eÝvGii
hy«¬ (1764) bIqve gxiKvwmg
I Zuvi wgòkwî×i mvG^ BsGiRG`i hy«¬| cjvkxi hy«¬ ‰i (1757) ci BsGiR BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆjvGKiv gGb KiZ ˆh, evsjvi
Hk¼hÆ Adzi¯¦| dGj ZvG`i ˆjvf-jvjmvi gvòv QvwoGq hvq| ˆm KviGYB ˆKvÁ·vwbi
cwiPvjKMY AvG`k ˆ`b ˆh, evsjvi Avq ˆ^GK ˆevÁ¼vB I gv`ËvR ˆcÉwmGWw´Öi
eÅq wbeÆvn ‰es ‰i ivRÕ¼ Avq «¼viv fviZ nGZ ˆKvÁ·vwbi iµ¦vwb cYÅ ò×q
KiGZ nGe| evsjvi mÁ·` cvPvGii DGóGkÅ BsGiR BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb evsjvi bIqvGei Ici wbq¯¨Y cÉwZÓ¤vq `†pmâ͸ wQj| evsjvi
bZzb bIqve gxiRvdi AwPGiB eySGZ cvGib ˆh, Zuvi cGÞ BsGiR ˆKvÁ·vwb I ‰i KgÆPvixG`i `vwe
mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc cƒiY Kiv mÁ¿e bq| ‰w`GK ˆKvÁ·vwbi KgÆKZÆvMY ZuvG`i `vwe cƒiGY
bIqvGei eÅ^ÆZvi mgvGjvPbv KiGZ ^vGKb| KvGRB ˆKvÁ·vwb bIqveGK Zuvi RvgvZv
gxi KvwmGgi nvGZ ÞgZv ˆQGo w`GZ evaÅ KGi| gxi Kvwmg ˆKvÁ·vwbi KgÆKZÆvG`i
cÉPzi A^Æ cÉ`vb KGib| wK¯§ wZwb BsGiRG`i cÉZÅvkv cƒiGYi welqwU ˆKŒkGj
cwinvi KGib ‰es AwPGiB evsjvq BsGiRG`i AeÕ©vb I DœPvwfjvl PwiZv^Æ Kivi
cG^ ügwK nGq `uvovb| Zuvi wek¼vm wQj ˆh, ˆhGnZz ZuvGK evsjvi gmbG` emvGbvi
RbÅ wZwb ˆKvÁ·vwb I ‰i KgÆKZÆvG`i hG^Ó¡ DcGXŒKb w`GqGQb, KvGRB Zviv
ZuvGK Õ¼vaxbfvGe evsjvi kvmbKvhÆ Pvjvevi myGhvM ˆ`Geb| BsGiR ˆKvÁ·vwbi
KgÆKZÆvMY KZƆK 1717 mvGj ev`kvnx digvGbi AceÅenvi ˆivGa bIqvGei cÉqvmGK
BsGiRiv ˆgvGUI cQ±` KGi wb| ‰me BsGiR KgÆKZÆviv weG`Gk iµ¦vwbGhvMÅ wKsev
Afů¦ixY eÅenvGii RbÅ ZvG`i gvjvgvj ÷Í•gyî× Kivi `vwe Rvbvq| BsGiR ewYKMY
÷Í•gyî× eÅemvGqi AbygwZcò ev ‘`Õ¦K’ e®¬zcÉwZg fviZxq eÅemvqxG`i KvGQ
A‹eafvGe weò×q Kivi dGj Hme eÅemvqx Afů¦ixY ÷Í• duvwK w`Z ‰es dGj mr
fviZxq eÅemvqxiv Amg cÉwZGhvwMZvi gyGLvgywL nGZb| bIqve ˆKvÁ·vwbi KgÆPvix
KZ‡ÆK `Õ¦GKi AceÅenvi ˆivGa mwò×q nb| wZwb fviZxq miKvwi KgÆKZÆv I Rwg`viG`i
ˆKvÁ·vwbi KgÆPvixG`i Dcnvi I Nyl cÉ`vGbi Pvc ˆ^GK ˆinvB ˆ`Iqvi ˆPÓ¡v
KGib ‰es ˆKvÁ·vwbi wbq¯¨Y ˆ^GK wbGRGK gyî× KGi evsjvGK kwî×kvjx KGi
ZzjGZ mGPÓ¡ nb| ‰me BsGiRG`i cQ±`bxq wQj bv| weG`kx eÅemvqxiv Õ©vbxq
eÅemvqxG`i mgchÆvqfzî× nGZ wKQyGZB ivwR wQj bv| evÕ¦e mZÅ wQj ‰B ˆh,
evsjvq `yB cÉfzi kvmb mÁ¿e wQj bv| gxi Kvwmg gGb KiGZb ˆh, wZwb ‰KRb
Õ¼vaxb kvmK, Avi BsGiRiv PvBZ wZwb ˆhb ZvG`i nvGZi ò×xobK wnGmGe KvR
KGib, ˆhGnZz ZvivB ZuvGK ÞgZvq ewmGqGQ| dGj Dfq cGÞ msNlÆ AwbevhÆ nGq
cGo|
msNGlÆi
mƒòcvZ nq cvUbv ˆ^GK| ˆmLvGb e`GgRvwR ‰K BsGiR KgÆKZÆv ‰es ZÅî×weiî×
bIqve ciÕ·iGK DGîwRZ KGi wbGRG`i ŠahÆPzÅwZ NUvb| 1763 mvGji MÉxGÓà hy«¬
ˆeuGa hvq| cici PviwU LíhyG«¬ bIqvGei bZzb evwnbx civwRZ nq| gxi Kvwmg
cÉ^Gg cvUbv I cGi AGhvaÅvq cvwjGq hvb| AGhvaÅvq wZwb bIqve myRvDGóŒjvi
mg^Æb jvf KGib| ‰uG`i mGã wgwjZ nb cjvZK gyMj mgËvU w«¼Zxq kvn Avjg|
1764 mvGji kirKvGj cybivq hy«¬ nq| 22 AGÙvei wenvGii eÝvi bvgK Õ©vGb
msNwUZ ‰ hyG«¬ BsGiRiv Rqjvf KGi| ev`kvn w«¼Zxq kvn Avjg cybivq BsGiR
wkweGi AvkÉq ˆbb| myRvDGóŒjv ˆivwnjvLGí cvwjGq hvb ‰es AGhvaÅv BsGiR
evwnbxi c`vbZ nq| gxi Kvwmg wbi‚Gók nb ‰es ‰ici Zuvi mÁ·GKÆ Avi wKQy
Rvbv hvq wb|
eÝvi
wQj ‰KwU P„ov¯¦ hy«¬| ‰ hyG«¬i ci evsjv BsGiR ˆKvÁ·vwbi kvmb wbMGo Ave«¬
nq| ‰Zw`b chƯ¦ BsGiRiv wQj ÞgZvi fvMvfvwM I myGhvM-myweav Av`vGqi RbÅ
kvmGKi cÉwZ«¼±«¼x ‰es ZvG`i ÞgZvjvf wQj wbZv¯¦B AvKwÕÃK I AwbwøZ| eÝvGii
hyG«¬i ci BsGiRG`i ÞgZv nGq IGV AcÉwZGivaÅ ‰es Zviv ivRKxq Õ¼xK‡wZ jvGfi
KvQvKvwQ ‰Gm ˆcuŒGQ| ‰ hyG«¬i ci AGhvaÅvi fvMÅI ˆKvÁ·vwbi AbyKÁ·vi Ici
wbfÆikxj nGq cGo ‰es evsjvq weËwUGki P„ov¯¦ KZ‡ÆZ½ cÉwZÓ¤vi c^ myMg
nq| evsjvi bIqve Zuvi Afů¦ixY I ŠeG`wkK wbivcîvi RbÅ BsGiRG`i Ici wbfÆikxj
nGq cGob| 1765 mvGji 20 ˆdeË‚qvwi Õ¼vÞwiZ Pzwî× ˆgvZvGeK evsjvi ˆLZvemvi
bIqveGK Zuvi ˆmbvevwnbxi AwaKvskB ˆfGã w`GZ nq ‰es ˆKvÁ·vwb KZ‡ÆK gGbvbxZ
‰KRb ˆWcywU myevn`vGii gvaÅGg evsjvi kvmbKvhÆ PvjvGZ nq| ˆKvÁ·vwbi AbyGgv`b
eÅZxZ ˆmB ˆWcywU myevn`viGK eiLvÕ¦ Kivi ÞgZvI bIqvGei wQj bv| ‰i…Gc
ˆKvÁcvwb evsjvi cÉkvmwbK eÅeÕ©vi (wbRvgGZi) Ici meÆgq wbq¯¨Y cÉwZÓ¤v
KGi| ˆKvÁ·vwb gyMj mvgËvGRÅi ˆLZvemvi mgËvU w«¼Zxq kvn AvjGgi wbKU ˆ^GK
evsjv, wenvi I DwolÅvi `xDqvwb ev ivRÕ¼ Av`vGqi AwaKvi jvf KGi| ‰fvGe
evsjvi Ici ˆKvÁcvwbi wbq¯¨Y ŠeaZv cvq ‰es ZrKvjxb fviGZi meGPGq mg†«¬
cÉG`k evsjvi ivRGÕ¼i ‰LwZqvi ˆKvÁ·vwbi Ici bÅÕ¦ nq| `xDqvb wnGmGe
ˆKvÁcvwb mivmwi ivRÕ¼ Av`vq KiZ, Avi AbÅw`GK bIqvGei cGÞ ˆWcywU myevn`vi
gGbvbxZ Kivi AwaKvi jvGfi gvaÅGg ˆKvÁcvwb cÉkvmwbK eÅvcvGiI nÕ¦GÞGci
myGhvM cvq| Zviv cÉZÅÞfvGe cÉG`Gki ivRÕ¼ I ˆmbvevwnbxi Ici ‰es cGivÞfvGe
cÉkvmGbi Ici wbq¯¨Y cÉwZÓ¤v KGi| ‰fvGe BsGiRiv ˆKvb `vq`vwqZ½ MÉnY QvovB
ˆ`Gki ÞgZvq AwawÓ¤Z nq| bIqve I Zvi KgÆPvixG`i cÉkvmwbK `vwqZ½ ^vKj
eGU, wK¯§ Zv evÕ¦evqGbi ˆKvb ÞgZv ^vKj bv| [ˆgvnvÁÃ` kvn]