eãe®¬z hgybv eügyLx ˆmZz   evsjvG`k I `wÞY ‰wkqvi `xNÆZg ‰es weGk¼i 11Zg `xNÆ ˆmZz| 1998 mvGji Ryb gvGm ‰wU DG«¼vab Kiv nq| evsjvG`Gki 3wU eo b`xi gGaÅ meGPGq e†nîg ‰es cvwb wbMÆgGbi w`K ˆ^GK weGk¼i cçg e†nr b`x hgybvi Dci ‰wU wbwgÆZ nGqGQ| evsjvG`Gki cÉwZÓ¤vZv eãe®¬z ˆkL gywReyi ingvb ‰i bvgvbymvGi ˆmZzwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq| eãe®¬z ˆmZz evsjvG`Gki cƒeÆvçj I cwøgvçGji gGaÅ msGhvM Õ©vcb KGi `yB AskGK ‰KwòZ KGiGQ| ‰B ˆmZz wbgÆvGYi dGj RbMY eüfvGe jvfevb nGœQ ‰es ‰wU Av¯¦tAvçwjK eÅemvq I Av^Æ-mvgvwRK D®²qGb ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Ae`vb ivLGQ| moK I ˆijcG^ `Ë‚Z hvòx I gvjvgvj cwienY QvovI ‰B ˆmZz we`yÅr I cÉvK‡wZK MÅvm mçvjb ‰es ˆUwjGhvMvGhvM mgw¯¼Z Kivi AcƒeÆ myGhvM KGi w`GqGQ| UvãvBj ˆ^GK wmivRMé chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z ‰B ˆmZz ‰kxq gnvmoK I Av¯¦t‰kxq ˆijcG^i Dci AewÕ©Z| ‰ `ywU msGhvMcG^i KvR mÁ·®² nGj `wÞY-cƒeÆ ‰wkqv ˆ^GK Dîi-cwøg BDGivc chƯ¦ AwewœQ®² Av¯¦RÆvwZK moK I ˆijmsGhvM Õ©vwcZ nGe|

ˆmZzwU wbgÆvGY ˆgvU LiP nq 962 wgwjqb gvwKÆb Wjvi| AvBwW‰, ‰wWwe, RvcvGbi IBwm‰dcÉGZÅGK 22 kZvsk cwigvY Znwej mieivn KGi ‰es evwK 34 kZvsk eÅq enb KGi evsjvG`k| ˆmZzwUi Š`NÆÅ 4.8 wKGjvwgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 18.5 wgUvi|

hgybv b`xi cÉavb PÅvGbGji cÉÕ© 3.5 wKGjvwgUvGii ˆewk bq| ‰B welqwU gv^vq ˆiGL ‰es ebÅvRwbZ KviGYi RbÅ AviI wKQyUv cÉkÕ¦Zv evwoGq 5 wKGjvwgUvi Š`GNÆÅi ‰KwU ˆmZz hG^Ó¡ eGj weGePbv Kiv nq| ˆfŒZ AeKvVvGgvi KvR ÷i‚ Kivi ‰K eQi ci 1995 mvGji AGÙvei gvGm ˆmZzwUi gƒj Ask 4.8 wKGjvwgUvi aGi P„ov¯¦ cÉK͸ AbyGgvw`Z nq|
	eãe®¬z hgybv eügyLx ˆmZz

hw`I ebÅvq b`x 14 wKGjvwgUvi chƯ¦ cÉkÕ¦ nGq ^vGK, mvweÆK cÉK͸eÅq A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe jvfRbK AeÕ©vq ivLvi RbÅ Dî× msGKvPb AZÅvekÅK weGePbv Kiv nq| ‰RbÅ AekÅ b`xi cÉevn ˆmZzi wbP w`Gq mxgve«¬ ivLvi DGóGkÅ b`x kvmGbi cÉGqvRb ˆ`Lv ˆ`q|

mÁ¿veÅ `yweÆcvK I f„wgKÁ· hvGZ mnÅ KiGZ cvGi ˆmRbÅ ˆmZzwUGK 80-85 wgUvi jÁ¼v ‰es 2.5 I 3.15 wgUvi eÅvGmi 121wU BÕ·vGZi LuywUi Dci emvGbv nGqGQ| ‰B LyuwUàwj LyeB kwî×kvjx (240 Ub) nvBGWÈvwjK nvZzwo «¼viv emvGbv nq| ˆmZzwUGZ Õ·ÅvGbi msLÅv 49 ‰es ˆWK LGíi msLÅv 1,263| ˆmZzwUi Dci w`Gq 4 ˆjGbi moK ‰es 2wU ˆijUÇvK ˆbIqv nGqGQ| ˆmZzwUi DcwiKvVvGgv XvjvB Kiv Lívsk w`Gq ŠZwi ‰es ‰àwj mywÕ©Z wLjvb c«¬wZGZ emvGbv nGqGQ| ˆmZzwU wbgÆvGY meÆGgvU ˆh eÅq nq wgwjqb WjvGi Zvi wefvRb nGœQ: ˆmZz ‰es Zvi DcGi ŠZwi c^mgƒn– 269, b`xkvmb– 323, ivÕ¦v I euvamgƒn– 71, DcG`Ó¡v– 33, f„wg AwaMÉnY, cybeÆvmb ‰es cwiGek msiÞY– 67, msÕ©vcb – 13, ‰es AbÅvbÅ– 186|

DcgnvG`Gki ‰B AsGki RbMY meÆ`vB wekvj hgybv b`xi Dci ˆmZz Õ©vcGbi gvaÅGg ˆMvUv ˆ`Gki mGã ‰B AçGji ˆhvMvGhvM eÅeÕ©v mg¯¼Gqi AvKv›Þv ˆcvlY KGi ‰GmGQ| 1949 mvGj RbGbZv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx cÉ^g ivR‹bwZK chÆvGq hgybv ˆmZz wbgÆvGYi `vwe Dïvcb KGib| 1954 mvGji cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉvG`wkK wbeÆvPGbi mgq hyî×dÌG´Ÿi 21 `dv wbeÆvPbx BkGZnvGi ‰B ˆmZz wbgÆvGYi K^v A¯¦fzÆî× wQj| 1964 mvGji 6 Rvbyqvwi iscyi ˆ^GK wbeÆvwPZ msm` m`mÅ ˆgvnvÁÃ` mvBdzi ingvb hgybv b`xi Dci miKvGii ˆmZz wbgÆvGYi ˆKvb BœQv AvGQ wK-bv RvbGZ ˆPGq cÉvG`wkK cwilG` cÉk² Dïvcb KGib| 1966 mvGji 11 RyjvB iscyi ˆ^GK ‰KB cwilG`i AvGiKRb m`mÅ kvgmyj nK ‰B ˆmZz wbgÆvGYi RbÅ ‰KwU cÉÕ¦ve ˆck KGib ‰es ‰wU meÆmÁÃwZò×Gg M†nxZ nq|

1969 mvGj hyî×ivGRÅi wdÌgÅvb dÝ AÅv´£ cvUÆbvimÆ bvGg ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆmZzwUi cÉv^wgK mÁ¿veÅZv wbGq mgxÞv cwiPvjbv KGi| Zviv wmivRMGéi wbKU AvbygvwbK 175 wgwjqb gvwKÆb Wjvi eÅGq ‰KwU ˆij-Kvg-moKGmZz wbgÆvGYi mycvwik KGib| ‰B mgxÞv wQj cÉv^wgK aiGbi ‰es Zviv weÕ¦vwiZ mgxÞv cwiPvjbvi mycvwik KGib| AbÅw`GK 1970 mvGj cvwKÕ¦vGbi mvaviY wbeÆvPGbi cÉvØvGj ˆeZvi-ˆUwjwfkGb RvwZi DGóGkÅ fvlY`vbKvGj AvIqvgx jxM ˆbZv ˆkL gywReyi ingvb Zuvi `Gji wbeÆvPbx Iqv`v wnGmGe hgybv ˆmZz wbgÆvGYi K^v DGÍÏL KGib|

wK¯§ ‰ mKj cÉGPÓ¡v ZrKvjxb ivR‹bwZK AwÕ©iZv ‰es gywî×hyG«¬i KviGY evÕ¦evwqZ nGZ cvGi wb| Õ¼vaxbZvi ci AvIqvgx jxM miKvi 1972 mvGj hgybv b`xi Dci ‰KwU ˆmZz wbgÆvGYi ˆNvlYv ˆ`q ‰es 1972-73 mvGji evGRGU ‰RbÅ eivó ivLv nq|

evsjvG`k miKvGii Avg¯¨GY Rvcvb Av¯¦RÆvwZK mnGhvwMZv msÕ©v RvBKv 1973 mvGj hgybv b`xi Dci ‰KwU moK-Kvg-ˆijGmZz wbgÆvGYi mÁ¿veÅZv-mgxÞv nvGZ ˆbq| 1976 mvGj Rvcvb ZvG`i mgxÞv ˆkl KGi| Zviv eGj ˆh hgybv cÉKG͸ 683 wgwjqb gvwKÆb Wjvi eÅq nGe ‰es ‰i A^Æ‹bwZK AvMGgi nvi nGe gvò 2.6 kZvsk| ˆhGnZz ‰Uv cÉhywî×MZ I A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe jvfRbK bq, ZrKvjxb miKvi cÉK͸wU cwiZÅî× ˆNvlYv KGi| 1982 mvGj miKvi hgybv cÉK͸ cybi‚äxweZ KGi| ‰ mgq miKvi hgybvi IcvGi cwøgvçGj cÉvK‡wZK MÅvm mçvjGbi mÁ¿veÅZv hvPvBGqi RbÅ ‰KwU mgxÞv`j wbGqvM KGi| mgxÞvi DcmsnvGi ejv nq ˆh, ÷ay MÅvm msGhvM A^Æ‹bwZKfvGe jvfRbK nGe bv| DcG`Ó¡vMY ‰KwU moK-Kvg-MÅvm cwievnK ˆmZzi cÉGKŒkjMZ mÁ¿veÅZv I ‰i eÅq wbaÆviY KGib| ‰fvGeB eügyLx ˆmZz wbgÆvGYi cÉv^wgK aviYvi Drcwî nq| wZb ˆjbwewkÓ¡ 12 wKGjvwgUvi `xNÆ ˆmZzi cÉvØwjZ eÅq aiv nq 420 wgwjqb gvwKÆb Wjvi| gw¯¨mfv ‰B wiGcvUÆ AbyGgv`b KGi ‰es ‰B cÉKG͸i AbyK„Gj ZvrÞwYK c`GÞc MÉnGYi RbÅ ‰KwU wm«¬v¯¦ M†nxZ nq|

‰B cÉK͸ evÕ¦evqGbi RbÅ 1985 mvGji 3 RyjvB ivÓ¡ËcwZi AaÅvG`keGj hgybv eügyLx ˆmZz KZ‡ÆcÞ MwVZ nq| Afů¦ixY mÁ·` msMÉGni DGóGkÅ hgybv ˆmZz mviPvRÆ I ˆjwf Av`vGqi RbÅ AvGiKwU AaÅvG`k Rvwi Kiv nq| AaÅvG`kwUi wejywµ¦ chƯ¦ ‰B cÉwò×qvq 5.08 wewjqb UvKv msMÉn Kiv nq| 1986 mvGj ‰B ˆmZzi RbÅ cÉ^g chÆvGqi mÁ¿veÅZv-mgxÞv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| ‰ mgq wmivRMé I f„qvcyGii (UvãvBj) gaÅeZÆx Õ©vbGK ˆmZzi RbÅ meGPGq Dchyî× eGj wPwn×Z Kiv nq| 1987 mvGji gGaÅ w«¼Zxq chÆvGqi mÁ¿veÅZv-mgxÞv cwiPvwjZ nq| ‰GZ ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh ‰KwU moK-Kvg-ˆij-Kvg-we`yÅr jvBb cwievnx ˆmZz A^Æ‹bwZK I cÉhywî×MZ  Dfqw`K ˆ^GKB jvfRbK nGe| 1992 mvGj AvBwW‰, ‰wWwe I RvcvGbi IBwm‰d ˆmZzi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq A^ÆvqGb mÁÃZ nq| wbgÆvYPzwî×i RbÅ 1993 mvGj Av¯¦RÆvwZK wewWs-‰i gvaÅGg `icò Avn»vb Kiv nq| ˆmZz wbgÆvY, b`x kvmGbi KvR ‰es `ywU msGhvM moK wbgÆvY KvGRi Pzwî× 1994 mvGji gvPÆ gvGm mÁ·vw`Z nq| 1994 mvGji 10 ‰wcÉj ˆmZzi wfwî cÉÕ¦i Õ©vwcZ nq| 1994 mvGji 15 AGÙvei cÉKG͸i ˆfŒZ wbgÆvY KvR evÕ¦evqb ÷i‚ nq ‰es MÅvm mçvjb jvBb eÅZxZ mKj KvR 1998 mvGji RyGbi gGaÅ ˆkl nq| 1998 mvGji 23 Ryb ˆmZzwU PjvPGji RbÅ D¯Ãyî× Kiv nq|  [ˆnjvj Dwób AvnGg`]