eGãvcmvMi (Bay of Bengal)  fviZ gnvmvMGii DîGii mÁcÉmvwiZ evü| ˆfŒGMvwjKfvGe 5° Dîi I 22° `wÞY AÞvsk ‰es 80° cƒeÆ I 100° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsGki gGaÅ eGãvcmvMi AewÕ©Z| cwøGg fviZ I kÉxjsKvi cƒeÆ DcK„j, DîGi Mãv-eËþcyò-ˆgNbv b`xcÉYvjx m†Ó¡ e«¼xc ‰es cƒGeÆ gvqvbgvi Dc«¼xc ˆ^GK Av±`vgvb-wbGKvei Škjwkiv (ridges) chƯ¦ weÕZ‡Z f„fvM «¼viv eGãvcmvMi wZbw`GK Ave«¬| eGãvcmvMGii `wÞY mxgv kÉxjsKvi `wÞGY `±`Êv P„ov (Dondra Head) ˆ^GK mygvòvi Dîi cÉv¯¦ chƯ¦ weÕZ‡Z| meÆGgvU cÉvq 22 jÞ eMÆ wKwg AvqZGbi wekvj ‰jvKv RyGo eGãvcmvMi weÕZ‡Z| ‰i Mo MfxiZv cÉvq 2,600 wgUvi ‰es mGeÆvœP MfxiZv 5,258 wgUvi| eGãvcmvMGii meÆDîi cÉvG¯¦ evsjvG`k AewÕ©Z|

ZjG`kxq f„msÕ©vb (Bottom topography)  weÕ¦xYÆ BD-AvK‡wZi (U-shaped) AeevwnKv «¼viv eGãvcmvMGii ZjG`k ŠewkÓ¡ÅgwíZ ˆhwU `wÞGY fviZ gnvmvMGi D¯Ãyî×| ‰KwU mgi…c AZj mgf„wg (abyssal plain) eGãvcmvMGii cÉvq mgMÉ ZjG`k RyGo iGqGQ ˆhwU 8-10° ˆKvGY `wÞYgyLx mylg XvjwewkÓ¡| Õ©vGb Õ©vGb ‰B mgf„wg DcZÅKv «¼viv KwZÆZ|

gnxGmvcvb (Continental Shelf)  evsjvG`Gki DcK„Gj eGãvcmvMGii gnxGmvcvGbi cÉkÕ¦Zv DGÍÏLGhvMÅ cwigvGY wewf®²| `wÞY DcK„Gj wniY cGq´Ÿ I ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvDG´£i (Swatch of no Ground) gGaÅ ‰wU 100 wKGjvwgUvGiiI Kg cÉkÕ¦, Avevi KÝevRvi DcK„Gji mÁÃyGL 250 wKGjvwgUvGiiI AwaK cÉkÕ¦| mgy`Ë AwfgyGL ‰es cwøg AwfgyGLi cjj wgwn I Aemvgyw`ËK (submarine) wMwiLvZ ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvDG´£i wbKGU meÆvwaK cyi‚Z½wewkÓ¡ K`ÆGgi mçqb NGUGQ| PëMÉvg I ˆUKbvd DcK„j AwfgyLx gnxGmvcvGbi AMfxi (20 wgUvGiiI Kg) Ask evwj «¼viv Ave†Z ‰es Av¯¦GRvqvifvUv ‰jvKvmgƒn myMwVZ evjygq mgy`ËZU cÉ`kÆb KGi ^vGK| Aciw`GK my±`ieb, cUzqvLvjx I ˆbvqvLvjx DcK„j AwfgyLx gnxGmvcvGbi `wÞY fvGMi AMfxiZi AskwU cwjKYv I K`Æg «¼viv Ave†Z ‰es DcK„jGiLv eivei ‰KwU weÕ¦xYÆ K`Ægvî× KUvj mgf„wg (muddy tidal flats) MGo DGVGQ| gnxGmvcvGbi ‰B AsGk AewÕ©Z wKQy wKQy g™²Piv (shoal) I evwji g™²wMwi (sand ridges) Aemvgyw`ËK wMwiLvZ ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvDG´£i w`GK mÁcÉmvwiZ|

ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvD´£  Mãv LvZ (Ganga Trough) bvGgI AwfwnZ| ‰i ZjG`k ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe mgZj hv 5 ˆ^GK 7 wKwg cÉkÕ¦ ‰es ‰i cÉvPximgƒn 12° ˆKvGY ˆnjvGbv| ˆmvcvGbi cÉv¯¦fvGM LvGZi MfxiZv cÉvq 1,200 wgUvi| mvMi AwfgyGL ‰B LvZ cÉvq 2,000 wKwg chƯ¦ AwewœQ®²fvGe weÕ¦‡Z nGqGQ| Mãv-eËþcyò e«¼xGci ˆgvnbvq evjyPiv ‰es Škjwkivmgƒn ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvDG´£i w`GK gyL KGi MGo DVGQ hv ˆ^GK ˆevSv hvq ˆh, b`xevwnZ cjjmgƒn ‰B LvGZi gaÅ w`Gq eGãvcmvMGii MfxiZi AsGk MwoGq coGQ| A^Ævr ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvD´£-‰i gvaÅGg eãxq Mfxi mgy`Ë Dce«¼xGc (Bengal Deep Sea Fan) cwjmg†«¬ ˆNvjvGU ˆmËvZ mieivn nGq ^vGK|

my±`v ˆUÇç (Sunda Trench)  Rvfv ˆUÇç bvGgI cwiwPZ| wbGKvei I Av±`vgvb «¼xccy髼q m†Ó¡ euvGKi cwøg cvGk¼Æ mgv¯¦ivj eivei ‰B ˆUÇç weÕZ‡Z nGqGQ| Dîi AwfgyGL ‰B ˆUÇç DcmvMGi 10° Dîi AÞvsk chƯ¦ weÕZ‡Z nGqGQ ‰es wngvjq ceÆZgvjvi cƒeÆmxgvi mGã hyî× nGqGQ| f„MvVwbKfvGe (tectonically) fviZxq ˆµÏU ‰es gvqvbgvi ˆµÏU«¼Gqi wgjbÕ©Gj ‰B ˆUÇç Drc®² nGqGQ|

bvBbwU BÕ¡ wiR (Ninety East Ridge)  Dîi-`wÞGY ˆgvUvgywU 90° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk eivei weÕZ‡Z fviZ gnvmvMGii ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Aeqe| eãxq Dce«¼xc (Bengal Fan) ‰es wbGKvei Dce«¼xGci (Nicobar Fan) gaÅeZÆx Õ©vGb my±`v ˆUÇGçi AwZ wbKU cÉvG¯¦ ‰wU AewÕ©Z| eGãvcmvMi MwVZ nIqvi cÉv^wgK KvGjB bvBbwU BÕ¡ wiR AwÕ¦Z½ jvf KGiGQ| ‰B ŠkjwkivwU ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ DúÕ©vGbi wPn×| ‰wU fviZxq ˆµÏU ‰es ‰i mGã mswkÏÓ¡ eGãvcmvMGii mvgyw`ËK f„Z½GKi Dfq w`GK gnxmçvGii (drift) mgq MwVZ nGqwQj|

‰BwU dvBf wiR (Eighty-five Ridge)  eGãvcmvMGi 85° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk eivei we`Ågvb ‰KwU Škjwkiv| Škjwkivi Dfq cvGk¼Æ 5 wKGjvwgUvGiiI AwaK cyi‚ cjj mwçZ nGqGQ| cjj «¼viv Ave†Z Škjwkivi ‰GKevGi wbKU cƒGeÆ AaÆevqe (subaerial) wbÓ•vkb cÅvUvGbÆi cÉavb ˆNvjvGU ˆmËvZwewkÓ¡ b`xLvZ AewÕ©Z|

eãxq Mfxi mgy`Ë Dce«¼xc (Bengal Deep Sea Fan)  weGk¼i `xNÆZg Aemvgyw`ËK Dce«¼xc eãxq Dce«¼xc (Bengal Fan) bvGgI cwiwPZ| cwøg cÉv¯¦xq Aã wbGKvei Dce«¼xc (Nicobar fan) mn ‰i ˆgvU AvqZb 3 × 106 eMÆ wKwg| eãxq Dce«¼xc 2,800 ˆ^GK 3,000 wKwg `xNÆ, 830 ˆ^GK 1,430 wKwg cÉkÕ¦ ‰es Dîi eGãvcmvMGii ZjG`Gk 16 wKGjvwgUvGiiI AwaK cyi‚| e«¼xcxq mÁÃyLLvZ ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvDG´£i gaÅ w`Gq cwjivwk ‰B Dce«¼xGc mwçZ nq| eãxq Mfxi mgy`Ë Dce«¼xcGK wZbwU AsGk wefî× Kiv hvq: DœPZi Dce«¼xc (upper fan), gaÅeZÆx Dce«¼xc (middle fan) ‰es wbÁ²Zi Dce«¼xc (lower fan)| BGqvwmb hyGM (5 ˆKvwU 80 jÞ ˆ^GK 3 ˆKvwU 70 jÞ eQi cƒGeÆ) cÉ^g Av¯¦tGµÏU msNGlÆi cwiYwZ wnGmGe cÉviwÁ¿K eãxq Dce«¼xGc `Ë‚ZMwZGZ Õ©jfvM ˆ^GK Avmv cjj mwçZ nGZ ^vGK hv eZÆgvb mgqKvGjI AeÅnZ iGqGQ|  [gvngy` Avjg]

ˆfŒGMvwjK ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn  cvwbZvwî½K AeÕ©v  eGãvcmvMGii c†Ó¤Zjxq cvwbZî½ gƒjZ ˆgŒmywg evqycÉevn «¼viv wbYÆxZ nq ‰es wKQy cwigvGY fviZ gnvmvMGii D¯Ãyî× AsGki cvwbZvwî½K ŠewkÓ¡Å «¼vivI wbqw¯¨Z nq| eGãvcmvMGi AvcwZZ b`xmgƒGni wgVv cvwb ev Õ¼v`ycvwb mvMGii DcK„jeZÆx DîivskGK eÅvcKfvGe cÉfvweZ KGi| evsjvG`Gki b`xmgƒn ˆ^GK evÓ·xfeb I ˆPvqvGbvRwbZ nËvm cÉf‡wZ ev` w`Gq eQGi 122 ˆKvwU 20 jÞ NbwgUvi Õ¼v`ycvwb mvMGi wMGq cwZZ nq| eGãvcmvMGii `wÞYvsk gnvmvMGii D¯Ãyî× AsGk AewÕ©Z nIqvq ‰LvbKvi Zvcgvòv, jeYvî×Zv ‰es cvwbi NbZ½ ˆgvUvgywU ‰KB cÉK‡wZi| eGãvcmvMGii DcK„jxq Açj ‰es Av±`vgvb mvMGii Dîi-cƒeÆ AsGk ˆhLvGb b`b`xi mieivnK‡Z cvwbi ZvrchÆcƒYÆ cÉfve we`Ågvb ˆmLvGb cvwbi Zvcgvòv I jeYvî×Zvq DcmvMGii D¯Ãyî× Ask AGcÞv wf®² ŠewkÓ¡Å cwijwÞZ nq| DcmvMGii `wÞYvsk ˆ^GK Avmv Ziã I DwgÆgvjv (ripples) cvwbi wgkÉGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq kwî× ˆhvMvq ‰es ‰B cÉwò×qv ivmvqwbK I ˆfŒZ àYvejxGZ mgZv AvbqGb mnvqZv KGi| AMfxi DcK„jxq AçGj ˆRvqvifvUvi wò×qvI AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ|

Zvcgvòv  eGãvcmvMGii cvwbivwki Ea»Æc†GÓ¤i Mo evwlÆK Zvcgvòv cÉvq 28° ˆm| mGeÆvœP Zvcgvòv ^vGK ˆg gvGm 30°ˆm ‰es meÆwbÁ² Zvcgvòv ^vGK Rvbyqvwi-ˆdeË‚qvwi gvGm 25°ˆm| ZGe Zvcgvòvi evwlÆK cv^ÆKÅ Lye ‰KUv ˆewk bq, DcmvMGii `wÞYvsGk gvò 2°ˆm ‰es DîivsGk 5°ˆm|

jeYvî×Zv  eGãvcmvMGii cvwbivwki DcGii AsGk jeYvî×Zv 32% nGZ 34.5% chƯ¦ IVvbvgv KGi ‰es DcK„jxq AçGj ‰i eÅvwµ¦ 10% ˆ^GK 25% chƯ¦| wK¯§ b`xi ˆgvnbvq cvwbivwki Ea»Æc†GÓ¤i jeYvî×Zv ^vGK gvò 5% wKsev Zvi ˆPGqI Kg| hw`I ˆKejgvò kxZKvGj b`xàGjvi cvwb ˆhvMvb ˆ`qv eÅvcKfvGe nËvm cvq, DcK„j ‰jvKvi cvwbivwk mviv eQiB ˆNvjvGU ^vGK| Mãv-eËþcyò e«¼xcxq DcK„Gj MÉxÓÃKvGj jeYvî×Zv KGg gvò 1%-ˆZ ˆbGg hvq ‰es kxZKvGj e†w«¬ ˆcGq Zv 15 ˆ^GK 20%-ˆZ ˆcuŒQvq| eGãvcmvMGii DcK„jxq Açj ˆ^GK D¯Ãyî× AsGki w`GK jeYvî×Zv e†w«¬ ˆcGZ ^vGK| Mãv, eËþcyò, BiveZx ‰es cƒeÆ fviZxq KGqKwU b`x ˆhgb, K‡úv, ˆMv`veix, KvGeix, gnvb`x cÉf‡wZi ˆgvnbv ‰jvKvq eGãvcmvMGii DcGii Õ¦Gii cvwbivwki jeYvî×Zv cÉwZw`b eÅvcKfvGe cwiewZÆZ nq| weGkl KGi, MÉxÓÃKvGj ‰B NUbv ˆewk NGU| e†wÓ¡cvZ ‰es b`xmgƒn ˆ^GK wbMÆZ cvwbivwki AvqZGbi IciI ˆgvnbv I DcK„jxq ‰jvKvq mvMiRGji jeYvî×Zvi cwieZÆb eüjvsGk wbfÆi KGi| mvMGi Õ¼v`ycvwbi cÉfve 200 ˆ^GK 300 wgUvi MfxiZv chƯ¦ cwijwÞZ nq| kxZKvGji Zzjbvq MÉxÓÃKvGj jeYvî×Zv DGÍÏLGhvMÅ cwigvGY Kg nGq ^vGK, weGkl KGi, DcmvMGii Dîi ‰es DîicƒeÆ AsGk| cÉv^wgK chÆvGq cvwbivwki Ea»Æc†Ó¤ ˆ^GK MfxiZv e†w«¬ cvIqvi mGã mGã jeYvî×Zvi nvi axi MwZGZ e†w«¬ ˆcGZ ^vGK| eGãvcmvMGi 200-300 wgUvi MfxiZv chƯ¦ ‰B gvòv nGœQ cÉvq 35%, 500 wgUvi MfxiZvq jeYvî×Zv 35.10% ev Zvi wKQy ˆewk| Avevi AwZ MfxiZvq jeYvî×Zv A͸ A͸ KGi KgGZ ^vGK; 1,000 wgUvi MfxiZvq jeYvî×Zv 34.95% ‰es 4,500 wgUvi MfxiZvq Zv 34.7%-ˆZ ˆcŒuGQ|

ˆRvqvifvUv  eGãvcmvMGi AaÆ-Avwn×K (semi-diurnal) aiGbi ˆRvqvifvUv msNwUZ nGq ^vGK, A^Ævr cÉwZ 24 N¥Ÿv 52 wgwbU mgqKvGj `yevi ˆRvqvi ‰es `yevi fvUv chÆvqò×Gg msNwUZ nq| ˆRvqvifvUvi Ici ZjG`Gki f„cÉK‡wZ ‰es DcK„Gji MVb cÉK‡wZi cÉfve jÞYxq| AMfxi ‰jvKv, DcmvMixq ‰jvKv ‰es ˆgvnbv ‰jvKvq ˆRvqvifvUv mGeÆvœP cwijwÞZ nq| ˆRvqvi ZiGãi Mo DœPZv kÉxjsKv DcK„Gj 0.7 wg ‰es MvGãq e«¼xc DcK„Gj 4.71 wg| eGãvcmvMGi KGqKwU b`xi gyGL ˆRvqvifvUv ˆmËvZ (tidal current) m†wÓ¡ nq, ˆhgb üMjx ‰es ˆgNbv b`x|

cvwbi eYÆ I Õ¼œQZv  eGãvcmvMGii D¯Ãyî× AsGki cvwbi eYÆ Mvp bxj ‰es DcK„Gji w`GK cvwbi eYÆ ò×gv¯¼Gq cwiewZÆZ nGq nvÍ•v bxj ˆ^GK meyRvf eGYÆi nGq ^vGK| cvwbi Õ¼œQZv hG^Ó¡, ˆKvb ˆKvb Õ©vGb 40 ˆ^GK 50 wgUvi MfxiZv chƯ¦ ˆ`Lv hvq| Mãv I eËþcyò b`xi ˆgvnbvq mxwgZ ‰jvKvq Kg Õ¼œQ Açj ‰es AZů¦ ˆNvjv cvwb cwijwÞZ nq|

mgy`Ëc†GÓ¤i FZzMZ cwieZÆb  ˆgŒmywg evqy cwieZÆb ‰es ˆmBmGã cvwbZvwî½K AbÅvbÅ ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn, ˆhgb mgy`ËRGji jeYvî×Zv, DúZv, cvwbi NbZ½ cÉf‡wZ mgy`Ëc†GÓ¤i FZzMZ cwieZÆGbi mGã NwbÓ¤fvGe mÁ·wKÆZ| weGk¼i meàGjv mgy`Ë ˆ^GK msM†nxZ Dcvî weGkÏlY KGi ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆh, eGãvcmvMGii mgy`Ëc†GÓ¤i FZzMZ cwieZÆGbi gGZv ‰Z eÅvcK cwieZÆb Avi ˆKvb mvMi gnvmvMGii ˆejvq ˆ`Lv hvq bv| ‰B cwieZÆb Z^v IVvbvgvi cwimxgv wLw`icyGi 166 ˆmwg, KjKvZvq 130 ˆmwg ‰es PëMÉvGg 118 ˆmwg| ZGe `wÞYcwøg DcK„Gji w`GK gv`ËvR I wekvLvcîGg mgy`Ëc†GÓ¤i FZzMZ cwieZÆb DcmvMGii Dîi I DîicƒeÆ DcK„Gji Zzjbvq AGbK Kg| eGãvcmvMGii Dîi I DîicƒeÆ DcK„Gj mgy`Ëc†GÓ¤i mGeÆvœP DœPZv cwijwÞZ nq `wÞYcwøg ˆgŒmywg  evqy cÉevnKvjxb mgGq, RyjvB ˆ^GK AGÙvei gvGm ‰es meÆwbÁ² DœPZv cwijwÞZ nq kxZKvGj, Rvbyqvwi ˆ^GK ˆdeË‚qvwi gvGm| fviGZi `wÞYcƒeÆ DcK„Gj DcmvMGii mgy`Ëc†GÓ¤i meÆwbÁ² cwieZÆGbi KviY nGœQ ˆfŒGMvwjK AeÕ©vb Z^v ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe Mfxi mgyG`Ëi mw®²KGU ‰B DcK„Gji AewÕ©wZ|

eGãvcmvMGii AbbÅ ˆfŒGMvwjK AeÕ©vGbi KviGY DcGii Õ¦Gi ZijxK‡Z cvwbivwk (diluted watermass) MVGbi cwiGek ŠZwi nGqGQ| ‰B ZijxK‡Z cvwbivwki cyi‚Z½ FZzGfG` kxZ I MÉxÓÃKvGj Kg ˆewk nGq ^vGK| MÉxÓÃKvGj ‰B cvwbivwki Mo cyi‚Z½ 300 wgUvi ‰es kxZKvGj Zv 200 ˆ^GK 250 wgUvi-‰ nËvm cvq| MÉxÓÃKvGj AZÅwaK e†wÓ¡cvZ ‰es b`xevwnZ cvwbi cÉvPzGhÆi KviGY ‰B AeÕ©v nGq ^vGK| eGãvcmvMGii DœP jeYvî×Zv wewkÓ¡ gaÅÕ¦Gii cvwbivwki DrcwîÕ©j nGœQ gƒjZ ˆjvwnZ mvMi ‰es cvimÅ DcmvMi| ‰B cvwbivwk eGãvcmvMGi cÉGeGki cƒGeÆ Avie mvMGii cvwbivwki mGã wgwkÉZ nq ‰es ‰KK DœPZi jeYvî× Õ¦i wnGmGe eGãvcmvMGi cÉGek KGi| eGãvcmvMGii Mfxi ZjG`Gki cvwbivwki ˆfŒZ ŠewkGÓ¡Å FZzMZ ˆZgb ˆKvb cwieZÆb msNwUZ nq bv|

mgy`ËGmËvZ  Rvbyqvwi ˆ^GK Ryb gvm chƯ¦ mgy`Ëc†GÓ¤i cvwb mvaviYZ Nwoi KuvUvi w`GK NyiGZ ^vGK| Aciw`GK, ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i ˆ^GK wWGmÁ¼i chƯ¦ ˆgŒmywg evqyi MwZcÉevn AbymvGi Nwoi KuvUvi DGΟv w`GK ˆNvGi| mgy`Ë cÉevn KLGbvB wÕ©i ^vGK bv, Dci¯§ ‰B cÉevn wbfÆi KGi evqyi kwî× I Õ©vwqGZ½i Ici| DchÆycwi KGqKw`b aGi cÉengvb kwî×kvjx evqycÉevn cvwb mçvjb nvGii Ici AZÅwaK cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGi| DîicƒeÆ AwfgyLx ˆmËvZ mvaviYZ kwî×kvjx `wÞYcwøg ˆgŒmywg evqyi cÉfvGei dGj AGbKw`b aGi ZxeË MwZGZ PjGZ ^vGK| eGãvcmvMGii cvwbivwki ài‚Z½cƒYÆ DÍÏÁ¼ mçvjb nGœQ cvwbi Ea»ÆcÉevn (upwelling)| ‰B cÉwò×qvq A¯¦tc†Ó¤xq (sub-surface) cvwbivwk mgy`Ëc†GÓ¤i w`GK cÉevwnZ nq, Avevi wecixZò×Gg cvwbivwki wbÁ²gyLx cÉwZÕ©vcbGK wbÁ²cÉevn (down-welling) ev Aebgb (sinking) cÉwò×qv ejv nq|

cvwbivwki Ea»ÆcÉevn I wbÁ²cÉevn FZzwfwîK ‰es ˆgŒmywg evqycÉevn «¼viv m†wÓ¡ nq, hv MÉxÓÃKvGj `wÞY-cwøg w`K ˆ^GK cÉevwnZ nq| AZtci kxZKvGj wecixZ w`K ˆ^GK A^Ævr Dîi-cƒeÆw`K ˆ^GK cÉevwnZ nq| ˆgŒmywg evqycÉevGni Õ©vwqZ½, weGkl KGi `wÞY-cwøg w`K ˆ^GK cÉevwnZ ˆgŒmywg evqycÉevn fviGZi cƒeÆ DcK„jfvGMi AwaKvsk Õ©vb RyGo cvwbi Ea»ÆcÉevn m†wÓ¡ KGi| ‰fvGe MÉxÓÃKvGj fviGZi cƒeÆ DcK„Gj cvwbi Ea»ÆcÉevn ‰es kxZKvGj wbÁ²cÉevn msNwUZ nq| Aciw`GK, eGãvcmvMGii cƒeÆvsk ‰es gvqvbgvGii DcK„Gj kxZKvGj cvwbi Ea»ÆcÉevn NGU ‰es MÉxÓÃKvGj wbÁ²cÉevn NGU| eGãvcmvMGii cvwbi Ea»Æ I wbÁ²cÉevn fviZ gnvmvMGii ˆmvgvjx cvwb cÉevn ev Dîi I `wÞY AvGgwiKvi DcK„Gji cvwb mçvjGbi gGZv `xNÆÕ©vqx I ZxeËZvmÁ·®² nq| ZGe mgyG`Ëi A^Æ‹bwZK myweav I mvgyw`ËK Lv`Å AvniGYi RbÅ eGãvcmvMGii cvwbivwki Ea»ÆcÉevn I wbÁ²cÉevn Zvi ivmvqwbK agÆ I RxeK„Gji Ici cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGi|  [myfvl P±`Ê `vm]

RxeZvwî½K ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn (Biological characteristics)  mgyG`Ë Dw«¿` I cÉvYx Dfq cÉKvi RxGei cÉRvwZi DcwÕ©wZ cÉavbZ mvgyw`ËK Rjivwki ˆfŒZ-ivmvqwbK ŠewkÓ¡Åvejx «¼viv wbqw¯¨Z nGq ^vGK| Õ©jf„wg ˆ^GK mgyG`Ë cwZZ b`b`xmgƒn cÉPzi cwigvGY cwj enb KGi AvGb hvi mGã we`Ågvb ^vGK cÉPzi cywÓ¡ Dcv`vb| ‰mKj cywÓ¡ Dcv`vbmg†«¬ cwjivwk ˆgvnbvi wbKUeZÆx ZUGiLv AçGj (near shore region) cÉavbZ mwçZ nGq ^vGK| cÉPzi cywÓ¡ Dcv`vGbi DcwÕ©wZi dGj eGãvcmvMGii ‰ ‰jvKv ‰KwU DeÆi mvgyw`ËK grmÅGÞGò cwiYZ nGqGQ| wbKU DcK„jeZÆx Ea»ÆcÉevn Açj ˆKejgvò AwaK cwigvGY cywÓ¡Ki eÕ§B Drc®² KGi bv, ˆmBmGã cÉPzi Dw«¿`KYv (phytoplankton) I ŠReKYv (zooplankton) Drcv`Gbi cÉv^wgK ˆÞò wnGmGeI f„wgKv cvjb KGi ^vGK|

grmÅGÞò  eGãvcmvMGii cvwbZvwî½K cwiGek AmsLÅ cÉRvwZi wPswo I gvGQi AbyK„j AvevmÕ©j| hw`I DcmvMGii meÆòB RjR cÉvYx weGkl KGi KuvKov, kvgyK RvZxq ˆQvU ˆQvU mvgyw`ËK cÉvYx, wSbyK, ˆkj, nvãi I grmÅ mÁ·` QwoGq ^vGK, ZGe wKQy wKQy weGkl Õ©vGb grmÅ NbZ½ AwaK nvGi eRvq ^vGK ˆh Õ©vbàwj ài‚Z½cƒYÆ grmÅGÞò wnGmGe weGewPZ| eGãvcmvMGi ‰ chƯ¦ PviwU grmÅGÞò kbvî× Kiv wMGqGQ| ‰àwj nGœQ `wÞGYi grmÅGÞò (south patches), `wÞGYi `wÞY grmÅGÞò (south of south patches), gaÅf„wg (middle ground) ‰es ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvD´£ grmÅGÞò|

`wÞGYi grmÅGÞò  91.30° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk ˆ^GK 92.10° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk ‰es 20.55° `wÞY AÞvsk ˆ^GK 21.52° `wÞY AÞvsk chƯ¦ weÕZ‡Z 3,662 eMÆ wKGjvwgUvi ‰jvKv| ‰B grmÅGÞGòi MfxiZv 10 wgUvi ˆ^GK 100 wgUvi, ZGe 90 fvM grmÅGÞòB 40 wgUvGiiI Kg Mfxi| ZjG`Gki cjj evjygq A^ev mvgvbÅ K`ÆgwgwkÉZ evjygq| PëMÉvg ‰es KÝevRvi ˆ^GK ‰B grmÅGÞGòi wbKUZg `ƒiZ½ h^vò×Gg 40 wKwg ‰es 10 wKwg| c†Ó¤fvGMi cvwbi jeYvî×Zv 26% ˆ^GK 32% chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK ‰es wbÁ²Õ¦Gii cvwbi jeYvî×Zv 30% ˆ^GK 35% chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK| cvwbi Zvcgvòv 20°ˆm ‰es 28°ˆm-‰i gGaÅ IVvbvgv KGi ^vGK|

`wÞGYi `wÞY grmÅGÞò  91.30° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk ˆ^GK 92.20° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk ‰es 20.15° `wÞY AÞvsk ˆ^GK 20.50° `wÞY AÞvsk chƯ¦ ˆfŒGMvwjK AeÕ©vGb AewÕ©Z| ˆUKbvd ˆ^GK ‰B grmÅGÞGòi wbKUZg `ƒiZ½ 5 wKwg| ˆgvU AvqZb 2,538 eMÆ wKGjvwgUvi ‰es MfxiZv 10 wgUvi ˆ^GK 100 wgUvi| ZGe 75 fvGMiI ˆewk ‰jvKv 40 wgUvGiiI AwaK Mfxi| ZjG`k evjygq A^ev K`ÆgwgwkÉZ evjygq| c†Ó¤fvGMi cvwbi jeYvî×Zv 18% ˆ^GK 34% chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK ‰es ZjG`Gki KvQvKvwQ cvwbi jeYvî×Zv 28% ˆ^GK 38% chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK| cvwbi Zvcgvòv 22°ˆm ˆ^GK 30°ˆm ‰i gGaÅ IVvbvgv KGi|

gaÅf„wg grmÅGÞò  90.20° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk ˆ^GK 91.30° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk ‰es 20.25° `wÞY AÞvsk ˆ^GK 21.20° `wÞY AÞvsk chƯ¦ ˆfŒGMvwjK AeÕ©vGb AewÕ©Z| ˆgvU AvqZb cÉvq 4,600 eMÆ wKGjvwgUvi| KÝevRvi ˆ^GK ‰B grmÅGÞGòi wbKUZg `ƒiZ½ cÉvq 65 wKGjvwgUvi| ˆgvU ‰jvKvi 70 fvGMi MfxiZv 40 wgUvGii AwaK| ‰LvbKvi ZjG`k big Kv`v A^ev K`Æg wgwkÉZ evjy «¼viv MwVZ| c†Ó¤fvGMi cvwbi jeYvî×Zv 22% ˆ^GK 34% chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK ‰es ZjG`Gki KvQvKvwQ cvwbi jeYvî×Zv 28% ˆ^GK 35% chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK| cvwbi Zvcgvòv 26°ˆm ˆ^GK 28°ˆm ‰i gGaÅ DVvbvgv KGi|

ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvD´£  89.35° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk ˆ^GK 90.10° cƒeÆ `ËvwNgvsk ‰es 20.55° `wÞY AÞvsk ˆ^GK 21.55° `wÞY AÞvsk chƯ¦ ˆfŒGMvwjK AeÕ©vGb AewÕ©Z| DcK„jeZÆx `yejviPi ‰es ˆmvbviPi ˆ^GK ‰B grmÅGÞòwU h^vò×Gg cÉvq 30 wKwg ‰es 40 wKwg `ƒGi AewÕ©Z| ˆgvU AvqZb cÉvq 3,800 eMÆ wKwg ‰es 70 fvM ‰jvKvi MfxiZv 40 wgUvGii AwaK| ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvDG´£ AewÕ©Z grmÅGÞGòi mvweÆK MfxiZv 10 wgUvi ˆ^GK 100 wgUvi chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK| ZjG`Gki cjj K`Æg wgwkÉZ cjj «¼viv MwVZ| c†Ó¤fvGMi cvwbi jeYvî×Zv 28% ˆ^GK 34% chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK ‰es ZjG`Gki KvQvKvwQ cvwbi jeYvî×Zv 30% ˆ^GK 35% chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK| cvwbi Zvcgvòv 24°ˆm ˆ^GK 30°ˆm-‰i gGaÅ IVvbvgv KGi|

eGãvcmvMGi AewÕ©Z ewYÆZ grmÅGÞòmgƒn gvQ ‰es wPswoi Dîg gRyZGÞò wnGmGe weGewPZ| ‰ mKj grmÅGÞò ˆ^GKB UÇjvi A^ev weGklvwqZ gvQ aivi ˆbŒKvi gvaÅGg evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ AwaKvsk cwiwPZ mvgyw`ËK grmÅ I wPswo AvniY Kiv nq| evwYwRÅK w`K ˆ^GK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ mvgyw`ËK wPswo I gvGQi cÉRvwZi gGaÅ iGqGQ evM`v wPswo (tiger shrimp), Kvi‚gv wPswo, ˆMvsiv gvQ (cat fish), jwZqv (Bombay duck), ˆPŒKv (snapper), dÑvD´£vi (flounder), jvØv (Indian salmon), ˆcvqv (crocker), i…cevb (seabream), ˆjBqv ˆcvqv (jawfish), wgDGjU (mullet), Pv±`v (pomfret), Qywi (ribbon fish), dvBmÅv (anchovy), Bwjk (hilsa), AGqj mviwWb (oil sardine), Uzbv (tuna), PvÁ·v (mackerel) ‰es wÕ•c RÅvK (skipjack)|  [ˆnvGmb Rvgvj]

`ƒlY  wewf®² aiGbi `ƒlK c`vG^Æi «¼viv evsjvG`Gki mvgyw`ËK cwiGek cÉZÅÞ A^ev cGivÞfvGe `ƒlGYi wkKvi nGq ^vGK| mgy`Ë DcK„Gj AewÕ©Z mvãy MÅvmGÞò ˆ^GK MÅvm Drcv`b ‰es KzZzew`qv DcK„jxq MÅvmGÞGòi AvweÓ•vGii DGóGkÅ mgy`ËeGÞ LwbR wbÓ•vkb I e†nr gvòvi LbbKvR cwiPvjbv, PëMÉvg I KÝevRvi ˆRjvi DcK„jeZÆx «¼xcmgƒGn mwçZ ŠmKZ evwj fvwi gwYK AvniY cÉf‡wZ KgÆKvGíi dGj eGãvcmvMGii cwiGek `ƒwlZ nGœQ| mgyG`Ëi cvwb `ƒlY ˆivaKG͸ DwÍÏwLZ KgÆKvímgƒn cwiPvjbvi mgq gvbmÁ·®² wbqgwewa AbymiY Kiv nGœQ bv| mvãy DcK„jxq MÅvmGÞòwU PëMÉvg gnvbMix ˆ^GK cÉvq 50 wKwg `wÞYcwøGg ‰es eGãvcmvMGii 10 wgUvi cvwbi wbGP AewÕ©Z| KzZzew`qv MÅvmGÞòwU PëMÉvg e±`Gii cÉvq 92 wKwg `wÞYcwøGg AewÕ©Z|

mvMGii eyGK ˆcGUÇvwjqvgevnx UÅvâvi PjvPj, e±`Gi ˆZj Lvjvm I ˆevSvBKiY cÉwò×qv ‰es ˆcGUÇvwjqvg cÉwò×qvRvZ KviLvbv mgƒn ˆ^GK wbMÆZ Ac`ËeÅ cÉf‡wZi gvaÅGg eGãvcmvMGi ˆcGUÇvwjqvgRwbZ `ƒlY NGU ^vGK| KYÆdzwj, c÷i I eywoMãv b`xi gvaÅGg eGãvcmvMGi cqtwbÓ•vkGbi dGj mvMGi ŠReivmvqwbK AwÝGRb Pvwn`v-weIwW (Biochemical Oxygen Demand/ BOD) AZÅwaK cwigvGY e†w«¬ cvq| eGãvcmvMGi weIwW-i ˆiKWÆ `ƒlY weÕ¦viGKB wbG`Æk KGi| AwaK¯§, evsjvG`Gki DcK„jxq AçGji cwiGek wk͸eRÆÅ, K‡wl AeGkl I KxUbvkK, AbÅvbÅ gvbexq KgÆKví, ˆhgb: wbweÆPvGi DcK„jxq ebvçj a»sm, DcK„jxq wPswo PvGli AcwiKw͸Z mÁcÉmviY cÉf‡wZ «¼viv ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nGœQ ‰es mvgwMÉK cÉwZGekMZ AebwZ mvwaZ nGœQ| gvòvwZwiî× grmÅ AvniY ‰es DcK„Gj grmÅ eRÅÆ wbGÞc eGãvcmvMGii mg†«¬ grmÅGÞòmgƒGni RbÅ ügwK nGq `uvwoGqGQ| mvMGii we`Ågvb grmÅGÞòmgƒGni h^vh^ eÅeÕ©vcbv ‰es bZzb bZzb grmÅGÞò Abym®¬vbB ˆKejgvò eGãvcmvMGii grmÅmÁ·` ˆ^GK wbqwgZ grmÅ AvniYGK wbwøZ KiGZ cvGi| Dci¯§ eGãvcmvMGii Ici IkvGbvMÉvwd MGelYv I gÅvãvwbRmn AbÅvbÅ LwbR mÁ·` Abym®¬vGbi KvR hG^Ó¡ cwigvGY nGœQ bv|  [wmdvZzj KvG`i ˆPŒayix]

AviI ˆ`Lyb  Rjevqy ; cÉvK‡wZK `yGhÆvM , ˆgŒmywg evqy |