ewâgP±`Ê PGëvcvaÅvq (1838-1894)  JcbÅvwmK, mvsevw`K ‰es evsjvi beRvMiGYi AbÅZg cÉavb cyi‚l| 1838 mvGji 27 Ryb Pwe»k ciMbv ˆRjvi KuvVvjcvov MÉvGg wZwb R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| wcZv hv`eP±`Ê PGëvcvaÅvq cÉ^g w`GK wQGjb weËwUk JcwbGewkK miKvGii ‰KRb KgÆKZÆv, cGi üMwji ˆWcywU KvGjÙi nb| 1858 mvGj KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi cÉ^g eÅvGPi ˆh `yRb Qvò we.‰ cvm KGib, ewâgP±`Ê wQGjb ZuvG`i ‰KRb| wZwb Zuvi wcZvi c`vâ AbymiY KGi wbÁ² wbeÆvnx PvKwiGZ (mve-AwWÆGbU ‰wÝwKDwUf mvwfÆm) ˆhvM ˆ`b ‰es cGi ˆWcywU gÅvwRGÕ¡ËU I ˆWcywU KvGjÙi cG` PvKwi KGib| JcwbGewkK miKvGii KgÆKZÆv wnGmGe ewâgP±`Ê Zuvi `vwqZ½ `ÞZvi mGã cvjb KGib| Zuvi KvGRi Õ¼xK‡wZÕ¼i…c KZƆcÞ ZuvGK 1891 mvGj ‘ivqevnv`yi’ ‰es 1894 mvGj ‘Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire’ (CMEOIE) Dcvwa cÉ`vb KGi| ewâgP±`Ê Zuvi ˆckvMZ RxeGb ˆh AwfæZv ARÆb KGib, Zv Zuvi wP¯¦v I KGgÆ ài‚ZcƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi| ZGe BwZnvGm wZwb miKvwi PvKwiRxex wnGmGe bb, eis ‰KRb ˆjLK I wn±`y cybi‚ïvbev`x wP¯¦vwe` wnGmGeB cÉwZwÓ¤Z|

ewâgPG±`Êi ˆjLK wnGmGe AvwefÆ„Z nIqvi cøvGZ PviwU Õ¼Z¯¨ aviv wò×qvkxj wQj| cÉ^gZ Dwbk kZGKi ÷i‚GZ ivgGgvnb ivq, Ck¼iP±`Ê àµ¦, Ck¼iP±`Ê we`ÅvmvMi cÉgyL gbxlxi AvaywbK wP¯¦vavivi dGj evsjv MG`Åi weKvk; w«¼ZxqZ msev`cò I mvgwqKxi ò×gweKvk; Z‡ZxqZ beÅ wn±`yZ½evG`i Dïvb ‰es PZz^ÆZ KjKvZvq BsGiwR I cvøvZÅ wkÞvi ài‚Z½ Dcjwº¬Kvix eyw«¬Rxex I weîevb gaÅweî ˆkÉYxi D«¿e| ewâgP±`Ê ‰B avivi mËÓ¡v bb, eis cÉPwjZ aviviB dj| wZwb cƒeÆmƒwiG`i m†Ó¡ avivi myGhvM-myweav cwicƒYÆi…Gc MÉnY KGib ‰es cÉMwZi avivGK AviI AMÉmi KGi ‰KUv Õ¼Z¯¨ i…c w`GZ AbbÅ Ae`vb ivGLb| ˆjvKPÞzi A¯¦ivGj ewâgP±`Ê Zuvi mvwnZÅ Rxeb ÷i‚ KGib|

ewâgP±`Ê PGëvcvaÅvq

Zuvi cÉ^g w`GKi evsjv I BsGiwR iPbv (jwjZv, gvbm, Adventures of a Young Hindu ‰es Rajmohan’s Wife) cvVK I mvwnZÅgnGji gGbvGhvM AvKlÆY KiGZ cvGi wb, eis cieZÆxKvGj ˆckvMZ RxeGbB Zuvi m†wÓ¡kxj gbGbi weKvk NGU| gdÕ¼Gj PvKwiiZ ^vKvKvGj ewâgP±`Ê evsjvi cÉK‡Z AeÕ©v cÉZÅÞ KGib ‰es evsjvi RbMGYi evÕ¦e AeÕ©v Dcjwº¬ KGib| RbMGYi mGã mivmwi msmMÆ ‰es ZvG`i mGã wg^wÕ˜qv ˆ^GK wZwb Zuvi DcbÅvGmi Pwiò MÉnY KGib| MfxifvGe cvøvZÅ mvwnZÅ AaÅqGbi dGj Zuvi mvwnZÅ cÉwZfv kvwYZ nGqwQj ‰es ‰i cÉfve jÞÅ Kiv hvq Zuvi DcbÅvGmi Pwiò wbgÆvY I Kvwnbx eYÆbvq|

Pwe»k ciMbv ˆRjvi evi‚BcyGi ˆWcywU gÅvwRGÕ¡ËU ^vKv AeÕ©vq ewâgP±`Ê Zuvi cÉ^g `ywU weLÅvZ DcbÅvm `ƒGMÆkbw±`bx (1865) I KcvjKzíjv (1866) iPbv KGib| DcbÅvm `ywU `Ë‚Z cÉPvi jvf KGi| ‰ici 1887 mvGji gGaÅ Zuvi AbÅvbÅ M`Å iPbvmn ˆgvU ˆPŒówU DcbÅvm cÉKvwkZ nq| 1880 ˆ^GK ewâggbxlv ivRbxwZ I aGgÆi w`GK AMÉmi nq| KviY ˆmmgq wZwb ‰KRb cybi‚ïvbev`x msÕ•viK nIqvi ˆPÓ¡v KGib| Avb±`gV (1882) mÁ¿eZ ewâgPG±`Êi ˆkl ÕÃiYxq mvwnZÅKxwZÆ| cieZÆxKvGj Zuvi mgÕ¦ wP¯¦v agÆxq cƒbi‚ïvb I RvZxq beRvMiGYi KgÆKvGí AvewZÆZ nq| ‰ mgq ˆ^GK ewâgP±`ÊGK m†wÓ¡kxj wP¯¦vwe` I ˆjLGKi ˆPGq ‰KRb ˆ`kGcÉwgK I MweÆZ wn±`y eGjB ˆewk gGb nGZv| Zuvi Rxeb ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe mswÞµ¦ nGjI Zuvi m†wÓ¡kxjZv evsjv fvlv I mvwnGZÅi ˆÞGò weÕÃqKi cÉfve ˆdGjGQ| 

evsjv DcbÅvm I evsjv M`Å mvwnGZÅi DrKlÆ mvaGb ewâgPG±`Êi Ae`vb evsjv mvwnGZÅi BwZnvGm Zuvi Õ©vb wPiÕ©vqx KGiGQ| Zuvi cƒGeÆ evsjv DcbÅvm ejGZ hv ˆevSvZ Zv wQj KwZcq msÕ•‡Z bvUK I M͸ ‰es wKQy dviwm I Aviwe MG͸i Abyev` ‰es ˆmàwj wQj cÉavbZ wkÞvgƒjK I bxwZgƒjK| ˆmme DcbÅvGmi gƒj jÞÅ wQj KveÅPPÆv, cÉK‡wZi cƒ›Lvbycy›L eYÆbv, gvbexq ˆmŒ±`GhÆi AGhŒwî×K DcÕ©vcbv, Aweivg Kv͸wbK NUbvi weeiY ‰es weÕÃqKi I AwZcÉvK‡Z welGqi eYÆbv| iPbvixwZ I M`Å‹kjxi w`K ˆ^GK fevbxPiY eG±`ÅvcvaÅvGqi beevey wejvm (1823) ‰es cÅvixPuv` wgGòi AvjvGji NGii `yjvj (1858) wQj AvaywbK mvwnGZÅi avivq `ywU eÅwZò×gagÆx iPbv| PwiòwPòY, wk͸-m†Rb, eYÆbv, bv±`wbKZv ‰es mGeÆvcwi evsjv MG`Åi DrKlÆ mvaGb ewâgP±`Ê Zuvi cƒeÆmƒwiG`i ˆ^GK AGbK `ƒi AMÉmi nGqwQGjb ‰es evsjv mvwnZÅGK ‰gb ‰KwU wfwîi Ici cÉwZwÓ¤Z KGiwQGjb hvi cÉZÅÞ cÉfvGe weKwkZ nGqGQ wek kZGKi evsjv fvlv I mvwnZÅ|

evsjv mvgwqKx mvwnGZÅi cÉmvGiI ewâgPG±`Êi Ae`vb AmvgvbÅ| Zuvi mÁ·vw`Z eã`kÆb cwòKvi gvaÅGg ‰KwU bZzb ˆjLKGMvÓ¤xi AvwefÆve NGU| Zuviv mvgwqKx mvwnGZÅi welqeÕ§ ‰es iPbv‹kjxi w`K ˆ^GK ‰K bZzb Av`kÆ Õ©vcb KGib| mgvPvi `cÆY, msev` cÉfvKi, mÁ¼v` ˆKŒgy`x ‰es Zî½Gevwabx cwòKv iPbv‹kjxi ˆh aviv m†wÓ¡ KGiwQj, ewâgP±`Ê Zvi cwieZÆb KGi wf®²agÆx mgvGjvPbvi aviv m†wÓ¡ KGib, hw`I AZxGZi gGZv agÆxq AvGjvPbv wQj ‰i cÉavb ŠewkÓ¡Å| wn±`yagÆ mÁ·GKÆ Zuvi wbRÕ¼ eÅvLÅv ‘K‡úPwiZ’, ‘agÆZî½’ I ‘kÉxg«¿MeªMxZv’ bvGg gGbvMÉvd AvKvGi avivevwnKfvGe eã`kÆGb cÉKvwkZ nq| ZGe ‰ ˆ^GK ‰i…c gGb Kivi ˆKvb AeKvk ˆbB ˆh, ewâgP±`Ê ‰KRb wn±`yagÆ-cÉPviK wQGjb| Zuvi mdj KGqKwU DcbÅvm eã`kÆGb avivevwnKfvGe cÉKvwkZ nq| ewâgP±`Ê BDGivcxq RvbÆvGji gGZv mgvGjvPbvi gç wnGmGe eã`kÆbGK ŠZwi KiGZ ˆPGqwQGjb| wK¯§ mgmvgwqK AbÅvbÅ AGbK mvgwqKxi gGZv eã`kÆbI Lye A͸ mgq, gvò Pvi eQi (1872-1876) Õ©vqx nGqwQj|

mvwnZÅ RxeGbi ˆkl w`GK ewâgP±`ÊGK m†Rbkxj mvwnZÅPPÆvi ˆPGq wn±`yaGgÆi cÉK‡Z Õ¼i…c DªNvUGbi cÉwZB ˆewk gGbvGhvMx gGb nGqGQ| 1880-i w`GK Õ·Ó¡ZB wZwb mvwnZÅPPÆvi ˆPGq agÆPPÆvi cÉwZ ˆewk SzuGK cGob| wZwb cÉvPxb fviGZi ŠbwZK, mvsÕ•‡wZK I agÆxq HwZGnÅi cybtcÉwZÓ¤v ˆPGqwQGjb| Zuvi ‰ aviYv Avb±`gV (1882) I ˆ`ex ˆPŒayivYx (1882) MÉG¯© ‰es agÆkvÕ¨ I MxZvi fvGlÅ cwiÓ•vifvGe dzGU DGVGQ| wZwb beÅ wn±`yevG`i ‰KRb msÕ•viK ‰es ‰KwU wn±`yRvwZ MVGbi ˆPÓ¡v KGiwQGjb| ‰ DGóGkÅ wZwb AvøhÆRbKfvGe BwZnvGmi avivGK DGcÞv KGiGQb| weMZ KGqK kZGK evsjvi mgvR I wn±`y-gymjgvb mÁ·GKÆ ˆh cwieZÆb I cybMÆVb nGqGQ Zv Zuvi gvbmcGU aiv cGo wb| evsjv ˆh BGZvgGaÅ ‰KwU gymjgvb msLÅvMwiÓ¤ AçGj cwiYZ nGqGQ ‰es ‰LvbKvi wn±`y-gymjgvbiv ˆh kZvõxi ci kZvõx aGi cviÕ·wiK mngwgÆZv I mnGhvwMZvgƒjK mÁ·GKÆi gaÅ w`Gq emevm KGiGQ, ‰K^v ˆgGb ˆbIqvi gGZv gvbwmKZv Zuvi wQj bv| wZwb wek¼vm KiGZb ˆh, wn±`y I gymjgvbG`i gGaÅ mymÁ·KÆ nIqv AmÁ¿e| ‰ RbÅB wZwb wn±`yaGgÆi cybi‚ïvb ‰es ‰KwU ‰KK wn±`yRvwZ MVGbi wP¯¦v KGiwQGjb| Zuvi HwZnvwmK DcbÅvmmgƒGn, ˆhàwji mGã cÉK‡Z BwZnvGmi mÁ·KÆ LyeB Kg, wn±`y ˆ`kGcÉg ‰es wn±`y RvZxqZvev` cÉPvGii cÉeYZvB jÞÅ Kiv hvq| Zuvi wewf®² DcbÅvGm gymjgvGbi wei‚G«¬ wn±`yi weRq ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ, ˆhgb: ivRwmsn (1882) ‰es mxZvivg (1888)| ˆKvb ˆKvbwUGZ Avevi weËwUkkwî×i wei‚G«¬I wn±`yRvwZi weRq ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ, ˆhgb: ˆ`ex ˆPŒayivYx ‰es Avb±`gV|

ewâgP±`Ê Zuvi wn±`yRvwZi cybi‚ïvb welqK cÉe®¬ I MÉG¯© ‘eG±` gvZig&’, ‘gvZ‡f„wg’, ‘R¯Ãf„wg’, ‘Õ¼ivR’, ‘g¯¨’ cÉf‡wZ bZzb ˆkÏvMvb ŠZwi KGib| cieZÆxGZ ‰àwj wn±`y RvZxqZvev`x, weGkl KGi wn±`y Rwãiv eÅenvi KGib| Bw´£qvb bÅvkbvj KsGMÉGmi gaÅc¯©x ivR‹bwZK ˆbZviv cÉ^g w`GK ewâgPG±`Êi ‰B wn±`y RvZxqZvev`x ˆkÏvMvGb Lye ˆewk AvMÉnx wQGjb bv| wK¯§ Õ¼G`kx hyGMi hyemgvGRi KvGQ ewâgPG±`Êi cÉPí RbwcÉqZv ‰es Zuvi gZv`GkÆ hyemgvGRi gGaÅ ˆh D`Åg m†wÓ¡ nGqwQj, Zv KsGMÉmGK bZzbfvGe DäxweZ KGi ‰es ‰KwU RvZxqZvev`x `Gj cwiYZ nGZ cÉfvweZ KGi| ‰ici KsGMÉm Zvi RvZxq ivRbxwZi ˆkÏvMvb wnGmGe ‘eG±` gvZig&’ˆK AvbyÓ¤vwbKfvGe MÉnY KGi ‰es mgMÉ fviZeGlÆ Zv eÅen…Z nGZ ^vGK| AZxGZ agÆxq I ivR‹bwZK Av`kÆ cÉPvi ‰es cieZÆx RxeGb mvwnZÅeÅwî×Z½ wnGmGe wbwÓ˜qZv mGî½I ewâgP±`Ê iex±`Êbv^ I bRi‚Gji AvwefÆve chƯ¦ mKGji KvGQ, ‰gbwK wkwÞZ gymwjg mgvGRi KvGQI ˆm mgGqi ˆkÉÓ¤ mvwnwZÅK wnGmGe cwiMwYZ nGZb|  [wmivRyj Bmjvg]