cvwL  Aves ˆkÉYxi Dúiî×wewkÓ¡, ˆ`n cvjGK Ave†Z ‰es AMÉc` Wvbvq i…cv¯¦wiZ ˆgi‚`íx cÉvYx| ‰G`i gwÕ¦Ó• AGcÞvK‡Z eo, `†wÓ¡ ZxÞ° I kÉeYkwî× cÉLi, wK¯§ NËvYkwî× Kg| fvix ˆPvqvj I `uvGZi cwieGZÆ kî× Pçz ‰es duvcv nvo I AbÅvbÅ AsGk evqy^jx ^vKvq cvwLi ˆ`Gni IRb Kg| cÉvq 15 ˆKvwU eQi AvGM RyivwmK mgGq cvwLG`i Drcwî| RvbvgGZ Archaeopteryx lithographica bvGgi cÉvPxbZg cvwLi RxevkÄ (1861 mvGj `wÞY RvgvÆwbi evfvwiqvq cÉvµ¦) AvweÓ•‡Z nIqvi dGjB ‰B aviYvi R¯Ã| ‰ cvwL RyivwmK mgGqi ˆkl w`GK cÉvq 20 ˆKvwU eQi AvGM ˆeuGP wQj| Archaeopteryx cvwLG`i mGã mÁ·ÆwKZ nGjI ‰wUi AwaKvsk nvGoi MVb theropod WvBGbvmiG`i gGZv|

mixm†c I cvwL ‰KB cƒeÆcyi‚l ˆ^GK D«¿„Z| cÉðZî½we`G`i wek¼vm, RxweZ mixm†Gci gGaÅ Crocodilians ev KzwgiivB cvwLG`i wbKUZg ævwZ| cvwLi gGaÅ `ywU eo aiGbi kvixiÕ©vbMZ AwfGhvRb NGUGQ: 1. cvjK, mÁ¿eZ mixm†Gci Auvk ˆ^GK D«¿„Z hv ˆ`n AveiGKi KvR KGi ‰es kixGii wÕ©i Zvcgvòv iÞvi mvg^ÆÅ ˆhvMvq ‰es 2. Wvbv, mÁ¿veÅ mixm†cxq cƒeÆcyi‚Gli 5 AvOzjwewkÓ¡ AMÉc` AZÅwaK cwiewZÆZ nGq AwfGhvwRZ cvjKmn cvLbvq i…cv¯¦wiZ nGqGQ, hv cvwLGK Iovi ÞgZv w`GqGQ|

eZÆgvGb cÉvq 9,000 cÉRvwZ wbGq Aves ˆkÉYx MwVZ| Passeriformes (passerines ev MvqK cvwL wnGmGe cwiwPZ) eMÆfzî× cvwLi cÉRvwZi msLÅv RvbvgGZ AGaÆGKiI ˆewk| AewkÓ¡ meàwj eMÆGK ‰KGò non-passerines ejv nq| cvwLi AvKvi I AvK‡wZ eüwea: DUcvwLi (Struthio camelus) `uvovGbv AeÕ©vq DœPZv 2.5 wgUvi, Avi c†w^exi Þz`ËZg cvwL nvwgsevGWÆi (Mellisuga healenae) ˆjGRi WMv ˆ^GK ˆVuvGUi AvMv chƯ¦ Š`NÆÅ 6 ˆmw´ŸwgUvGii Kg| fviZ DcgnvG`Gk 12 kZvwaK cÉRvwZi cvwLi evm| evsjvG`Gk iGqGQ 628 cÉRvwZi cvwL (16 eMÆ, 67 ˆMvò; 276 MvqK, 352 AMvqK)| ‰àwji gGaÅ 388 AvevwmK (16 eMÆ I 60 ˆMvò; 171 MvqK I 217 AMvqK) ‰es 240 cwihvqx (10 eMÆ I 33 ˆMvò; 105 MvqK I 135 AMvqK)| DcgnvG`Gki e†nîg cvwL (`uvovGbv DœPZv cÉvq 1.75 wgUvi) mvim (Grus antigone), mÁ·ÉwZ evsjvG`Gk K`vwPr ˆ`Lv hvq| àwUKq gaycvqx I mvbevWÆ PoyB AGcÞv ˆQvU, mÁ¿eZ ‰ivB ‰LvbKvi Þz`ËZg cvwL| c†w^exGZ cvwLi msLÅv cÉwZw`b KgGQ| cÉwZ 9 cÉRvwZi gGaÅ 1 cÉRvwZ wejywµ¦i cG^| evsjvG`Gk ‰B gynƒGZÆ 41 cÉRvwZi (388 AvevwmK cÉRvwZi gGaÅ) cvwL ügwKMÉÕ¦| Z¯ÃGaÅ 19wU wec®², 18wU wec®²cÉvq I 4wU wec`mxgvq| ‰LvbKvi 388 AvevwmK cÉRvwZi gGaÅ Z^ÅvfvGe 158 cÉRvwZi eZÆgvb AeÕ©v gƒjÅvqb mÁ¿e nq wb| evÕ§msÕ©vwbK cwieZÆb cvwLKzGji mswÕ©wZ ÞwZMÉÕ¦ KGiGQ| KGqK aiGbi ebvçj ev Rjvf„wg mswkÏÓ¡ AvevGmi mGã RwoZ cvwLi msLÅv KGgGQ| evsjvG`Gk 70-80 eQi AvGM wcâGnW ev ˆMvjvcx-wki nuvm (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea), euyPv ev ˆKvÁ¼ nuvm (Sarkidiornis melanotos), gqƒi (Pavo cristatus) I egÆx gqƒi (Pavo muticus) hG^Ó¡ msLÅvq QwoGq-wQwUGq wQj hv eZÆgvGb evsjvG`k ˆ^GK ˆjvc ˆcGqGQ|

cÉvK-gyMj AvgGji fviZxq cvwL mÁ·GKÆ ZG^Åi Afve iGqGQ| ZG^Åi AbÅvbÅ DrGmi gGaÅ AvGQ KGqKwU msÕ•‡Z kõGKvl| cvwLi WvKwfwîK wKQy bvg AvGQ ˆhgb, KvDqvi RbÅ a»bÅvñK kõ ‘KvK’; AbÅàwj is, AvPiY, fwã, Avnvi-c«¬wZ BZÅvw` wfwîK| KZKàwj bvg mnGR kbvî×GhvMÅ, Avevi KZKàwj `yGeÆvaÅ| cvwL wekvi` iNyexi IBme msÕ•‡Z bvg ˆ^GK cvwLàwj mwVKfve kbvî× Kivi ˆPÓ¡v KGib ‰es ævZ fviZxq cvwL cÉRvwZi mGã mswkÏÓ¡ 250wU msÕ•‡Z kõ wPwn×Z KGib| Šew`K cÉvæiv fviZxq ˆKvwKGji cif‡r Õ¼fve (brood parasitism) mÁ·GKÆ mycwiwPZ wQGjb ‰es msÕ•‡Z mvwnGZÅ Zvi eYÆbv w`GqGQb|

evei ˆ^GK kvnRvnvb chƯ¦ mKj gyMj mgËvU `Þ ò×xovwe` I meÆGZvgyLx cÉK‡wZGcÉwgK wQGjb| evei I Zuvi ˆcŒò Rvnvãxi wQGjb ‰KRb cÉK‡wZwe`| cvwLi Õ¼fve ‰es AvPiY mÁ·GKÆ ZuvG`i eÅwî×MZ chÆGeÞGYi wKQy ŠeævwbK weeiYx iGqGQ| weËwUk AvgGj cywjk, Avgjv, eb I ˆmbv KgÆKZÆvG`i cÉ`î Z^Åvw` wewf®² AçGji cvwL chÆGeÞGYi myGhvM m†wÓ¡ KGi| eËvqvb nWmb (Brain Hodgson), wU.wm RvWÆb (TC Jerdon) I ‰WIqvWÆ weÐ^ (Edward Blyth) cÉgyL eÅwî× cvwL welqK w`M`kÆx Mɯ©vw` iPbv KGib| 1862-1864 mvGj cÉKvwkZ RvWÆGbi `yB LGíi Birds of India kxlÆK Mɯ© iPbv ˆ^GKB ‰G`Gk h^v^Æ cwÞweævGbi mƒPbv| Mɯ©Kvi weËwUk cvwLi mGã mv`†GkÅi wfwîGZ mKj fviZxq cvwLi ‰KwU BsGiwR bvg ˆ`b| ‰G`i AGbKàwjB hywî×mãZfvGe h^v^Æ nGjI cieZÆx Mɯ©Kviiv ‰me bvGgi wKQy msGkvaGbi ˆPÓ¡v KGib| `k LGí cÉKvwkZ mvwjg Avjx I wWjb wiwµÏ (Dillon Ripley) cÉYxZ Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan (1968-73) Mɯ©vewji meÆGkl msÕ•iY cvwLi bvgKiY P„ov¯¦i…c aviY KGiwQj| B`vwbs cvwLi bvgKiGY eÅvcK cwieZÆb ‰GmGQ|

kÅvgv	ˆcuPv	eveyB cvwL
AvGqviv cvwL	MvskvwjK	WvüK
KvGjvWvbv wPj	mv`veyK gvQivOv	Kvwb eK/ Kvbv eK

fviZxq cvwL mÁ·GKÆ cÉvPxbZg ‘AvaywbK’ weeiYxwU gv`ËvR BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi mvRÆb ‰WIqvWÆ evKGj 1713 mvGj cÉKvk KGib| ‰GZ wQj ˆm´Ÿ RRÆ `yMÆ I Zvi AvGkcvGki 22wU cvwLi mwPò eYÆbv| AviI wKQy cvwL msMÉvnK I Mɯ©Kvi AvVvGiv kZGKi AewkÓ¡ mgGq ‰KB aiGbi KvR KGi ˆMGQb| ‰G`i gGaÅ AGbGK nqGZv bZzb AvweÓ•‡Z cvwLi eYÆbv w`Gq ev Õ¼bvGg H bZzb cÉRvwZi cvwLi bvgKiY KGi I AbÅfvGe fviZxq cwÞweævGb Ae`vb ˆiGL ˆMGQb| f„Zî½we` KÅvG¶Ÿb ˆRgGmi fviGZi AvçwjK cvwL kbvî×KiGYi cÉ^g ‰KwbÓ¤ cÉqvm 1831 mvGj ‰KwU ŠeævwbK mvgwqKxGZ (Proc. Zool. Soc., London) cÉKvwkZ nq| wZwb we®¬ÅceÆGZi wkjv MGelYvq gaÅcÉG`k I hyî×cÉG`k AwfhvGb hvb ‰es ‰BmGã ‰wkqvwUK ˆmvmvBwUi RbÅ cvwLI msMÉn KGib| msM†nxZ 156 RvGZi 200 cvwLi bgybvi gGaÅ 30wU wQj bZzb cÉRvwZ|

wU.wm RvWÆGbi ci Fauna of British India Mɯ©gvjvq 1889 I 1898 mvGji gGaÅ BDwRb WweÐD IwUm I WweÐD wU eÐÅvbGdvWÆ cÉYxZ cvwLi Ici 4 Lí hyî× nIqvi dGj fviZxq cvwLweævGbi AvGiKwU ˆgŒwjK AMÉMwZ NGU| cƒeÆmƒixG`i KvGRi gGZv ‰GZI A¯¦eÆZÆx 27 eQGii gvV chÆvGq I Rv`yNGi mÁ·®² eÅvcK MGelYvi hveZxq ævb msKwjZ nq|

Õ¡zqvUÆ ˆeKvi (Stuart Baker) XvKv I evsjvi AbÅò ‰jvKvi cvwL mÁ·GKÆ mvgvbÅ wKQy KvR KGib, ZGe Zuvi cÉavb KgÆGÞò wQj Avmvg| XvKvi gvwKÆb Kbmvj B nR (E Hodge) (1957-1960) `vµ¦wiK KvGR ev QywUi w`Gb evBGi ˆMGj ˆhme cvwL ˆ`LGZb ˆmàwji ‰KwU ZvwjKvi 5wU wgwgIMÉvwdK Kwc cÉÕ§Z KGib| evsjvG`Gk nvi‚b-Ai-iwkG`i Systematic List of the Birds of East Pakistan (1967) kxlÆK cÉ^g mgw¯¼Z ZvwjKv ‰wkqvwUK ˆmvmvBwU Ae cvwKÕ¦vb (1969) cÉKvk KGi| Õ¼vaxbZvi ci KvRx RvGKi ˆnvGmb 1979 mvGj Birds of Bangladesh cÉYqb KGib| ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx ˆiRv LvGbi Wildlife of Bangladesh (1982) MÉG¯©I cvwLi ‰KwU ZvwjKv iGqGQ| WweÐD wR nvGfÆ wjwLZ Birds in Bangladesh ZvwjKvwUI cÉmãZ DGÍÏLÅ|

XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi cÉvwYweævb wefvGMB cvwL welqK cÉ^g wkÞv I MGelYvi mƒòcvZ| eZÆgvGb XvKv, RvnvãxibMi I PëMÉvg wek¼we`ÅvjGqi cÉvwYweævb wefvGM cwÞweævGbi ˆKvmÆ Pvjy iGqGQ| MZ 2000 mvGj B´ŸvibÅvkbÅvj BDwbqb di KbRviGfkb Ae ˆbPvi (IUCN) evsjvG`Gki wec®² cvwLi ZvwjKv cÉKvk KGiGQ ‰es ˆmLvGb wewf®² cÉRvwZi cvwLi eZÆgvb AeÕ©v ewYÆZ nGqGQ|  [ˆgvt AvGbvqvi‚j Bmjvg]

LuvPvi cvwL (Cage bird)  LuvPvq ew±` KGi mdjfvGe ˆcvl gvbvGbv hvq ‰gb cvwL| Zviv ˆmLvGbB eske†w«¬ KGi, dGj ZvG`i cÉvK‡wZK I PvwiwòK ŠewkÓ¡Å AGbKUv e`Gj hvq I ˆkl chƯ¦ Zviv cÉvq M†ncvwjZ nGq IGV| ˆcvlvcvwLi D`vniY nGjv ˆZvZv (Psittacines or Parrots) ‰es KÅvbvwi I gywbqvi gGZv wKQy Po~B RvZxq cvwL| ‰G`i gGaÅ cÉvPxbZg ˆcvlvcvwL nGjv AGÕ¡Ëjxq evRvwiMvi (Melopsittacus undulatus)| Rb ˆMvΣ AGÕ¡Ëwjqv ˆ^GK 1840 mvGj ‰B ˆZvZvcvwL hyî×ivGRÅ cÉ^g AvGbb ‰es ZLb ˆ^GKB ‰B cvwL e±`x AeÕ©vq eske†w«¬ KiGQ ‰es Av¯¦tcÉRbb I bZzb Avbv bgybvàwji mGã Av¯¦tcÉRbGbi gvaÅGg bvbv iGOi KGqK WRb cÉKviGf` m†wÓ¡ KGiGQ| ‰B cvwLG`i Avw` PvwiwòK ŠewkGÓ¡Å ‰ZUv cwieZÆb NGUGQ ˆh AGbGK ‰GK ‘ˆcvlv’ cÉRvwZ eGj| ‰wU AGÕ¡Ëwjqvq cÉvK‡wZK cÉRvwZ wnGmGe ‰LbI wUGK AvGQ| evRvwiMvi 17-19 ˆmwg jÁ¼v, ˆQvU I nvjKv IRGbi cvwL, ˆjR ˆ`Gni Zzjbvq jÁ¼v| ‰B cvwLi cÉK‡Z is bxjvf-KvjGP, gv^vi mvgGb ˆ^GK wcV chƯ¦ mv`v I meyR, AGbKUv ˆReËvi ˆ`Gni gGZv mv`v-meyGR ˆWvivKvUv| cvLbv wPòwewPò| LuvPvi ‰B cvwLG`i gGaÅ AekÅ LuvwU njy` fÅvivBwUmn AGbKàwj gaÅeZÆx iKgGdi iGqGQ|

evsjvG`Gk mPivPi `†Ó¡ RbwcÉq AbÅvbÅ ˆcvlv cvwLG`i gGaÅ iGqGQ KÅvbvwi (Serinus canaria), gywbqv (Longchura species), jvjgywbqv (Amandava amandava, Syn. Estrilda amandava), RvfvPo~B (Padda oryzivora), ˆmvbvwj wdbP (Carduelis carduelis), meyR wdbP (Carduelis chloris) I luvo wdbP (Pyrhula pyrrhula), jvf evWÆ (Agapornis species), ˆReËv wdbP (Peophila guttata) ‰es ˆKvKvwUGqj (Nymphicus hollandicus), hv Avevi niGevjv wKsev eüi…cx| KÅvbvwi cvwLiv ‰GmGQ AvjGRwiqvi cwøGgi AvUjvw´ŸK gnvmvMGii AÅvGRvim, gÅvGWBiv I KÅvbvwi «¼xc ˆ^GK| gywbqv I PoyB BZÅvw`i Avevm evsjvG`k I ‰wkqvi AbÅvbÅ AsGk| wdbPRvZxq cvwLG`i Avw` evmf„wg BDGivc|

wkKvGii cvwL (Game bird)  ˆkŒwLb wkKvwiiv cÉvq wbqwgZ e±`yK w`Gq nZÅv KGi ‰gb cvwL| Do¯¦ cvwLi wbkvbv ˆf` ev ˆmËd gRv Kivi RbÅI cvwL gviv nq| wkKvGii cvwLG`i AwaKvskB Galliformes A^Ævr ebGgviM, gqƒi I KvVgqƒi eMÆfzî×| Scolopacidae ˆMvòfzî× KviwjD, Kv`vGLvPv, eoPvMv ev eyGbvPvMv cvwL Otididae ˆMvòfzî× evÕ¡vWÆ cvwLi mGã mÁ·wKÆZ| ˆeãj ˆdÑvwiKvb cvwLI wkKvGii cvwL wnGmGe MYÅ| c†w^exi bvbv AçGji AbÅ AviI wKQy ˆMvGòi cvwL wkKvGii cvwLi ZvwjKvq iGqGQ|

evsjvG`Gk mvaviYZ wkKvGii cvwL nGjv ebGgviM (Gallus gallus), KvVgqƒi (Polyplectron bicalcaratum), g^yiv ev KvGjvgqƒi (Lophura leucomelanos), wZwZi (Francolinus) cÉRvwZ, ˆKvGqj (Coturnix) cÉRvwZ, Turnix-‰i `ywU cÉRvwZ, ‰es Arboriphila I Bambusicola-i A¯¦fÆyî× wZb cÉRvwZi cÅvwUÇR (Patridge) cvwL|

KGqK `kK AvGM evsjvG`Gk fviZxq gqƒi (Pavo cristatus), meyR gqƒi ev egÆx gqƒi (Pavo muticus) ˆ`Lv ˆhZ| eZÆgvGb ‰me gqƒi ‰G`k ˆ^GK ˆjvc ˆcGqGQ| PëMÉvg I wmGjU AçGji RãGj ‰LbI ˆek wKQy ebGgviM I g^yiv cvwL ˆ`Lv hvq| ebGgviM my±`ieGbB ˆewk| evsjvG`Gki `wÞYvçGj I `wÞY-cƒeÆvçGji Z‡Yf„wgi ‰KmgGqi evwm±`v ˆeãj ˆdÑvwiKvb (Eupodotis bengalensis) mÁ¿eZ evsjvG`k ˆ^GK wejyµ¦ nGq ˆMGQ|

wkKvGii cvwLG`i ‰K ˆMvò Scolopacidae-‰i me cvwLB cwihvqx| ‰G`i gGaÅ mnR`†Ó¡ cwihvqx cvwL nGjv: àwj±`v/Numenius-‰i 2wU cÉRvwZ, Ryivwj/Limosa-‰i 2wU cÉRvwZ, PvcvwL/Tringa-‰i 13-14 cÉRvwZ, Pnv ev Kv`vGLvPv/Gallinago-‰i 5-6 cÉRvwZ, eo-PvMv ev eyGbv-PvMv/Scolopax rusticola, evgb PvcvwLi 3-4 cÉRvwZ, Calidris ‰es Ruff (Philomachus pugnax)| ‰G`i gGaÅ Kv`vGLuvPv I eyGbvPvMv ‰KKfvGe ^vGK ‰es AbÅ cvwLG`i ‰KGò KGqKwU ˆ^GK KGqK nvRvi ˆ`Lv hvq| mgy`Ë DcKzjxq Açj, b`xi ˆgvnbv, Pivçj, wej, nvIi, evuIo, cvnvwo b`x I cyKzGi ‰G`i ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq| eo `j ^vGK eo RjvkGqi ‰jvKvq| eyGbv-PvMvi emevm cveÆZÅ ˆRjvi Mfxi eGbi ˆmËvZwÕ¼bxi cvGo|

cwihvqx cvwL (Migratory bird)  kxZKvGj I gvGS-gGaÅ AbÅ FZzGZ evsjvG`Gk Avmv wKsev hvòvcG^ wKQy w`Gbi RbÅ weiwZ ˆbqv AwZw^ cvwL| evsjvG`Gk cwihvqx cvwLG`i ˆewki fvMB AvGm DcgnvG`Gki DîivsGki ceÆZgq ‰jvKv A^Ævr wngvjq ev wngvjGqi Icvk ˆ^GK| wKQy cÉRvwZi cvwL AvGm BDGivGci wewf®² Açj I `ƒicÉvPÅ, ˆhgb mvBGewiqv ˆ^GK| myZivs BDGiwkqv ˆ^GK `wÞY, `wÞY-cƒeÆ I cƒeÆ-‰wkqvq A^Ævr `wÞY w`GKB wecyj msLÅK cvwL cwihvqx nq| KGqKwU gvò cÉRvwZ DîigyGL ‰es evsjvG`k nGqB hvZvqvZ KGi| Avevi KZKàwj cÉRvwZi cvwL AviI `wÞY I `wÞY-cƒGeÆ hvIqvi cG^ evsjvG`Gki gvwUGZ bvGg I `y’‰Kw`b ^vGK| ‰ivB hvòvweiwZKvix (transit) cÉRvwZ| AviI wKQy cvwL ˆngG¯¦ `wÞGY ev emG¯¦ DîGi hvòvKvGj evsjvG`Gk ^vGg ‰es hvòvweiwZ AGcÞv wKQy ˆewk mgq KvUvq| ‰gb cÉRvwZi cvwLI iGqGQ hviv ˆKej ˆngG¯¦ ev emG¯¦ ZvG`i M¯¦GeÅ ˆcŒuQvi mgq evsjvG`Gki AvKvkmxgv w`Gq DGo hvq| wKQy cvwL cƒeÆ ˆ^GK cwøGgI hvq hviv mÁ¿eZ evsjvG`Gk AvGm bv| ‰KB ˆ`Gki ev Þz`Ë AçGji gGaÅ MgbGK Õ©vbxq cwihvqx eGj|

cwihvqx cvwL

evsjvG`Gk 6 kZvwaK cÉRvwZi cvwL iGqGQ hvG`i A¯¦Z 200 cÉRvwZ cwihvqx| Rvbv hvq ˆh, BDGiwkqvq 300 cÉRvwZi ˆewk cÉRbbKvix cvwLi ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk `wÞY I `wÞY-cƒeÆ ‰wkqv ev AvwdÌKvq cwihvb KGi| ‰me cvwLi ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk evsjvG`Gk AvGm| evsjvG`Gk mvBGewiqv ˆ^GK Kg msLÅK cvwLB AvGm, AwaKvskB AvGm wngvjq I Dîi ‰wkqv ˆ^GK|  [Avjx ˆiRv Lvb]

wkKvwi cvwL (Bird of prey)  AbÅ cÉvYx, weGklZ ˆgi‚`íx cÉvYx wkKvi KGi Lvq ‰gb cvwL| ‰G`i ˆevakwî× AZů¦ ZxÞ° ‰es ˆVuvU I bLi Lye avivj I gReyZ| wkKvwi cvwLiv `ywU `jfzî×: w`evPi I wbkvPi| cÉ^g `Gj AvGQ CMj, wkKiv, evR, evRvWÆ, dÅvjKb, nÅvwiqvi, wPj, ImGcÉ (osprey) I kKzb| Avi w«¼Zxq `Gji cvwL nGjv ˆcuPv|

mviv c†w^exGZ w`evPi I wbkvPi wkKvwi cvwLi cÉRvwZ msLÅv cÉvq 400| evsjvG`Gki 628 cÉRvwZi cvwLi 68 cÉRvwZ wkKvwi, Z¯ÃGaÅ 37 AvevwmK I 31 cwihvqx| ‰G`i meàwj cÉRvwZB Ciconiiformes eMÆfzî× ‰es wkKvwi cvwLiv cÉvq ‰Kv¯¦fvGeB gvsmvkx; Lvq DfPi, mixm†c, cvwL I Õ¦bÅcvqx ‰es KLbI gvQ| ZvG`i AvGQ gReyZ euvKv ˆVuvU ‰es wkKvi AvUGK ivLv I wQuGo LvIqvi mnvqK myMwVZ ˆcwkZ¯¨| AvOzjàwji 3wU AvGQ mvgGbi w`GK I 1wU wcQGbi w`GK ‰es ZvGZ ^vGK jÁ¼v avivGjv euvKv bLi| ImGcÉ c†w^exi meÆò weÕ¦‡Z| ‰iv gvQ wkKvwi, ˆQuv-ˆgGi bLi w`Gq wkKvi ˆMuG^ KuvUvhyî× cvGqi Zjvq ˆPGc aGi|

AwaKvsk nK I CMj gvwUGZ wkKvi bv ˆ`Lv chƯ¦ AvKvGk PØi w`GZ ev MvGQi WvGj eGm ^vGK ‰es ˆ`Lvgvò Dci ˆ^GK SvwcGq cGo wkKviGK AvnZ ev wbnZ KGi| Dîi ˆMvjvGaÆi ˆcGiwMÉb dÅvjKb, nwe I ˆMvmnKiv Do¯¦ AeÕ©vq Zvov KGi wkKvi aGi| cƒeÆ I cwøg ˆMvjvGaÆi kKzbiv kefzK| giv cÉvYx AvnvGii RbÅ IG`i gv^v I Nvo cvjKnxb ‰es ˆVuvU avivGjv| AekÅ Zviv wewf®² ˆMvòfzî× ‰es ZvG`i mv`†kÅ AvmGj Awfm†Z (convergent) weeZÆGbiB mvÞÅ| ÞzG` wgkixq kKzb c÷i weÓ¤v Lvq, weGklZ wmsGni gj, ZvGZ ^vGK cÉPzi ARxYÆ ˆcÉvwUb| ‰iv cv^i w`Gq wWg ˆfGãI Lvq| kKzGbi Wvbv jÁ¼v I PIov ‰es bLi AGcÞvK‡Z ˆmvRv| g†Z cÉvYxi ˆLuvGR Zviv Wvbv ˆgGj AvKvGk PØi ˆ`q| ‰G`i wkKviGK evM gvbvGZ nq bv, ˆQuovi mgq ÷ay AvUGK aiGZ nq|

dÅvjKbG`i kixi mvaviYZ ˆcwkeüj, Wvbv jÁ¼v I ˆPvLv, AvOzj jÁ¼v hv DoGZ I Do¯¦ wkKvi aivi RbÅ AvekÅK| AGbK RvGZi wPGji kixi AGcÞvK‡Z nvjKv MoGbi, cvGqi cvZv `yeÆj I ˆgvUv A^Ævr Zviv ZZUv wkKvi`Þ bq, Lvq giv RxeR¯§, wKsev ˆLuvGR mnR wkKvi| jÁ¼v-cv nÅvwiqvi I Õ·ÅvGivnK ˆSvcSvGo nvbv ˆ`q| gReyZ-cv dÅvjKb cÉvqk QyGU wMGq Do¯¦ wkKviGK mGRvGi avØv w`Gq ˆdGj ˆ`q| wKQy Rswj CMGji cvàwj ˆgvUvGmvUv, bLiàwjI avivGjv, MvQ ˆ^GK ˆQuv-ˆgGi aiGZ cvGi evbi I AbÅvbÅ eomo Õ¦bÅcvqx| dÅvjKbiv Nv ˆgGi wKsev Nvo/wki`uvov ˆfGã wkKviGK Kvey KGi| Accipitridae ˆMvGòi nK I AbÅiv ˆRvGi ˆPGc aGi wkKvi gvGi| me RvGZi wkKvwi cvwL ^vev w`Gq wkKvi aGi I ˆVuvU w`Gq wQGo ˆdGj|  [ˆgvt AvGbvqvi‚j Bmjvg]