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weG`kx wk͸x  weËwUk kvmb cÉwZÓ¤vi ci ivZvivwZ abx nIqvi AvKv›Þvq BsjÅv´£ I BDGivGci AbÅvbÅ ˆ`k ˆ^GK eü wk͸x fviGZ AvGm| KgcGÞ ‰gb 60 Rb wk͸xi mywbw`ÆÓ¡ DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq| ‰B wk͸xiv cÉavbZ wZbwU cÉGqvMixwZGZ KvR KiGZb| ˆmàwj nGjv: (1) KÅvbfvGm ˆZjis; (2) MR`G¯¦i Dci Þz`Ë wPòKjv (miniature paintings); (3) KvMGR Rjis I Zv ˆ^GK ‰bGMÉwÆfs (engraving) c«¬wZGZ gy`ËY| ˆZjis-‰i wPòwk͸xG`i wewkÓ¡ wk͸xiv nGjb wUwj ˆKU&j, Rb ˆRvdÅvwb, Av^Ævi ˆWwfm, Ugvm wnwK, dÌvw´ÖmGKv ˆivbvjw`, ievUÆ ˆnvg, DBwjqg wewP, gvkÆvj KÑÅvKmvb I ˆfGikÅvwMb| IwRm nvgGdÌ, RRÆ wPbvwi I mÅvi PvjÆm Wqjx wQGjb MR`G¯¦i Dci Þz`Ë wPòKjvKvi wewkÓ¡ wk͸x| DGÍÏLGhvMÅ ‰bGMÉfvi I gy`ËK wQGjb DBwjqg ˆnvGRm, eÅvΟ mjwf´Ö, ˆRgm ˆgvdvU, KjmIqvw`Æ MÉÅv´Ÿ, DBwjqg wmÁ·mb ‰es PvPv I övZzÓ·yò Ugvm I DBwjqg WÅvwbGqj| ‰Qvov AviI ˆek KGqKRb wPòwk͸x wQGjb| Zuviv Aemi KvUvGbvi RbÅ, mL I ˆKŒZ„njekZ Qwe AuvKGZb| ZuvG`i gGaÅ wewkÓ¡ wk͸xiv nGjb ˆRgm we ˆdÌRvi, DBwjqg wcÉG´Öc, ‰wgwj BGWb, gÅvWvg ˆejmb, wR.‰d AÅvUwKbmb cÉgyL| Rb ˆRvdÅvwbmn AviI KGqKRb wk͸x Qvov ˆewkifvM wk͸xB wQGjb gaÅg ˆgav I LÅvwZi AwaKvix| hw`I ZuvG`i wPòKjvi b±`bZvwî½K ZvrchÆ Lye ˆewk bq, ZeyI Zuviv AvVvGiv I Dwbk kZGK evsjvi Rxeb I cÉK‡wZGK wPòKjvq aGi ivLvi eÅvcvGi eo iKGgi Ae`vb ˆiGLGQb| ZuvG`i H KvRàwj AZů¦ mRxe, cÉvYe¯¦ I Õ¼vfvweK| dGj ‰i gvGS wPòàwji ‰K myMfxi HwZnvwmK ZvrchÆ iGqGQ|

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KvjxNvU cUwPò  KjKvZvi KvjxNvU gw±`Gii Avkcvk ‰jvKvq AvVvGiv kZGKi ˆklfvM I ˆMvUv Dwbk kZGK wPòKjvi ˆÞGò AvGiKwU Õ©vbxq aviv cÉPwjZ wQj| ‰B wk͸ixwZwU ‰Lb KvjxNvU cUwPò bvGg cwiwPwZ jvf KGiGQ| JcwbGewkK kvmGbi dGj MÉvgevsjvi RbRxeGbi fvimvgÅ webÓ¡ nq| MuvGqi cUzqviv ZvG`i RxweKvi Dcvq nvivGZ ^vGK| ‰i dGj KjKvZvi KvQvKvwQ Açjàwj ˆ^GK cÉavbZ 24 ciMbv, nvIov I ˆgw`bxcyi ˆRjvi Açjàwj ˆ^GK cUzqviv KvjxNvU gw±`Gii AvGkcvGk ‰Gm fxo RgvGZ ^vGK ‰es mÕ¦v KvMGR I Õ©vbxqfvGe Drcvw`Z Rjis-‰ ˆ`eG`exi Qwe ‰uGK ˆmàwj fî× I Zx^ÆhvòxG`i KvGQ wewò× KiGZ ^vGK| mÕ¦v `vGgi ‰B cUwPòàwj `vi‚Y RbwcÉqZv jvf KGi| ˆMvovi w`GK cUzqviv mbvZb agÆxq welqeÕ§ AejÁ¼GbB Qwe AuvKZ| ZGe kni-bMi RxeGbi msÕ·GkÆ Avmvi ci Zviv mgmvgwqK I ˆjvKvqZ welqeÕ§ AejÁ¼GbI cGUi Qwe AuvKv ÷i‚ KGi| ‰fvGe BsGiR mvGneG`i RxeGbi bvbv welq ‰es KjKvZvi eveyG`i RxebGK wbGq ZuvG`i AuvKv cUwPòàwj AviI ˆewk RbwcÉq nGq IGV| cUzqviv ZuvG`i wPòKGgÆ AmvaviY imGevGai cwiPq w`Gq bMiRxeGbi bvbv AmãwZ ZzGj aGi| mywbw`ÆÓ¡fvGeB ejv hvq, ˆjvKchÆvGq cyZzj bvP I Þz`ËvKvi bvbv gƒwZÆ (statuettes) ˆ^GKB KvjxNvU cUwPGòi AbyGcÉiYv ‰GmwQj| cUzqvG`i mvejxj ZiãvwqZ avivq ˆewiGq Avmv Zzwji AuvPGoi ˆmŒ±`hÆ, weGkl KGi ‰KUv mymãwZ I gvayhÆ Avbvi ˆKŒkj, weÕÃqKi chÆGeÞY ÞgZv, mvijÅ I gvòvævb KvjxNvU cUwPGòi RbÅ eo iKGgi myLÅvwZ wbGq AvGm|

cvøvZÅ avivi wPòKjvi Škjx  1839 mvGj KjKvZvq ‘ˆgKvwbKÅvj BbwÕ¡wUDU’ cÉwZÓ¤vi gaÅ w`Gq fviGZ Pvi‚ I Kvi‚Kjv wkÞvi hvòv ÷i‚ nq, hw`I h^v^Æ AG^Æ ‰ wkÞvi ÷i‚ nGqGQ 1864 mvGj ‘KÅvjKvUv Õ•zj Ae B´£vwÕ¡Ëqvj AvGUÆi’ cÉwZÓ¤vi mvG^ mvG^| ‰B cÉwZÓ¤vbwU cieZÆxKvGj ‘MfbÆGg´Ÿ Õ•zj Ae AvUÆ’-‰ cwiYZ nq| BDGivcxq wk͸Kjvi cÉGqvMc«¬wZ I ˆKŒkGj `Þ ‰K eo AvKvGii fviZxq wkw͸GMvÓ¤x fviGZ be cÉRG¯Ãi wk͸xG`i RbÅ cw^K‡GZi f„wgKv cvjb KGi| ‰GÞGò ˆMvovi w`GK hyGMi meÆvGcÞv wewkÓ¡ wk͸xG`i `yRb nGjb A®²`vcÉmv` evMPx I kÅvgvPiY kÉxgvbx | Dwbk kZGKi AvGiKRb wPòKi nGjb evgvPiY eÅvbvRÆx| wZwb ˆZjis gvaÅg eÅenvi KGi fviZxq AwZK^vi DcvLÅvGb ewYÆZ `†kÅàwj Aâb KGib ‰es ˆmàwj RvgÆvwb ˆ^GK gy`ËGYi eÅeÕ©v KGib| ‰i wKQyKvj cGi wk͸x wnGmGe AwaKZi LÅvZ ˆKivjvi iwe egÆv, ˆivwnYxKv¯¦ bvM I kkxKzgvi ˆnk wQGjb cÉ^g wZb fviZxq, huviv wk͸Kjvq DœPZi wkÞvi RbÅ BZvwj hvb| BsjÅv´£ I RvgÆvwbGZ ˆnk ‰KRb wewkÓ¡ wPòwk͸x wnGmGe LÅvwZ I cÉwZÓ¤v ARÆb KGib| H kZGKi ˆkl bvMv` wk͸Kjvi ˆÞGò cybRÆvMiYev`x Škjxi AfzÅ`q I Zvi eÅvcK RbwcÉqZv mGî½I cvøvGZÅi cÉK‡wZev`x (naturalist) wk͸‹kjx wPòKjvi ˆÞGò AbÅZg cÉavb aviv wnGmGe AwÕ¦Z½ iÞvq mg^Æ nq| eü weLÅvZ wk͸x wek kZGKi cÉ^gvGaÆ AZů¦ mwò×qfvGe ZuvG`i wk͸mvabvq wbGqvwRZ ^vGKb| ZuvG`i gGaÅ wewkÓ¡ wk͸xiv nGjb hvwgbxcÉmv` Mvãyjx, cÉnÐv` KgÆKvi I ˆ`excÉmv` ivqGPŒayix |

Aebx±`Êbv^ I evsjvi wk͸KjvixwZ  fviZ-wkG͸i AbyivMx I cÉPviK  B.we nÅvGfj 1896 mvGj KÅvjKvUv AvUÆ Õ•zj-‰i AaÅÞ cG` wbhyî× nb| 1905 mvGj nÅvGfj Zuvi Õ•zGji DcvaÅÞ cG` ˆhvM ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ Aebx±`Êbv^ VvKzi ˆK mÁÃZ Kivb| ‰ici Zuviv `yRGb wgGj ZuvG`i H wkÞvcÉwZÓ¤vGb wk͸Kjvi HwZnÅevnx fviZxq cÉGqvMixwZi cÉeZÆb KGib| b±`jvj emy , myGi±`Êbv^ Ki, AwmZKzgvi nvj`vi , ˆK ˆfâUvµ¸v, mgGi±`Êbv^ ൦, wÞZx±`Êbv^ gRyg`vi, ŠkGj±`Êbv^ ˆ` cÉgyL Aebx±`ÊbvG^i wklÅ wnGmGe Zuvi mvG^ ˆhvM ˆ`b ‰es ‰K bZzb Škjxi cybRÆvMiYev`x wPòKjvixwZ cÉeZÆGb ZuvGK mnvqZv KGib| H mgGq PjwQj RvZxqZvev`x ˆPZbvi ˆRvqvi| dGj ZuvG`i cÉewZÆZ ‰B wk͸ixwZ wecyj RbwcÉqZv ARÆb KGi ‰es ˆMvUv fviZeGlÆ QwoGq cGo| evÕ¦weKcGÞ evsjvi ‰B wPòKjv-ixwZB wQj AvaywbK fviGZi cÉ^g Õ¼xK‡Z wk͸‹kjx|

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H mgGq ˆjvKwk͸Kjvi mÁ¿vebv I àYMZ DrKlÆ mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc DGcwÞZ bv nGjI hvwgbx ivGqi AvGM ˆKDB ˆjvKwk͸Kjvi Dcv`vbGK wk͸Kjvi cÉavb avivq cÉGqvGMi K^v fvGeb wb| ‰gwb KGi 1921 mvGj cÉK‡wZev`x wPòvâb‹kjx wemRÆb w`Gq ‰es evsjvi ˆjvKwk͸Kjv ˆ^GK AbyGcÉiYv MÉnY KGi hvwgbx ivq AvaywbK fviZxq wPòKjvq ˆh bZzb mÁ¿vebvi «¼vi D`&NvUb KGib, ‰i AvGM Avi ˆKD Zv KGib wb| wZwb wògvwòK     (tri-dimensional) mãwZ cÉGqvM, ˆcÉÞvcU, AvGjv I Qvqv, hv cvøvZÅ cÉK‡wZev`x wk͸Kjvi Dcv`vb, ˆmme ˆQGo XvjvI iGOi w«¼gvwòK dgÆÅvU I ˆjvK-HwZGnÅi mvejxj ZiãvwqZ i…cGiLvi c«¬wZ ˆeGQ ˆbb| ˆjvK-fveavivi gaÅ ˆ^GK wZwb ‰K AwaKZi mƒß, mycwikxwjZ I mymgém wPòKjvi R¯Ã ˆ`b, hvi gvGS AwfeÅî× nq ‰K bZzb aiGbi mij ˆmŒ±`hÆ| hyMcr ‰K aiGbi fviZxqZ½I ZvGZ eRvq ^vGK|

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