eo kixdcyi gmwR` KzwgÍÏv ˆRjvi jvKmvg ^vbvi eo kixdcyi MÉvGg bGUk¼i w`wN bvGg cwiwPZ
‰KwU wekvj w`wNi cƒeÆZxGi AewÕ©Z| 1959 mvGj gmwR`wUGK msiwÞZ BgviZ wnGmGe
ˆNvlYv Kiv nq ‰es 1960-‰i `kGKi ˆMvovi w`GK ‰i wKQyUv msÕ•vi Kiv nq|
cieZÆx mgGq evsjvG`k cÉðZî½ Awa`µ¦i KZƆK gmwR`wUi AviI msÕ•vi Kiv nq|
AjsK‡Z ˆLvc bKkv (Panel)
mgƒGni Avw`i…c wdwiGq Avbvi RbÅ ‰ mgGq h^vh^ c`GÞc ˆbIqv nGqwQj| eZÆgvGb
gmwR`wU msiwÞZ AeÕ©vq we`Ågvb|
AvqZvKvi
gƒj gmwR`wU ‰KwU wbPz ˆ`qvj w`Gq ˆNiv| ‰i cƒeÆ w`GK iGqGQ ‰KwU msÕ•viK‡Z
cÉGek ˆZviY| evBGii w`GK gmwR`wUi cwigvc 14.48 wg × 5.94 wg| BgviZwUGK gReyZ
KiGZ evBGii w`GK PviGKvGY PviwU wekvj AÓ¡fzRvKvi cvk¼Æeyi‚R wbgÆvY Kiv
nGqGQ| gmwRG` cÉGeGki RbÅ iGqGQ wLjvbhyî× cÉGekc^- cƒeÆ w`GKi mÁÃyLfvGM
wZbwU ‰es Dîi I `wÞY w`GK ‰KwU KGi| ˆkGlvî× `ywU cÉGekc^ AekÅ ˆjvnvi
ŠZwi Rvwj (Grille)
w`Gq e®¬ KGi ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| cvk¼Æeyi‚Ràwj Qv` QvwoGq DcGi DGV ˆMGQ ‰es
‰àwji kxGlÆ iGqGQ c«ÂKjm bKkvi wdwbqvj ˆkvwfZ Þz`ËvK‡wZi MÁ¼yR| cƒeÆ
w`GKi cÉGek c^àwj AaÆMÁ¼yR AvœQvw`Z fGΟi wbGP|
evBGii
w`GKi wLjvbàwj eüLuvR wewkÓ¡| ˆK±`Êxq cÉGekc^wU AGcÞvK‡Z eo ‰es
‰wU ˆ`qvj ˆ^GK ewnMÆZ ‰KwU cÉGÞcGYi gGaÅ Õ©vwcZ| ‰ cÉGÞcGYi `yB
cÉvG¯¦ iGqGQ AÓ¡fzRvKvi Þz`ËvK‡wZi wgbvi (Turret)|
cƒeÆ w`GKi cÉGekc^ eivei cwøg ˆ`qvGj iGqGQ wZbwU AÓ¡GKvYvKvi wgnive|
cÉwZmvgÅ eRvq ivLvi RbÅ ‰LvGbI ˆK±`Êxq wgnivewU AbÅ `ywU AGcÞv
eo ‰es ‰i evBGii w`GK iGqGQ `ywU Þz`ËvK‡wZi wgbvi ˆkvwfZ ‰KwU
cÉGÞcY| |
|
eo kixdcyi gmwR`, KzwgÍÏv |
ˆ`qvGji
MvGq msj™² BGUi ŠZwi Õ¦GÁ¿i Dci ˆ^GK AvovAvwofvGe wbwgÆZ `ywU cÉkÕ¦
wLjvb gmwRG`i Afů¦ifvMGK wZbwU ‘ˆe’-ˆZ wefî× KGiGQ| ‰i gaÅeZÆx ‘ˆe’-wU
eMÆvKvi ‰es cvGki `ywU AvqZvKvi| wZbwU ‘ˆe’i DcGiB AvœQv`b wnGmGe iGqGQ
mvgvbÅ K±`vK‡wZi (bulbous)
MÁ¼yR| ‰i gGaÅ ˆK±`Êxq MÁ¼yRwU AGcÞvK‡Z eo| AÓ¡fzRvKvi WÈvGgi Dci Õ©vwcZ
MÁ¼yRàwji kxGlÆ iGqGQ c«ÂKjm ˆkvwfZ wdwbqvj| MÁ¼yRàwji fvi enGbi RbÅ
AeÕ©v¯¦i chvÆGq (phase of transition) jvjevM `yGMÆi gmwR` ‰es XvKvi mvZMÁ¼yR gmwRG` eÅen…Z
c«¬wZB AejÁ¼b Kiv nGqGQ| mgv¯¦ivj ecÉ ‰es Zvi DcGi MÁ¼yGRi wbÁ²vsGki
AÓ¡fzR WÈvg e«¬ ˆgiGjvb (blind
marlon) bKkv w`Gq AjsK‡Z| MÁ¼yGRi ˆfZGii w`GK wbÁ²vsk wNGi
iGqGQ cvZvi bKkv| Avi ‰i kxGlÆ iGqGQ e†n`vKvi Pò×bKkv| QuvGP Xvjv eÅv´£
bKkvi mvnvGhÅ KGqKwU AsGk wefî× AÓ¡fzRvKvi cvk¼Æeyi‚R-mgƒGni wfwîGZ
iGqGQ `†wÓ¡b±`b Kjm-bKkv| cƒeÆ w`GKi dvmv`wU wLjvbK‡Z Mfxi ˆLvc-bKkvi
mvnvGhÅ PgrKvifvGe AjsK‡Z| wgniveòGqi wLjvbàwji evBGii w`K eü LuvRwewkÓ¡|
ˆK±`Êxq wgnivGei AvqZvKvi ˆdÌGgi DcGi iGqGQ e«¬ c«Âcvcwo bKkvi ‰KwU
mvwi| cyGiv gmwR`wUi ˆfZGii Ask eZÆgvGb cGjÕ¦vivq AvœQvw`Z ‰es PzbKvg
Kiv|
‰KwU
eo MÁ¼yR ‰es Zvi `yB cvGk `ywU AGcÞvK‡Z ˆQvU MÁ¼yRwewkÓ¡ ‰ cwiK͸bv
I AbÅvbÅ ŠewkÓ¡Å Abyhvqx gmwR`wU gyMj evsjvi gmwR` Õ©vcGZÅi AwZcwiwPZ
i…cwUB ZzGj aGiGQ| ˆK±`Êxq cÉGek cG^i Dci ‰KwU ‰es ˆK±`Êxq wgnivGei
Dci Õ©vwcZ AvGiKwU dviwm wkjvwjwc ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq ˆh, R‹bK gynÁÃ` nvqvZ
Ave` Kwig 1706-1707 mvGj gmwR`wU wbgÆvY KGib| cÉPwjZ gZvbymvGi, wZwb
wQGjb ‰ ‰jvKvi ˆKvGZvqvj| gmwR`wU ZvB ˆKvGZvqvjx gmwR` bvGgI cwiwPZ| [‰g.‰ evwi]