বীয় পােদিশক কংেগস

eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉm fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉGmi kvLv msMVb| ‰wU 1920 mvGj cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi cÉ^g ˆbZv wQGjb wPîiéb `vk | 1919 mvGji Bw´£qv AÅvGÙ wbeÆvwPZ KvDw´ÖGj ˆhvM`vGbi ˆÞGò Mv®¬xi ‘eRÆb bxwZi’ weGivwaZv KGi wZwb 1923 mvGj Õ¼ivR cvwUÆ MVb KGib| 1926 mvGj wPîiéb `vGki g†ZzÅi ci Zuvi `yB mnGhvMx hZx±`ÊGgvnb ˆmbàµ¦ I myfvlP±`Ê emyi ˆbZ‡GZ½ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉm ‰K gvivZÄK fvOGb w«¼avwefî× nGq cGo| hZx±`ÊGgvnb ˆmbàµ¦ DœPeGYÆi wn±`yG`i Õ¼vG^Æi cÉwZwbwaZ½ KiGZb, Avi myfvlP±`Ê emy Zuvi ivRbxwZGZ eãxq KsGMÉGmi ivR‹bwZK eÅeÕ‰es KjKvZv ˆcŒi KGcÆvGikGbi gGZv Õ©vbxq Õ¼kvwmZ cÉwZÓ¤vGb wPîiéb `vGki wn±`y-gymjgvb HGKÅi avivGKB AeÅvnZ ivLGZ ˆPGqwQGjb| hZx±`ÊGgvnb ˆmbàµ¦ Mv®¬xi cƒYÆ mg^Æb I mnGhvwMZvi myevG` eãxq KsGMÉGmi mfvcwZ wbeÆvwPZ nb| AbÅw`GK evsjvq hyMv¯¦i I Abykxjb mwgwZ bvGg `ywU RvZxq weµÏex `j MwVZ nq| eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGm ‰ `j `ywUi cÉfve wQj ‰es 1928 mvj chÆ¯¦ Zviv myfvl emyGK mg^Æb w`GqGQ| Zvici hyMv¯¦i emyGK mg^Æb KGi ˆMGjI Abykxjb mwgwZ ˆmbàµ¦GK mg^Æb KiZ| ‰ `ywU `j QvovI eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGm gymwjg I KwgDwbÕ¡ mn AviI KGqKwU Dc`j wQj|

wòGki `kGK fviZxq KwgDwbÕ¡ cvwUÆ wf®² bvGg eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi gGaÅ ˆ^GKB KvhÆò×g PvjvZ| ZrKvGj ewâg gyLvRÆx, weRq ˆgv`K, webq ˆPŒayix I AbÅvbÅ KwgDwbÕ¡ ˆbZv KsGMÉGmi gGaÅ mwò×q wQGjb| myfvlP±`Ê emy eãxq KsGMÉGmi gGaÅ ‰KwU MYZvw¯¨K ˆgvPÆv MVb KiGj cÉwZ«¼±«¼x `ywU Dc`Gji gGaÅ weGiva ZxeËZi nGq IGV| wòGki `kGK hyMv¯¦i `j eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi KvhÆwbeÆvnx KwgwU wbq¯¨Y KiZ| wK¯§ ‰ mgq emy Kvivew±` nGj `Gji wbq¯¨Y evsjvi ivRbxwZi ‘cçcÉavb’ wbgÆjP±`Ê P±`i, bwjbxiéb miKvi, Zzjmx PiY ˆMvÕ¼vgx, Wv. weavbP±`Ê ivq I kirP±`Ê emyi (myfvlPG±`Êi AMÉR) nvGZ PGj hvq| wPîiéb `vGki m†Ó¡ ‰B ‘cçcÉavb’ ivRbxwZGZ myfvl emyi evgGNulv ivR‹bwZK `†wÓ¡fwãi cÉwZ ZZUv AvÕ©vkxj wQGjb bv| emyi AbycwÕ©GZGZ ‘cçcÉavb’, weGklZ weavbP±`Ê ivq I bwjbxiéb miKvi eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi Ici KvhÆKi wbq¯¨Y cÉwZÓ¤v KGib; djZ hyMv¯¦i MÉ‚c ˆbcG^Å AcmvwiZ nq| ZvQvov ‘cçcÉavb’ ˆmbàµ¦i Abykxjb Dc`GjiI weGivwaZv KGib| KjKvZv ˆcŒi KGcÆvGikGb gymwjg cÉwZwbwaGZ½i cÉGk² A¯¦`Æjxq ˆKv±`Gj wjµ¦ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi ˆbZviv RvZxq KsGMÉGmi ˆK±`Êxq ˆbZ‡GZ½i weivMfvRb nb|

eãxq KsGMÉGmi AfÅ¯¦ixY ZxeË `jv`wj hyMv¯¦i `Gji ˆbZ‡eMÆ I cçcÉavGbi my`†p e®¬Gb dvUj aivq ‰es djZ `ywU `jB BwZevPK ivR‹bwZK aviv AbymiGY eÅ^Æ nq| `Gji gGaÅ Mv®¬xi Abymvixi msLÅv bMYÅ ^vKvq evsjvi ivRbxwZGZ Mv®¬xi AeÕ©vb wQj LyeB `yeÆj| 1930 mvGj AvBb AgvbÅ AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ nGj ‰i cƒeÆ chÆ¯¦ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉm ˆh ‰KwU HKÅe«¬ ivR‹bwZK µÏvUdgÆ wQj Zvi wejywµ¦ NGU|

ˆmbàµ¦-Abykxjb Dc`j eãxq AvBb AgvbÅ cwil` bvGg ‰KwU wbRÕ¼ ˆdvivg MVb KGi| eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGm RvZxq Õ¼vG^Æi cwieGZÆ ZZw`Gb AçjcÉxwZ I Dc`jxq Õ¼vG^Æi AbycÉGek NGU ‰es dGj Zv gymjgvb I wbÁ²eGYÆi wn±`yG`i mg^Æb nvivq| 1935 mvGji fviZkvmb AvBGbi AvIZvq 1937 mvGji cÉvG`wkK AvBbmfvi wbeÆvPGbi ci evsjvi K‡lKKzGji RbwcÉq ˆbZv dRjyj nK Zuvi K‡lK-cÉRv cvwUÆ I KsGMÉGmi ˆKvqvwjkb gw¯¨mfv MVGbi cÉÕ¦ve ˆ`b| wK¯§ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉm ˆbZ‡e†±` dRjyj nGKi K‡lK-cÉRv `Gji mGã ˆKvqvwjkb MVGb fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉGmi AbyGgv`b Av`vGq eÅ^Æ nb|

1939 mvGj wòcyix AwaGekGbi ci Mv®¬x I Zuvi Wvbc¯©x mnGhvMxG`i AmnGhvwMZv I Aweivg weGivwaZvi KviGY myfvlP±`Ê c`ZÅvGM evaÅ nb ‰es eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGm Avevi `jv`wj `vbv euvaGZ ^vGK| fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉGmi mfvcwZ c` ˆ^GK c`ZÅvGMi ci emy eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi mfvcwZ wnGmGe cybivq KvR ÷i‚ KGib ‰es AwPGiB fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉGmi bZzb KvhÆwbeÆvnx KwgwUi mGã «¼G±«¼ RwoGq cGob| AZtci wZwb wZb eQGii RbÅ eiLvÕ¦ nb ‰es ‰ mgqKvGj KsGMÉGmi ˆhGKvb cG` wbeÆvwPZ nIqviI ˆhvMÅZv nvivb| emyi mfvcwZGZ½ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉm AekÅ ‘Õ©wMZ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉm’ wnGmGe myGi±`ÊGgvnb ˆNvGli mfvcwZGZ½ ‘wbqwgZ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi’ mgv¯¦ivj cÉwZÓ¤vb wnGmGe KvR PvjvZ| myfvlP±`Ê emy AeGkGl fviZxq RvZxq KsGMÉm cwiZÅvM KGi diIqvWÆ eÐK MVb KGib| eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi mÁ·ƒYÆ wbq¯¨Y ZLb myGi±`ÊGgvnb ˆNvl, Wv. cÉdzÍÏ P±`Ê ˆNvl cÉgyL Mv®¬xfî× ˆbZvG`i Kivqî nq| LGM±`Êbv^ `vkàµ¦, ˆRÅvwZlP±`Ê ˆNvl, ivGR±`Êbv^ ˆ`e, AvdmviDwób Avng` ˆPŒayix cÉgyGLi ˆbZ‡GZ½ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉm 1942 mvj chÆ¯¦ mwò×q wQj| 1942-1945 mvj chÆ¯¦ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi ˆKvb AwÕ¦Z½ wQj bv, ˆKbbv wbqwgZ I Õ©wMZ Dfq KwgwUB ˆfGã ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj| PwÍÏGki `kGKi gvSvgvwS evsjvi ivRbxwZGZ gymwjg jxGMi ò×geaÆgvb kwî× ˆgvKvwejvq eãxq KsGMÉGmi f„wgKv wQj ‰Kv¯¦B AKvhÆKi| 1945 mvGj w«¼Zxq wek¼hy«¬ ˆkGl mKj KsGMÉmGbZv ˆRj ˆ^GK gywî×jvf KGib| kirP±`Ê emy 1945 mvGji ˆkl I 1946 mvGji ÷i‚GZ AbywÓ¤Z cÉvG`wkK I ˆK±`Êxq AvBbmfv wbeÆvPGb cÉwZGhvwMZvi RbÅ ‰KK HKÅe«¬ eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉm MVGbi DG`ÅvM MÉnY KGib| bZzb KwgwUi A¯¦fzÆî× wQGjb kirP±`Ê emy, ˆng¯¦Kzgvi emy, AvdmviDwób Avng` ˆPŒayix, Wv. wc.wm ˆNvl I myGi±`ÊGgvnb ˆNvl|

1947 mvGji ˆg gvGm fviZ wefvM hLb KvhÆZ mywbwøZ, ZLb eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi kirP±`Ê emy ‰es gymwjg jxGMi evsjv kvLvi ‰BP.‰m ˆmvnivIqv`Æx fviZ I cvwKÕ¦vb ˆ^GK Avjv`v ‰KwU Awefî× Õ¼vaxb mveÆGfŒg evsjvivÓ¡Ë MVGbi cwiKÍ¸bv MÉnY KGib| wK¯§ KsGMÉm I gymwjg jxGMi ˆK±`Êxq ˆbZ‡Z½ cwiKÍ¸bvwU AMÉvnÅ KGi| ÞgZv nÕ¦v¯¦Gii cÉvØvGj eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi wbq¯¨Y myGi±`ÊGgvnb ˆNvl, cÉdzÍÏ P±`Ê ˆmb, AZzjÅ ˆNvl I axGi±`Ê bv^ gyLvRÆxi ˆbZ‡Z½vaxb weKvkgvb ‘üMjx MÉ‚c’-‰i Kivqî nq| evsjvi KvhÆwbeÆvnx KwgwUi ‰Kgvò m`mÅ Wv. cÉdzÍÏ P±`Ê ˆNvl ZLb KsGMÉm msm`xq `Gji ˆbZv ‰es 1947 mvGj cwøgeGãi cÉ^g gyLÅg¯¨x wbeÆvwPZ nb| [AGkvK Kzgvi gyGLvcvaÅvq]