cyíËeaÆb
cÉvPxb evsjvi AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
‰KwU Rbc`| ‰i bvgKiY nGqGQ cyíË RbGMvÓ¤xi bvgvbymvGi| HZGiq eËvþGY (wLË.cƒ.
8g kZvõx) cÉ^gevGii gGZv DcRvwZ ˆMvÓ¤xi…Gc cyGíËi DGÍÏL iGqGQ| A®¬Ì,
kei, cywj±` I gywZe RbGMvÓ¤xi mg¯¼Gq cyíËiv ‰KwU Õ¼Z¯¨ RvwZ wnGmGe cwiwPwZ
jvf KGi| AbÅvbÅ mvwnZÅmƒGòI bvgwU cvIqv hvq| cieZÆxKvGji Šew`K mvwnGZÅ
cyíË RvwZ I ZvG`i AvevmÕ©j Šew`K msÕ•‡wZi cwigíGji evBGi AewÕ©wZi KviGY
Acweò wnGmGe waK‡Z nq|
‰KwU
RbGMvÓ¤xi bvgvbymvGi MwVZ cyíË ò×gk ivÓ¡Ëxq ‰KGK cwiYZ nq| ˆjLZvwî½K
wePvGi ˆgŒhÆ hyGMi (Avby. wLË.cƒ Z‡Zxq kZK) gnvÕ©vb eËvþxwjwci AvweÓ•vi
KiGZvqv b`xi Wvb ZxiÕ© eàov ˆRjvi gnvÕ©vGbi mGã cyíËbMGii kbvî×xKiY
wbwøZ KGiGQ| cyíËbMi wQj ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK, A^Æ‹bwZK I agÆxq ˆK±`Ê|
൦hyGMi
cyíËeaÆb ev ˆcŒíËeaÆb ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ fzwî× ev ivÓ¡Ëxq wefvGM
cwiYZ nq| Dîi eã ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ ൦ hyMxq ˆjLZvwî½K Dcv`vbmgƒGni «¼viv cwiÓ•vi
ˆevSv hvq ˆh, cyíËeaÆb fzwî× KGqKwU welq ev ˆRjvq wefî× wQj| welqàwj
Avevi KGqKwU KGi exw^ I gíGj wefî× wQj| ൦ mgËvU KZ‡ÆK mivmwi wbhyî×
‰KRb DcwiK ev DcwiKgnvivGRi (cÉvG`wkK kvmbKZÆv) Dci ‰ fzwî×i kvmbfvi
bÅÕ¦ wQj|
`wÞGY
c«Âv, cwøGg Mãv ‰es cƒGeÆ nq KiGZvqv A^ev hgybv «¼viv cwiGewÓ¡Z cyíË,
cyíËeaÆb ev ˆcŒíËeaÆb bvGg AvLÅvwqZ AçjwU evsjvG`Gki ivRkvnx, eàov,
w`bvRcyi (fviZ I evsjvG`k DfGqi A¯¦MÆZ) ‰es cÉvPxb eGi±`Ê wbGq MwVZ
wQj| eyaàGµ¦i ivRZ½KvGji (Avby. 476-94 wLËÓ¡vGõ) `vGgv`icyi ZvgËkvmb
AbymvGi cyíËeaÆGbi Dîi-mxgv wQj wngvjq (wngvewœQLi)|
cvj
hyGM cyíËeaÆGbi cÉkvmwbK I ivÓ¡Ëxq mxgvbv cÉmvi jvf KGi| cvj, P±`Ê I
ˆmb hyGM DîieGãi ˆfŒGMvwjK mxgvbvi AwZò×v¯¦ Açjmgƒn cyíËeaÆGbi A¯¦fÆyî×
nq| kÉxP±`Ê ‰i ayÍÏ ZvgËkvmGb cyíË fzwî×i Lw`iwewÍÏ welGqi
ewÍÏgy±` LíGj ‰KwU f„wg`vGbi DGÍÏL iGqGQ| ewÍÏgy±` I Lw`iwewÍÏGK h^vò×Gg
gvwYKMé ˆRjvi ewÍÏmy` I LwÍÏ MÉvGgi mvG^ kbvî× Kiv nq|
jonPG±`Êi
gqbvgZx I `vGgv`iG`Gei (1234 Aõ) ˆgni ZvgËdjK ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq ˆh, mgZU
gíj cyíËeaÆbfzwî×i A¯¦MÆZ wQj| kÉxPG±`Êi (930 Aõ) cwøgfvM ZvgËkvmGb
cyíËeaÆbfzwî×i A¯¦MÆZ kÉxnë gíGji AvIZvaxb Mij, ˆcvMi I P±`Êcyi welqmgƒGn
f„wg`vGbi cÉgvY iGqGQ| AZ‰e eGãi Dîi cƒeÆ cÉvG¯¦ wmGjU Açj cyíËeaÆbfzwî×i
A¯¦fzÆî× wQj| cvj-ˆmb hyGMi f„wg`vGbi `wjj ˆ^GK cÉgvY cvIqv hvq ˆh,
ˆfŒGMvwjK w`K ˆ^GK cƒeÆeGãi cÉvq mgMÉ AçGji mGã mgweÕ¦†Z eã cÉkvmwbK
‰KK cyíËeaÆGbi mvG^ mswkÏÓ¡ wQj (ˆcŒíËeaÆbfzî×ů¦t cvwZeGã weò×gcyifvGM)
cieZÆxKvGj
ivp I `ífzwî× mg¯¼Gq MwVZ evsjvi cwøgvçj eÅZxZ cÉvq mgMÉ evsjv cyíËeaÆb
ev ˆcŒíËeaÆGbi AvLÅvaxGb PGj AvGm| ˆjLZvwî½K mƒGòi ZzjbvgƒjK MGelYv
ˆ^GK ‰ mÁ·GKÆ Õ¼œQ aviYv cvIqv hvq| fvMxi^xi cƒeÆvçj cyíËeaÆbi…Gc DwÍÏwLZ
nGjI ‰i cwøgvçj Abyi…c bvGg DwÍÏwLZ bq|
cyíËeaÆbfzwî×
«¼viv hLb e†nîi Açj ˆevSvZ ZLbI Dîi eã ˆh cyíËeaÆbfzwî×iB A¯¦MÆZ wQj
Zv ˆevSv hvq| egÆYivGRi ‰KwU wjwcGZ ˆKŒkwÁ¼ AÓ¡MœQ LíGji (ivRkvnxi wbKUÕ©
KzmyÁ¼) DGÍÏL ˆ^GK|
PxGbi
mGã gMGai ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ msGhvMÕ©Gji Dci cyíËeaÆGbi AewÕ©wZ ‰i ài‚Z½
AviI evwoGq ˆ`q| wLËÓ¡xq mµ¦g kZvõxi w«¼ZxqvGaÆ ‰Z`çGj AvMgbKvix cwieËvRK
wnDGqb-mvs-‰i weeiYI ‰ AçGji mg†w«¬i BwãZ ˆ`q|
wnDGqb mvs K-Pz-D-wL-ˆjv (ivRgnGji wbKGU KRãj) ˆ^GK cƒeÆ w`GK hvòv ÷i‚
KGi, Mãv ˆcwiGq cyb-b-d-Zb-b (cyíËeaÆb) AçGj ˆcuŒQvb| ˆmLvb ˆ^GK wZwb
AviI cƒeÆ w`GK Mgb KGib ‰es wKq-ˆgv-jy-ˆcv (Kvgi…c) ˆcuŒQvGZ ‰K wekvj
b`x AwZò×g KGib| myZivs KRãj ˆ^GK cyíËeaÆb nGq Kvgi…c chƯ¦ ‰KwU c^
wQj| myZivs gaÅMvGãq DcZÅKvi msÕ•‡wZi weÕ¦vi NUvGZ cyíËeaÆGbi AewÕ©wZ
wQj Lye AbyK„j|
KiGZvqvgvnvZÄÅ
ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ Z^Å Abyhvqx «¼v`k kZvõx chƯ¦ cyíËbMi ‰KwU AwZ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
Õ©j wnGmGe we`Ågvb wQj| gaÅhyGM cyíËbMi ‰es ‰i mGã mGã cyíËeaÆbI weÕÆwZi
AZGj ZwjGq hvq| ‰ mgq AçjwU gnvÕ©vb bvGg AvLÅvZ nq|
[myP±`Êv ˆNvl]