eãvj   mÁ¿eZ cÉvPxb evsjvi mycwiwPZ ˆfŒGMvwjK ‰KK eã-‰i Ask| DœPviYMZ w`K ˆ^GK eã-‰i mGã cÉvq Awf®² eãvj-‰i meÆcÉ^g DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq ivÓ¡ËK„U ivRv Z‡Zxq ˆMvweG±`i ˆbmvwi ZvgËkvmGb (wLË. 805)| ‰LvGb mgmvgwqK cvj ivRv agÆcvj ˆK eãvj-‰i ivRv wnGmGe DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ| wZi‚gyjvB wjwcGZ DGÍÏL iGqGQ ˆh, ivRv ivGR±`Ê ˆPvj 1021-24 wLËÓ¡vGõ evsjvq hy«¬vwfhvb cwiPvjbv KGib ‰es H cÉmGã eãvjG`k-‰i ivRv ˆMvwe±` PG±`Êi bvg DwÍÏwLZ nGqGQ| eãvjG`k mÁ·GKÆ ejv nGqGQ ˆmG`Gk e†wÓ¡-ev`j KLGbvB ^vGg bv| evsjvi AbÅvbÅ ˆfŒGMvwjK ‰KGKi (`ífzwî×, Dîi-ivp ‰es `wÞY-ivp) mGã ˆhfvGe eãvj-‰i DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ, Zv ˆ^GK gGb nq ˆh, fvMxi^xi cƒeÆcvGk¼ÆB ‰B f„Lí AewÕ©Z ‰es eã I mgZGUi P±`Ê ivResGki Aaxb wQj|

«¼v`k ˆ^GK PZz`Æk wLËÓ¡vGõi AGbK wjwc I mvwnwZÅK iPbvi gGaÅ eãvj-‰i DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq| PhÆvPhÆwewbøq MÉG¯© fzmyK cv’i ‰KwU ˆkÏvGK (wLË. «¼v`k/ òGqv`k kZvõx) ‘eã’ ‰es ‘eãvwj’ DfGqiB DGÍÏL AvGQ| WvKvYÆe-‰ (wLË. «¼v`k kZvõx) eãvj I nwiGKj-‰i DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq| bqP±`Ê mywi-i nvwÁÃiKvGeÅ (wLË. cç`k kZvõx) eã I eãvj-ˆK `yBwU c†^K ˆfŒGMvwjK mîv wnGmGe DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ| jvgv Zvibv^ fãvj (eãvj bq)-ˆK ivp I eGi±`Ê nGZ mÁ·ƒYÆ c†^K eGj DGÍÏL KGiGQb| gvwbKP±`Ê ivRvi MvGb (mÁ¿eZ wLË. mµ¦`k I AÓ¡v`k kZvõx) ‰KwU cÉPwjZ Kwj nGjv ‘fvwU nBGZ AvBj evãvj jÁ¼v jÁ¼v `vwo’ - ‰LvGb eãvjGK fvwU AçGji ‰KwU ‰jvKv wnGmGe DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ, hv Mãv-ˆgvnbvi cvGoi MvGãq e-«¼xGci wbPz mgZjf„wgGKB ˆevSvq|

‰me wjwc I mvwnwZÅK mƒò eãvj-‰i AeÕ©vb mÁ·GKÆ ˆhgb cwiÓ•vi ˆKvb aviYv ˆ`q bv, ˆZgwb cGivÞfvGe ‰wU mgMÉ eã, bvwK ‰i ‰KwU Ask wQj, ˆm mÁ·GKÆI ˆKvb wm«¬v¯¦ ˆ`q bv|

Aveyj dRj (wLË. ˆlvok kZvõx) Zuvi ‘evãvj’- (‘eã’+Avj) bvGgi eÅvLÅvq eã-‰i mvG^ eãvj-ˆK Awf®² weGePbv KGiGQb| AvaywbK MGelK wW.wm. miKvi eãvj kõwUi DrcwîGZ eã-‰i mvG^ cÉvK‡Z cÉZÅq ‘Avj’ ˆhvM KGiGQb, KviY Zuvi gGZ eãvj wQj eGãi ‰KwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Ask/ˆRjv| wMÉqvimb gZ cÉKvk KGiGQb ˆh, eãvj ‰GmGQ ‘eã+Avjq’ ˆ^GK ‰es eãG`i evmf„wg AG^Æ| myKzgvi ˆmb eGjb, eãvj ‰GmGQ eãcvj ˆ^GK (eGã emevmKvix RbGMvÓ¤x)| ZGe eãvj bvGgi D«¿Gei ˆKvb eÅvLÅvwU mwVK ˆm welGq wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbIqv mÁ¿e bq|

ZGe ‰Uv cÉgvwYZ ˆh, wewf®² DrGm eã I eãvj wbweÆPvGi eÅen…Z nGqGQ| KLbI KLbI ‰KB mvG^ ‰G`i DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ| `wÞY fviGZ eãvj kõwU cÉ^g Pvjy nq| `wÞY fviGZi DrKxYÆ wjwc ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq ˆh, eãvj kõwU eÅen…Z nGZv eã ‰jvKv AG^Æ, eGãi A¯¦fÆyî× ˆKvb c†^K BDwbU wnGmGe bq| hw`I AGbK cwíZ gGb KGib, (ˆhgb: Avi.wm gRyg`vi) ‘eãvj’ eã ˆ^GKB D«¿„Z, mÁ¿eZ ‘eãvj’ eGãiB AskweGkl hv eGãi mgy`Ë DcK„jeZÆx AçGj (`wÞY I `wÞY-cƒeÆ AsGk) AewÕ©Z wQj| 

[Ave`yj gwgb ˆPŒayix]

Mɯ©cwé  DC Sircar, Studies in the geography of Ancient and Medieval India, Delhi, 1971; RC Majumdar, History of Ancient Bengal, Calcutta, 1974 (Reprint); Amitabh Bhattacharyya, Historical Geography of Ancient and Early Mediaeval Bengal, Calcutta, 1977.