb MvQ ˆKGU bZzb
KGi ebvqGbi Ask nGq DGV| 1920 mvj chƯ¦ ‰wU kyay cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgB mxgve«¬
wQj| Zvici PëMÉvg I wmGjU wefvGMI mÁcÉmvwiZ nq| eQGi ebvqGbi nvi wQj
400 ˆnÙi| ˆmàGbi ci jvMvGbv AbÅvbÅ cÉRvwZ nGjv Mvgvwi, Pvcvwjk, MRÆb,
ˆgnMwb, Rvi‚j, Zzb, cvBb I Rvg| cçvk I lvGUi `kGK eÅvcK ebvqb KgÆmƒwP
M†nxZ nq| 1974 mvGj eb wefvM R¾vjvwb KvV Drcv`Gbi RbÅ Mvgvwi,
Albizia
falcata;
K`g, Acacia
species;
Eucalyptus
species I cvBGbi gGZv `Ë‚ZeaÆbkxj
e†Þ eÅvcKfvGe ˆivcY ÷i‚ KGi; 2. eÅwî×gvwjKvbvaxb Avevw` eb- wPivPwiZ
cÉ^v wnGmGeB emZevwoGZ mvdGjÅi mGã wewf®² e†Þ I dmj R¯ÃvGbv nq| ‰ RvZxq
eb ivÓ¡Ëxq ebf„wg a»sGmi wecixGZ `Ë‚ZMwZGZ e†w«¬ cvGœQ| emZevwoi ebf„wgGZ
cÉvq 160 cÉRvwZi e†Þ cvIqv hvq| ‰B aiGbi eb miKvwi eGbi Zzjbvq 15-25
àY ˆewk Drcv`bkxj| [ˆgvÕ¦dv Kvgvj cvkv]
ebf„wgi weÕZ‡wZ (Forest distribution) evsjvG`Gk
AGkÉYxe«¬ ebvçjmn meÆGgvU ivÓ¡Ë wbqw¯¨Z ebvçGji cwigvY cÉvq 22 jÞ 42
nvRvi ˆnÙi| ‰B mÁcƒYÆ ‰jvKvi ‰KwU weivU Ask e†Þnxb| weMZ wZb `kK aGi
cÉwZ eQi MGo 2.1% ebvçj wejyµ¦ nGqGQ| evsjvG`Gki MÉvgxY ebf„wgmgƒn ˆ`Gki
A^ÆbxwZGZ ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv ivGL| ˆ`Gki cÉGqvRbxq KvV I R¾vjvwb
KvGVi Pvwn`vi DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Ask cwÍÏ AçGji ebmgƒn ˆ^GK cƒiY nq| KvV Drcv`b
QvovI cwÍÏ ebmgƒGni AbÅvbÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ ài‚Z½ iGqGQ| ‰ mKj eb ˆ^GK AvnwiZ
nq djgƒj, c÷Lv`Å, R¾vjvwb, Þz`Ë I KzwUi wkG͸i KuvPvgvj, K‡wl miévg,
M†nwbgÆvGYi DcKiYmgƒn| ‰K wnmvGe ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh, MÉvgxY eb RãGji cwigvY
cÉvq 2,07,000 ˆnÙi| cÉK‡ZcGÞ MÉvgxY ebGK eb ejv PGj bv| evsjvG`Gki ˆcÉÞvcGU
MÉvgxY ebKzémgƒn eügyLx ZvrchÆ enb KGi|
Pv evMvb ‰K aiGbi eb hv DGÍÏL
Kiv cÉGqvRb| àYMZgvb wePvGi DrK‡Ó¡ e†Þ mÁc` cvIqv hvq Pv evMvb ‰jvKv
ˆ^GK| Pv evMvGb Drc®² e†Þvw`i cwigvYI `Ë‚Z nËvm cvGœQ| Pv evMvGbi e†Þvw`
ejGZ Pv evMvGbi Qvqv cÉ`vbKvix e†Þ QvovI Pv evMvb msj™² ‰jvKvi AbÅvbÅ
e†ÞGK eySvGbv nq| ‰B aiGbi cÉvq 2,800 ˆnÙi AvœQvw`Z f„wg PëMÉvg, wmGjU
I ivãvgvwUGZ weÕ¦‡Z| AZxGZ ‰i…c AviI AwaK cwigvY f„wgGZ Nb e†ÞivwR ˆkvfv
ˆcZ|
Z‡Zxq aiGbi eb `Ë‚Z cÉmvi jvf
KiGQ| eb ewnf„ÆZ miKvwi Lvm Rwg ˆhgb ivÕ¦vNvGUi wKbvi, ˆij cG^i ˆeox,
Lvj weGji cvGo e†ÞGivcY| ‰B aiGbi cÉvw¯¦K f„wgGZ ebvqb ‰Kw`GK Þwqúz
MÉvgxY eGbi NvUwZcƒiY KiGQ, ‰KB mGã cwZZ Rwgi eÅenvGi ˆhvM KiGQ ‰K bZzb
gvòv|
mviwY ivÓ¡Ëvqî ebf„wgi AeÕ©vb (ˆnÙGi)
ebf„wgi cÉKviGf` |
msiwÞZ ebf„wg |
myiwÞZ ebf„wg |
AwcÆZ ebf„wg |
AwaM†nxZ ebf„wg |
Iqvc`v I Lvm |
AGkÉYxfzî× ivÓ¡Ëvqî ebf„wg |
ˆgvU |
cvnvwo |
594,383 |
32,303 |
2,636 |
11,004 |
--- |
721,344 |
1361,670 |
Afů¦ixY |
68,140 |
2,689 |
19,985 |
31,198 |
--- |
--- |
122,012 |
DcK„jxq |
656,579 |
--- |
--- |
6 |
101,526 |
--- |
758,111 |
ˆgvU |
13,19,102 |
34,992 |
22,621 |
42,208 |
101,526 |
721,344 |
22,41,793 |
evsjvG`Gki ivÓ¡Ëvqî ebmgƒn
wZbwU AçGj weÕ¦‡Z: 1. e†nîi PëMÉvg, cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg ‰es wmGjGUi cvnvwo
ebvçj; 2. ˆK±`Êxq I Dîivçjxq Afů¦ixY ebvçj; 3. «¼xc I Pivçjxq ‰es DcK„jeZÆx
ebvçj|
DcGivî× mviwYGZ DGÍÏwLZ f„wgi
meUzKz cÉK‡ZcGÞ eb wefvGMi wbq¯¨GY ˆbB| AwaKvsk f„wgGZB A‹ea `Lj NGUGQ|
Afů¦ixY kvjebf„wg AwaK gvòvq ˆe`Lj nGqGQ| 1985 mb ˆ^GK chÆGeÞGY jÞÅ
Kiv ˆMGQ ˆh, cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGg A‹ea `Lj ‰es RygPvl e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ|
cvnvwo ebf„wg ˆ`Gki ˆgvU ebf„wgi
AaÆvsGki AwaK RyGo weÕ¦‡Z| ‰B ebf„wgmgƒn A^Æ‹bwZK I cwiGekMZ w`K ˆ^GK
ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| wbGÁ² cÉ`î eYÆbv gƒjZ e†nîi PëMÉvg I cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi ebf„wgi
ˆÞGò cÉGhvRÅ| wmGjGUi ebf„wg PëMÉvg I cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi ebf„wgiB mÁcÉmvwiZ
Ask|
Kvmvjs msiwÞZ eb |
cvnvwo AçGji msiwÞZ eGbi gGaÅ
iGqGQ Kvmvjs (gvBwb ˆnW IqvUvi wiRvfÆmn), ˆibwLqvs, mxZvcvnvo, mvãy,
gvZvgyüix, PëMÉvg, KÝevRvi I wmGjU msiwÞZ eb| ‰G`i gGaÅ mxZvcvnvo nGœQ
cÉ^g cvnvwo ebf„wg hv 1875 mvGj msiwÞZ ˆNvwlZ nq| ‰ kZvõxi cÉ^g `kGKB
AwaKvsk ebf„wgGZ Rwic I mxgvbv wbaÆviY Kiv nq| eb wefvM 1871 mvGj mxZvcvnvo
‰jvKvq e†ÞGivcY ÷i‚ KGi| ‰ici ˆ^GKB ˆmàGbi ebvqb cÉwò×qv AeÅvnZ ^vGK|
AbvœQvw`Z ebf„wgGZ K‡wògfvGe ebvqGbi ˆh cwiK͸bv mxZvcvnvGo mƒwPZ nGqwQj,
Zv Kvmvjs I ivbwLqvs ‰i msiwÞZ ‰jvKvq mÁcÉmvwiZ Kiv nq| 1963 mvGj Kvmvjs
I ivbwLqvs ‰i msiwÞZ ebvçGji weÕ¦vwiZ Rwic cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| ‰i ciciB
hyî×ivÓ¡Ë miKvGii Av¯¦RÆvwZK mvnvhÅ msÕ©v BD‰m‰AvBwW
(USAID) mvsà I gvZvgyüixi msiwÞZ ebvçGji
RwiGci KvR cwiPvjbv KGi| Kvmvjs I ivbwLqvs-‰ MGo ˆZvjv nq 1,000 ˆnÙi
ebf„wg ˆhLvGb ˆmàbB cÉavb e†Þ| KvV AvniGYi RbÅ lvGUi `kGKi gvSvgvwS
ebwk͸ D®²qb KGcÆvGikb cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| lvGUi `kGKi ˆklfvGM ivR‹bwZK AwÕ©wZkxjZv
‰es DcRvZxq AmG¯¦vl myÓ¤z eb eÅeÕ©vcbvi ˆÞGò eo aiGbi evav wnGmGe ˆ`Lv
ˆ`q| ‰ mgq ivwLqvs ‰es ˆ^Mv DuPz f„wgi msiwÞZ ebmgƒGni AwaKvsk A‹ea
`LGj PGj hvq| Aciw`GK gvZvgyüixi msiwÞZ ‰jvKvq 5,037 ˆnÙi bZzb ebvqb
Kiv nq|
cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi 700 nvRvi ˆnÙGii
AwaK AGkÉYxfzî× ivÓ¡Ëxq ebvçGj (BD‰m‰d) Ryg Pvl nq| ev±`ievb I LvMovQwo
‰jvKvq weÕ¦‡Z ‰B aiGbi AGkÉYxfzî× ebvçj eb wefvGMi `LGj ‰Gb ebvqb Kiv
nq| 1990 mvj chƯ¦ ˆmàb I AbÅvbÅ cÉRvwZi e†ÞGivcGYi gvaÅGg 48,000 ˆnÙi
ebvqb Kiv nq|
mviwY wewf®² eb wefvGMi Aaxb wewf®² aiGbi eGbi eZÆgvb
weÕ¦‡wZ I AvqZb (ˆnÙi)
| wefvM |
msiwÞZ eb |
AwaMÉnYK‡Z eb |
myiwÞZ eb |
AwcÆZ eb |
AGkÉYxfzî× miKvwi eb |
Lvm |
ˆgvU |
| cveÆZÅ ebf„wg |
5,94,383 |
11,004 |
32,303 |
2,636 |
7,21,344 |
--- |
13,61,670 |
| cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg (D) |
1,59,379 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
1,53,063 |
--- |
3,12,442 |
| cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg (`) |
82,161 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
1,72,721 |
--- |
2,54,882 |
| ev±`ievb (AGkÉYxfzî× miKvwi ebf„wg) |
40,198 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
78,592 |
--- |
1,18,790 |
| ev±`ievb |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
58,236 |
--- |
58,236 |
| jvgv |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
75,149 |
--- |
75,149 |
| ivãvgvwU (AGkÉYxfzî× miKvwi ebf„wg) |
12,801 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
89,694 |
--- |
1,02,495 |
| RygPvlvaxb |
12,903 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
9,600 |
--- |
22,503 |
| Kvµ¦vB (cv͸DW) |
29,279 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
29,279 |
| LvMovQwo (AGkÉYxfzî× miKvwi ebf„wg) |
1,409 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
82,073 |
--- |
83,482 |
| PëMÉvg |
82,307 |
5,096 |
19,873 |
2,636 |
--- |
--- |
1,09,912 |
| KÝevRvi |
1,04,103 |
1,241 |
12,430 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
1,17,774 |
| wmGjU |
69,843 |
4,667 |
--- |
--- |
2,215 |
--- |
76,725 |
| Afů¦ixY ebf„wg |
68,140 |
31,198 |
2,689 |
19,985 |
--- |
--- |
1,22,012 |
| XvKv |
26,221 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
26,221 |
| UvãvBj |
22,460 |
27,287 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
49,747 |
| gqgbwmsn |
13,467 |
--- |
--- |
15,019 |
--- |
--- |
28,486 |
| w`bvRcyi |
5,037 |
387 |
--- |
4,681 |
--- |
--- |
10,105 |
| iscyi |
763 |
1,697 |
263 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
2,723 |
| ivRkvnx |
192 |
11 |
2,426 |
276 |
--- |
--- |
2,905 |
| KzwgÍÏv (mÁcÉmviY) |
--- |
1,696 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
1,696 |
| XvKv (mÁcÉmviY) `wÞY |
--- |
--- |
--- |
9 |
--- |
--- |
9 |
| KzwÓ¡qv (mÁcÉmviY) |
--- |
8 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
8 |
| eàov (mÁcÉmviY) |
--- |
7 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
7 |
| dwi`cyi (mÁcÉmviY) |
--- |
10 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
10 |
| hGkvi (mÁcÉmviY) |
--- |
9 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
9 |
| ˆevUvwbKÅvj MvGWÆb, XvKv |
--- |
86 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
86 |
| DcK„jxq ebvqb |
6,56,579 |
6 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
101,526 |
75,811 |
| my±`ieb |
5,57,285 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
5,77,285 |
| ˆfvjv (DcK„jxq ebvqb) |
2,236 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
24,304 |
26,540 |
| cUzqvLvjx (DcK„jxq ebvqb) |
8,571 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
13,293 |
21,864 |
| ˆbvqvLvjx (DcK„jxq ebvqb) |
35,741 |
6 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
54,618 |
90,365 |
| PëMÉvg (DcK„jxq ebvqb) |
32,746 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
9,311 |
42,057 |
| ˆgvU |
13,19,102 |
42,208 |
34,992 |
22,621 |
7,21,344 |
1,01,526 |
22,41,793 |
Drm eb gnvcwiK͸bv (eb eÅeÕ©vcbv)
1987 mvGj PëMÉvg I KÝevRvi
ebvçGji Rwic KvR mÁc®² Kiv nq| ‰B RwiGci wiGcvUÆ Abyhvqx ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh
52,471 ˆnÙi cÉvK‡wZK ebvçGji cÉvq 38% DœPgvGbi eb wQj ÞwZMÉÕ¦ I ˆMŒY
aiGbi Þz`Ë AvœQv`b, 13% Dw«¿G` wQj D®²ZgvGbi e†nr AvK‡wZi e†Þ AvœQv`b,
1% f„wgGZ MRÆb e†Þ ‰es AewkÓ¡ 48 fvGM wQj ˆSvc-àÍÂmn wewÞµ¦fvGe QwoGq
^vKv e†ÞivwR| H RwiGc AviI ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ebvqbK‡Z 38,852 ˆnÙGii gGaÅ
AvbygvwbK 21,000 ˆnÙi DRvo nGq hvq| ‰B eb DRvGoi RbÅ A‹ea `Lj, A‹eafvGe
MvQKvUv, 1941-45 mvGji w«¼Zxq wek¼hy«¬ ‰es 1971 mvGji gywî×hy«¬ PjvKvjxb
a»smhæGK KviY wnGmGe DGÍÏL Kiv nq|
KÝevRvGii 24,438 ˆnÙi cÉvK‡wZK
ebf„wgi gGaÅ kZKiv 57 fvGM ˆ`Lv hvq ÞwZMÉÕ¦ ˆMŒY I Þz`Ë gvGci e†Þ AvœQv`b,
42 fvM AçGj ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe DrK‡Ó¡ aiGbi ebf„wg ‰es evwK Ask wQj mÁcƒYÆfvGe
ÞwZMÉÕ¦| AvbycvwZK wnmvGe ˆMŒY ebf„wgi cwigvY ˆewk nIqvi KviY nGjv hy«¬Kvjxb
mgGq eo eo MvQ ˆKGU ˆdjv| ‰B RwiGc cÉwZqgvb nq ˆh, ‰B eb wefvGM ebvqbK‡Z
38,000 ˆnÙGii gGaÅ 1991 mvGj gvò 24,210 ˆnÙi eb AvbygvwbK 30 kZvsk wUGK
^vGK| gvqvbgvi (evgÆv) ˆ^GK eÅvcK nvGi ˆivwnãv kiYv^ÆxG`i AvMgGbi dGj
‰es KÝevRvGii ebf„wgGZ D«¼vÕ§G`i KÅvÁc Õ©vwcZ nIqvq cwiwÕ©wZi AviI AebwZ
NGUGQ|
1947 mvGji cƒGeÆ wmGjU ebvçj
wQj AvmvGgi Ask| ‰B AçGji ebf„wg mÁcGKÆ ˆm mgqKvi chÆvµ¦ Z^Åvw` cvIqv
hvq wb| wmGjGU 13,802 ˆnÙi ebvçj iGqGQ eGj DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ|
Afů¦ixY kvjeb eZÆgvGb XvKv, UvãvBj, gqgbwmsn I w`bvRcyi ˆRjvq kvjeb weÕZ‡Z| iscyi,
ivRkvnx I KzwgÍÏvq A͸ cwigvGY wewÞµ¦ AvKvGi Þwqúz kvjeb iGqGQ| AZxGZ
gqgbwmsn, UvãvBj ‰es XvKv ˆRjvi e†nr ‰jvKv kvjeGb XvKv wQj| Afů¦ixY
kvjebmgƒn 1950 mvj chƯ¦ eÅwî× gvwjKvbvaxb wQj| AekÅ gvwjKG`i mGã Pzwî×i
gvaÅGg ˆK±`Êxq ebvçGji MvRxcyi ˆRjvi fvIqvj ‰es UvãvBj ˆRjvi AvwZqv
wQj eb wefvGMi AvswkK eÅeÕ©vcbvaxb| 1917 mvj chƯ¦ gvwjKivB ebf„wgi
eÅeÕ©vcbvi `vwqGZ½ wQj| cÉ^g eÅeÕ©vcbv cwiK͸bv M†nxZ nq fvIqvj ebvçGj
1917 ‰es AvwZqv ebf„wgGZ 1334 mvGj| 1947 mvGj ˆ`k wefvGMi ci eb wefvM
‰B AçjGK `ywU IqvwKÆs mvGKÆGj wefî× KGi| ‰KwU wQj KvV msMÉn I i…cv¯¦i
KvhÆò×g mvGKÆj, ˆhLvGb 70-80 eQi AveGZÆ e†Þ KZÆGbi cvkvcvwk K‡wòg ebvqb
Kiv nGZv| w«¼ZxqwU wQj 25 eQi eqGmi AveGZÆ MvQKvUv ‰es MvGQi ˆMvov ˆ^GK
bZzb MvQ ˆeGo IVv, hv MRvwii ˆÞGò ˆ`Lv hvq|
1959 mvGji cƒGeÆ w`bvRcyi,
iscyi ‰es ivRkvnx ebvçjmgƒn eÅwî×gvwjKvbvq wQj ‰es hG^œQfvGe MvQKvUv
nGZv| H eQi eb wefvM ‰KwU cwiK͸bv cÉYqb KGi| ‰B cwiK͸bvq wZbwU KgÆ-mvGKÆGji
mycvwik Kiv nq, ˆhgb- i…cv¯¦wiZKiY, MRvwi Drcv`b I ebvqb| ‰B cÉK͸ cybtcixÞYcƒeÆK
1976 mvGj `ywU KgÆ mvGKÆj m†wÓ¡ Kiv nq: mvgvwRK ebvqb KgÆ-mvGKÆj I evwYwRÅK
KgÆ-mvGKÆj| ‰B cwiK͸bv evÕ¦evwqZ nq wb| eZÆgvGb 65% ebvçj `vi‚YfvGe
Þwqúz A^ev A‹eafvGe `LjK‡Z|
DcK„jeZÆx gÅvbGMÉvf ebvçjmgƒn DcK„jeZÆx gÅvbGMÉvf ebf„wg `ywU c†^K AçGj wefî×|
Þz`ËvK‡wZi AçjwU nGjv PKwiqvi my±`ieb| ‰wU KÝevRvi ˆRjvi gvZvgyüix b`xi
AeevwnKvq weÕ¦‡Z| weMZ kZvõxi ˆklfvGM ‰B AçjwUGK msiwÞZ eb ˆNvlYv Kiv
nq, hw`I 1911 mvj ˆ^GKB ‰B Açj eb eÅeÕ©vcbvi AvIZvq wQj| eÅvcKnvGi ebR
`ËGeÅi I grmÅ PvGli Pvwn`v e†w«¬i dGj A‹eafvGe MvQKvUv I K‡wògfvGe Rjve«¬Zv
mgmÅv ˆ`qv ˆ`q| evsjvG`k miKvi BGZvgGaÅ 3,233 ˆnÙi ebf„wg wPswo PvGli
RbÅ nÕ¦v¯¦i KGiGQ| Awbqw¯¨ZfvGe wPswo Pvl ‰es jeY Drcv`Gbi RbÅ ˆgŒmyGg
ˆNi ŠZwii dGj AewkÓ¡ ebf„wg weivb nGqGQ|
Mãv I eËþcyGòi AeevwnKvq üMjx
b`x ˆ^GK ivebvev` «¼xc ‰jvKvq MGo IVv my±`ieb ˆKv^vI ˆKv^vI DcK„j ˆ^GK
160 wKwg Afů¦ifvM chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z| my±`ieGbi `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk cGoGQ evsjvG`Gk|
AÓ¡v`k kZvõxGZ ‰B ebf„wgi AvqZb wQj eZÆgvGbi w«¼àY| wbweÆPvGi e†Þwbab
‰es RbemwZ Õ©vcGbi dGj ebf„wg nËvm ˆcGZ ^vGK ‰es 1875 mvGj my±`iebGK
msiwÞZ eb ˆNvlYv Kiv nq| AvqZGbi (cÉvq 5,77,285 ˆnÙi) w`K ˆ^GK AcwiewZÆZ
^vKGjI my±`ieGb cvwbi jeYvî×Zv e†w«¬ I my±`wi MvGQi AvMvgiv ˆivGM e†ÞmÁ·G`i
eÅvcK ÞwZ nGqGQ| eb wefvM DcK„jeZÆx Açj I e†ÞkƒbÅ «¼xcmgƒGn cÉwZiÞvGeÓ¡bx
MGo ˆZvjvi jGÞÅ weMZ kZvõxi lvGUi `kGKi cÉ^gw`GK DcK„jxq ebvqb KgÆmƒwP
MÉnY KGi| ‰fvGe DcK„jxq AçGj DGÍÏLGhvMÅ cwigvY eb MGo IGV|
[Šmq` mvjvgZ Avjx]
ebRmÁ·` (Forest resources) evsjvG`Gk ˆgvU ebf„wgi cwigvY cÉvq 26 jÞ ˆnÙi ev ˆ`Gki ˆgvU f„wgi
cÉvq 18%, hvi 10% (15 jÞ ˆnÙi) eb wefvGMi wbq¯¨GY iGqGQ| miKvwi ebf„wgi
cwigvY 1947 mvGji cÉvq 20% ˆ^GK 1971 mvGj cÉvq 16%-‰ nËvm cvq; eZÆgvGb
Zv 5%-‰i ˆewk nGe bv| miKvwi ebf„wgi 90%-‰i AwaK Dîi I `wÞY-cƒeÆvçjxq
12wU ˆRjvq weÕZ‡Z| weMZ 50 eQGi cÉvq 50% ebf„wg nËvm cvIqvi dGj evsjvG`Gk
eZÆgvGb gv^vwcQy ebf„wgi cwigvY ˆbGg ‰GmGQ 0.018 ˆnÙi-‰, hv 1970 mvGj
wQj 0.035 ˆnÙi, c†w^exi meÆwbÁ² gv^vwcQy ebf„wgi cwigvYàwji ‰KwU| ‰me
miKvwi gvwjKvbvaxb msiwÞZ eb QvovI cÉavbZ eüwea eÅenvi DcGhvMx wewf®²
e†Þ, euvk, ˆeZ I bvbv aiGbi àGÍÂi emZevwoi eb wbGq MwVZ cÉvq 10.69 jÞ
ˆnÙi MÉvgxY eb iGqGQ|
evsjvG`Gki ebmÁ·G`i cÉavb ˆkÉYxàwj
nGœQ: (K) gÅvbGMÉvf eb (6.70 jÞ ˆnÙi), (L) cvnvwo eb (6.70 jÞ ˆnÙi),
(M) mgZj f„wgi eb (1.20 jÞ ˆnÙi), (N) AGkÉYxK‡Z ivÓ¡Ëxq eb (7 jÞ ˆnÙi),
(O) emZevwoi eb (10.69 jÞ ˆnÙi)| weMZ wZb `kGK evsjvG`Gk K‡wl, grmÅPvl,
Nievwo wbgÆvY I bMivqY KgÆKvGí ˆe`LGji dGj cÉvq ‰K jÞ ˆnÙi ebf„wg nËvm
ˆcGqGQ| ebf„wgi gGaÅ ˆ`Gki `wÞY-cƒeÆvçjxq mxgvG¯¦ PëMÉvg cveÆZÅvçjxq
ebmgƒGn 47% ‰es my±`ieb I cUzqvLvjx DcK„jxq eb wgGj 27% iGqGQ| w`bvRcyi,
eàov, ivRkvnx I iscyi ˆRjvmn Dîi-cwøgvçGj 1%-‰iI Kg miKvwi ebf„wg iGqGQ|
cwøgvçj ˆhgb hGkvi, KzwÓ¡qv, dwi`cyi I ewikvGj iGqGQ 1%-‰i mvgvbÅ ˆewk|
K‡wl LvGZi ci eb ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ A^Æ‹bwZK KvhÆò×g, hv ˆ`Gki wRwWwcGZ
cÉvq 3% Ae`vb ivLGQ|
KgcGÞ cÉvq 1,000 cÉRvwZi ebR
Dw«¿` A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe ài‚Z½cƒYÆ; ‰G`i gGaÅ cÉvq 400 e†Þ cÉRvwZ wnGmGe weGewPZ
‰es cÉvq 450 cÉRvwZi ˆflR ài‚Z½ iGqGQ| cÉvq 50wU e†Þ cÉRvwZ ‰es cÉvq
100wU exi‚r I jZvàÍ evwYwRÅKfvGe ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| evsjvG`Gk eb LvZ cÉavbZ
cÉv^wgK ebR `ËeÅ Drc®² KGi ^vGK| gí, KvMR I ˆevWÆ KviLvbv eÅZxZ gvaÅwgK
LvZ ˆZgb D®²Z bq, gƒjab wewbGqvMI Kg| `ywU cÉavb wk͸-KuvPvgvj KvGVi
Muywo I euvk cvIqv hvq cÉavbZ eÅwî×gvwjKvbvaxb ebf„wg I miKvwi eÅeÕ©vaxb
ebmgƒn ˆ^GK| miKvwi mƒògGZ miKvwi ebf„wg ˆ^GK cÉwZeQi 5,50,000 Nb wgUvi
KvGVi Muywo I 6.5 ˆKvwU euvk cvIqv hvq| 1997 mvGj eb LvGZi ˆgvU Avw^ÆK
gƒjÅ wbaÆvwiZ nGqGQ 2100 ˆKvwU UvKv (537 wgwjqb gvwKÆb Wjvi), hvi 80%
cÉv^wgK ebR `ËeÅ, 11% gvaÅwgK KvGVi Muywo cÉwò×qvKiY ‰es 3% AKvÓ¤j `ËeÅ
ˆ^GK cvIqv hvq| meGPGq ˆewk Ae`vb ivGL KivGZ duvov KvV, hvi cwigvY 42%
(900 ˆKvwU UvKv), Avi R¾vjvwb KvGVi Ae`vb 27% (580 ˆKvwU UvKv)| euvk
Drcv`b ˆ^GK AvGm 13% (290 ˆKvwU UvKv)| KwVb KvV cÉwò×qvKiY, cÉavbZ m’wgwjs,
cÉvq 6% ‰es gí I KvMR Drcv`b 4%-‰i AwaK gƒjÅ msGhvRGb Ae`vb ivGL| P„ov¯¦
KvÓ¤j wk͸ `ËeÅ Drcv`b, cÉavbZ Avmevecò I ˆKweGbU ŠZwi cÉvq 1% Ae`vb
ivGL| ‰me DcLvGZ eZÆgvGb ˆgvU cÉvq 8 jÞ eÅwî× wbGqvwRZ iGqGQ| AekÅ KvGRi
ˆgŒmygwfwîK cÉK‡wZ weGePbvq ebmÁ·wKÆZ KgÆKví ˆ^GK mivmwi myweavcÉvµ¦
ˆjvGKi msLÅv cÉvq 13 jÞ| KvGVi ci R¾vjvwb KvV meÆvwaK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ebRmÁ·`|
ˆgvU ebR Drcv`Gbi gGaÅ 65% R¾vjvwb KvV wnGmGe eÅen…Z nq| 1995 mvGj ˆgvU
wewamÁÃZ mieivn wQj 65 jÞ Nb wgUvi, ˆhLvGb Pvwn`v wQj 82.7 jÞ Nb wgUvi|
cvnvwo eb ebRmÁ·G` cwicƒYÆ|
‰me ebGK ADúgíjxq wPinwir eb, AaÆ-wPinwir eb I euvkeGb ˆkÉYx wefî× Kiv
hvq| AZů¦ eÅvcKfvGe R¯ÃvGbv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ KvÓ¤j e†GÞi gGaÅ iGqGQ MRÆb,
ˆmàb, Pvcvwjk, Mvgvi, ˆZjmyi, Rvg, Rvi‚j, wmwfU, iî×b, PÁ·v, bviGKwj,
ˆZwj, P´£vj, wPKivwkqv I KiB| cieZÆx ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ebmÁ·` iGqGQ my±`ieb
ebvçGj| 1870 mvGji w`GK wbeÆvwPZ e†GÞi KZÆb I cÉvK‡wZK esk e†w«¬i gvaÅGg
‰me eGbi miKvwi eÅeÕ©vcbv ÷i‚ nq|
cieZÆxGZ 1930 mvGji w`GK eb
ˆKGU e†ÞGivcGYi DG`ÅvM ˆbIqv nq| ebR `ËGeÅi ewaÆZ Pvwn`v ˆgUvGbvi RbÅ
w«¼Zxq gnvhyG«¬i mgq ‰me eb eÅvcK nvGi KvUv nq, hv 1947 mvGji Õ¼vaxbZv
hyG«¬i ciI AeÅvnZ ^vGK| ZLb `xNÆ (40 eQi) I mswÞµ¦ (20 eQi) AveZÆb Pò×
eÅeÕ©vcbv c«¬wZ MÉnY Kiv nq| 1959 mvGj Lyjbv wbDRwcÉ´Ÿ wgj ‰es Lyjbvq
AviI AGbK ebwk͸ cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo ˆZvjvi ci eb eÅeÕ©vcbvi eÅvcKZv e†w«¬
cvq| ‰LvGbi cÉavb cÉavb ebR `ËGeÅi gGaÅ iGqGQ MvGQi Muywo, KvV, R¾vjvwb
KvV I ˆMvjcvZv hv mvaviYZ AbygwZcGòi wfwîGZ AvniY Kiv nq|
eZÆgvGb kvjeGbi cÉavb `ywU
wewœQ®² Þwqúz Açj AewkÓ¡ iGqGQ| UvãvBj I gqgbwmsn ˆRjvq iGqGQ cÉvq 1,05,000
ˆnÙi Avi Dîi-cwøgvçjxq ˆRjvmgƒnGK wbGq MwVZ eGi±`Ê AçGj wewœQ®²fvGe
iGqGQ 14,000 ˆnÙi| eb wefvGMi wbq¯¨Yvaxb AbÅvbÅ ebvçGji mGã cv^ÆKÅ nGœQ,
‰me eb 1950 mvGji w`GK RvZxqKiY Kiv nGjI `xNÆKvj miKvwi eÅeÕ©vcbvq Avbv
nq wb| eZÆgvGb miKvwifvGe ˆNvwlZ kvjeb ‰jvKvi gvGS gvGS iGqGQ emZevwo
I avbGÞZ| ‰me eb cÉavbZ kvj KvV I MvGQi Muywoi mGã AbÅvbÅ big KvV I
R¾vjvwb KvV mieivn KGi ^vGK|
euvk evsjvG`Gki ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
AKvÓ¤j ebmÁ·`| cÉvK‡wZKfvGe eGb R¯ÃvGbv cÉvq 10wU euvk cÉRvwZ ‰KGò RvZxq
ebmÁ·G`i cÉvq 20%| ‰G`i gGaÅ gywj euvk (Melocanna baccifera) meGPGq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| meGPGq ˆewk euvk RG¯Ã PëMÉvg
I cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGgi ebvçGj, ZviciB iGqGQ wmGjU cvnvwo ebvçGji Õ©vb| mvivG`Gki
MÉvgxY ebvçj ˆ^GK AvGm AewkÓ¡ euvk|
A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
AKvÓ¤j ebRmÁ·` cÉvK‡wZK ebGK eÅvcK ŠewPòÅ w`Gq ^vGK| cÉvK‡wZK eGb ‰me
AKvÓ¤j ebR`ËGeÅi eÅeÕ©vcbv cwiwÕ©wZ ˆgvGUB mG¯¦vlRbK bq| Õ©vbxq ˆjvKRb
eb ˆ^GK cÉwZw`b ‰ aiGbi kZ kZ Dcv`vb eÅvcK cwigvGY AvniY KiGQ| Pvj QvDwb
I PvUvB eybGbi RbÅ MÉvgvçGj Qb eÅvcKfvGe eÅen…Z nq| ˆ`Gk cÉvq 20 jÞ
evw´£j Qb Drc®² nq| cÉavbZ cƒeÆvçjxq cvnvwo eGbi AbvœQvw`Z I Z‡Y AiGYÅ
(savannah forests) Qb cÉPzi cwigvGY RG¯Ã| my±`ieGbi ˆMvjcvZv (Nypa fruticans) `wÞYvçjxq ˆRjvmgƒGn eÅvcKnvGi
Pvj QvDwbGZ eÅen…Z nq| evwlÆK Drcv`Gbi cwigvY cÉvq 70 nvRvi ˆg Ub| cvnvwo
eGb R¯ÃvGbv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ebRmÁ·` ˆeZ
(rattan), hv emZevwoGZI jvMvGbv hvq,
Avmevecò, Szwo I ˆmŒwLb `ËeÅvw` ŠZwiGZ ˆeZ eÅen…Z nq| ˆeGZi AvniY gvòv
‰K jÞ ivwbs wgUvi
(running
metre)|
cÉvK‡wZK eb I emZevwoi eb-ev`vGo
R¯ÃvGbv bjLvMovRvZxq ‰K aiGbi Dw«¿` gyZÆv (murta) ˆkvqvi gv`yi, ^Gj, Szwomn cÉGqvRbxq AGbK wRwblcò
ŠZwiGZ eÅen…Z nq| AvRKvj Svo~ ŠZwii RbÅ cvnvwo eGb R¯ÃvGbv dzjSvo~ (Thesalonaena maxima) bvGg ‰K aiGbi NvGmi cyÓ·géwi
A^Æ‹bwZK ebR`ËeÅ wnGmGe eÅen…Z nGœQ| ˆflR àYvàY mÁ·®² cÉvq 500 cÉRvwZi
Dw«¿` evsjvG`Gki ebmgƒGn RG¯Ã| Dw«¿ä ivmvqwbK (phytochemical) Dcv`vGbi Ici wbfÆi KGi wewf®² ˆ`kR I ˆjvKR Jla dgyÆGjkb
ŠZwiGZ ‰me MvGQi wewf®² Ask msMÉn I eÅenvi Kiv nq| evsjvG`Gk cÉvq 500
BDbvwb I AvqyGeÆw`K Jla cÉÕ§ZKvix cÉwZÓ¤vb iGqGQ| ˆ`kR JlGai RbÅ eZÆgvGb
cÉvq 800 ˆg Ub Dw«¿ä Dcv`vb eÅen…Z nq| evsjvG`Gki gÅvbGMÉvf ebvçj ˆgvnbvi
wewf®² aiGbi gvQ, wPswo I KuvKovi AvevmÕ©j| cÉwZ eQi my±`ieb ‰jvKv ˆ^GK
cÉvq 10,000 ˆg Ub gvQ AvniY Kiv nq| gay msMÉnKvixiv (ˆgŒqvj) ‰ eb ˆ^GK
gay I ˆgvg msMÉn KGi; ˆKej my±`ieb ˆ^GKB cÉvq 150 ˆg Ub gay msM†nxZ
nq| [ˆgvÕ¦dv Kvgvj cvkv]
ebRvZ `ËeÅ (Forest product) eb ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ A^ÆKix mvgMÉx| cwiGek wePvGi ebR mÁ·` `yB cÉKvi: 1.
Õ©jR ebmÁ·`; 2. DcK„jxq ebmÁ·`| ‰àwj cybivq KvÓ¤j ebmÁ·` I AKvÓ¤j ebmÁ·`
wnGmGe wefvRÅ|
ebR mÁ·G`i wfwîf„wg ebR cwiGek nGjv evsjvG`Gki KvÓ¤j I AKvÓ¤j ebR mÁ·G`i gƒj Drm| cvnvwo
eb, mgZjf„wgi eb I DcK„jxq eb ˆ^GK ‰me ebR mÁ·` AvniY Kiv nq| ebR `ËGeÅi
gGaÅ iGqGQ:
M†nwbgÆvY I wbgÆvYmvgMÉx ‰ KvGR ˆPiv KvV, MvGQi LuywU I euvk eÅen…Z nq| cÉvq 25 eQi wUGK
^vKGe ‰B wnGmGe evwo wbgÆvGY gv^vwcQy evwlÆK KvGVi eÅenvi nGjv 0.0068
Nb wgUvi|
Avmevecò I wbe®¬ mvgMÉx ‰GÞGò iGqGQ bvbv aiGbi ARmË mvgMÉx| AvmevGei gv^vwcQy AvRxeGbi RbÅ
cwigvY nGjv 0.0664 Nb wgUvi ‰es Avmeve 25 eQi ˆUKmB ^vKGe ‰B wnGmGe
evwlÆK gv^vwcQy KvV eÅenvGii cwigvY nGjv 0.0026 Nb wgUvi|
cwienY miévg Mi‚i Mvwo, gwnGli Mvwo, ˆbŒKv, wiÝv, fÅvb, ˆVjvMvwo, cvjwK, Wzwjmn
cÉvq mKj MÉvgxY cwienY ŠZwiGZ KvVB cÉavb DcKiY| evm, UÇvK, jç I RvnvGRi
gGZv AvaywbK hvw¯¨K cwienY wbgÆvGYI KvV eÅen…Z nq| ‰GZ gv^vwcQy webÅÕ¦
Mo IRb 0.0072 Nb wgUvi| ‰me hvbevnGbi AvqyÓ•vj 20 eQi aiGj gv^vwcQy
evwlÆK cwiGfvM 0.00036 Nb wg|
K‡wlmiévg cÉPwjZ K‡wl h¯¨cvwZi I nvwZqvGii cÉvq meB KvVwbwgÆZ| webÅÕ¦ Mo cwigvc
0.0276 Nb wgUvi| ‰àwj 20 eQi wUKGe aiGj gv^vwcQy evwlÆK cwiGfvM `uvovq
0.0014 Nb wgUvi|
gí, KvMR I wbDRwcÉ´Ÿ ebwfwîK wkG͸i gGaÅ gí, KvMR I wbDRwcÉ´Ÿ Drcv`Gbi ài‚Z½ meÆvwaK|
evsjvG`Gk iGqGQ 3wU KvMRKj: KYÆdzwj KvMRKj (KPM),
Dîieã KvMRKj
(NBPM) I wmGjGUi ˆmvbvjx KvMR I ˆevWÆ
wgj, gí I KvMR Kj| ‰me wgj gvbmÁÃZ KvMR I KvMRGevWÆ Drcv`b KGi| ˆ`Gki
‰Kgvò wbDRwcÉ´Ÿ wgj Lyjbvq AewÕ©Z| Dîieã KvMRKj Qvov evwK meàwj KvMRKGj
KuvPvgvj wnGmGe KvV I/ev euvGki gí eÅen…Z nq| wbDRwcÉ´Ÿ I AbÅvbÅ KvMGRi
evwlÆK gv^vwcQy eÅenvi h^vò×Gg 0.4375 ˆKwR I 0.5602 ˆKwR|
KvVwfwîK cÅvGbj mvgMÉx ‰àwj nGjv KvV ev KvGVi DcRvZ (KvGVi Muyov) w`Gq ŠZwi nvWÆGevWÆ,
cvwUÆGKj ˆevWÆ, ˆµÏBb DW-ˆUÝU, fÅvwbqvi ˆevWÆ, µÏvBDW, dÑvk `iRv-Rvbvjvi
gGZv bvbv aiGbi cÉvq cƒYÆvã I gvaÅwgK KvVmvgMÉx| miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi Dfq
LvGZB ‰àwj Drc®² nq| ‰me BDwbGU ˆPiv KvGVi evwlÆK Mo Pvwn`v cÉvq 97,000
Nb wgUvi|
R¾vjvwb I R¾vjvwb KvV ˆgvU R¾vjvwb I R¾vjvwb KvGVi 80%-‰i AwaK eb ˆ^GK msMÉn Kiv nq| R¾vjvwbi
85% MÉvgvçGj I 15% knivçGj eÅen…Z nq| R¾vjvwb KvV Qvov me aiGbi KvVB
BUfvUvi gGZv Þz`Ë wkG͸i PzwÍÏGZ R¾vjvGbv nq| ˆ`Gki R¾vjvwb KvGVi wbaÆvwiZ
Pvwn`v eQGi cÉvq 7,975.49 nvRvi Nb wgUvi|
ivevi ivevi ‰KwU ‰KRvZxq
(monotype) ebR Drcv`| evsjvG`Gk PëMÉvg,
wmGjU I gaycyi ‰jvKvq KGqKwU ivevi evMvb iGqGQ| evsjvG`Gk 1997-98 I
1998-99 mvGj ivevi Drcv`b wQj h^vò×Gg 2,966.58 I 3,101.21 nvRvi wKGjvMÉvg|
AbÅvbÅ KvV I ebRmvgMÉx KvVRvZ AbÅvbÅ `ËGeÅi gGaÅ ˆ`kjvB wk͸ AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| ‰QvovI iGqGQ
ˆcw´Öj, ˆkÏU, ˆÕ•j I cyZzj ŠZwii wk͸ ‰es we`yÅr I ˆUwjGdvGbi LuywU,
eÕ¨ I cvU KGji h¯¨vsk BZÅvw`| Z`ycwi, wKQy ebwfwîK Þz`Ë KviLvbv KzwUi
wk͸mvgMÉxI cÉÕ§Z KGi| AvnwiZ
gayi 50 kZvsGki AwaK AvGm eb ˆ^GK| my±`ieb ˆ^GK AvGm cÉPzi cwigvGY Pvj
QvDwb ˆ`Iqvi ˆMvjcvZv|
bb-wUÁ¼vi ebR Drcv`b eGbi
KvV QvovI bvbv aiGbi MvQ, MvGQi Ask ‰es AbÅvbÅ `ËeÅ KuvPvgvj wnGmGe
eÅen…Z nq| AGbKàwj Þz`Ëwk͸, miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi nÕ¦wk͸ ‰es KzwUiwk͸
bb-wUÁ¼vi ebR `ËGeÅi Ici wbfÆikxj| ‰me Drc®² `ËGeÅi AGbKàwj weGk¼i wewf®²
ˆ`Gk iµ¦vwb Kiv nGœQ| cÉwZeQi ‰ iµ¦vwb ˆ^GK AwRÆZ nGœQ cÉPzi ŠeG`wkK
gy`Ëv| ‰me wkG͸ wbGqvwRZ iGqGQ eüGjvK| KwZcq AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ bb-wUÁ¼vi
ebR Dw«¿` I Dw«¿``ËGeÅi gGaÅ iGqGQ euvk (Nievwo, Avmevecò I eÅenvhÆ
`ËeÅ wbwgÆZ nq), ˆeZ (Avmevecò ‰es AbÅvbÅ wejvm `ËeÅ ŠZwi nq), Qb (NGii
Pvj/QvDwb ˆ`Iqv nq), cvwUcvZv I ˆnvMjv (ˆgGSi gv`yi ŠZwi nq), ˆMvjcvZv
(NGii QvDwb ˆ`Iqv nq), gay (cÉavbZ my±`iGb cvIqv hvq), ˆMIqv KvV (Lyjbv
KvMRKGj wbDRwcÉ´Ÿ ŠZwi nq) ‰es eüwea Jlwa MvQ (ˆhgb AvgjwK, eGnov, nixZKx,
mcÆM®¬v, KziwP, ARÆyb, evmK, kZgƒjx, AvK±`, Wzgyi, DjU Pívj, Ab¯¦gƒj,
Zzjmx, wbwm±`v BZÅvw`)| [ˆgvt gvndzRyi ingvb]
AviI ˆ`Lyb `vi‚e†Þ; gí|
eb eÅeÕ©vcbv (Forest managenent) weËwUk kvmb ÷i‚i AvGM DcgnvG`Gki ˆKv^vI eb msiÞGYi weævbmÁÃZ ˆKvb
DG`ÅvM M†nxZ nq wb| ‰gbwK weËwUk kvmGbi ˆMvovi w`GKI mvaviGYi Pvwn`v
wgUvGbvi RbÅ ebGK hG^œQfvGe webÓ¡ Kiv nGqGQ| eËvbwWm 1862 mvGj evgÆv
(gvqvbgvi) ˆ^GK w`wÍÏ hvevi cG^ eãG`Gki AiGYÅi ‰Kvsk cwi`kÆbKvGj ‰B
AçGji eGbi fwelÅr mÁ·GKÆ ‰KwU eî×eÅ cÉÕ§Z KGiwQGjb, Avi ‰ ˆ^GKB evsjvG`Gki
ebeÅeÕ©vcbvi mƒòcvZ| KjKvZv ˆevUvwbK MvGWÆGbi Zî½veavqK AÅv´£vimb 1864
mvGj evsjvi wbÁ²vçjxq cÉG`kmgƒn I AvmvGg (eZÆgvGb hvi ‰Kvsk evsjvG`Gki
A¯¦fzÆî×) cÉ^g ebmsiÞK wbhyî× nb| Zuvi cwiPvwjZ cÉv^wgK Abym®¬vb ˆ^GKB
cÉ^g ebvçj msiÞY eÅeÕ©v M†nxZ nq| 1871 mvGj cveÆZÅ eGbi cÉvq 14,685
eMÆ wKGjvwgUvi wbGq miKvwi eb ‰es 1875 mvGj cÉ^g msiwÞZ eb ˆNvlYv Kiv
nq| cÉ^g msiwÞZ eb nGjv mxZvcvnvo (eZÆgvGb cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg `wÞY wefvGMi
Aaxb) I my±`ieb|
eb wefvM evgÆv ˆ^GK Avbv exGRi
mvnvGhÅ 1871 mvGj cÉ^g ˆmàb eb m†wÓ¡i DG`ÅvM MÉnY KGi| mÅvi DBwjqg wkwjK
(Sir William Schillich) 1875 mvGj ˆmàb ebwU cwi`kÆb
KGib, hv evsjvG`Gk weævbmÁÃZ eb eÅeÕ©vcbvi BwZnvGm AvGiKwU gvBjdjK nGq
AvGQ| 1865 mvGj cÉ^g eb AvBb cÉewZÆZ ‰es 1878 mvGj msGkvwaZ nq, Avi
1927 mvGj cybtmsGkvwaZ eb AvBb ‰LbI ejer iGqGQ|
eb wefvGMi Aaxb ebvçj cÉavbZ
