cuvPvwj ‰K
cÉKvi ˆjvKMxwZ| ‰GZ MvGbi gvaÅGg ˆKvb AvLÅvb ewYÆZ nq| cçvj ev cçvwjKv
kõ ˆ^GK cuvPvwj kGõi Drcwî| Avevi ‰GZ Mvb, evRbv, Qov KvUv, MvGbi jovB
I bvP ‰B cçvGãi mgvGeGk NGU eGjI ˆKD ˆKD ‰GK cuvPvwj eGjb| cƒGeÆ cÉavbZ
KvwnbxgƒjK MvGbi mGã cyZzjbvP cÉ`kÆGbi cÉ^v cÉPwjZ wQj eGj ‰B
MxZGK cuvPvwj ejv nGZv| cieZÆxKvGj (18 kZGK I 19 kZGKi cÉ^gw`GK) cyZzjbvP
iwnZ nGq ˆMGj gƒj MvGqb wbGR cvGq bƒcyi ‰es nvGZ Pvgi I gw±`iv wbGq
b†ZÅ cwiGekb KiGZb| KLbI KLbI wZwb wewf®² cvòcvòxi i…c aviY KGi nvmÅimI
cwiGekb KiGZb| ‰B ò×Ggv®²Z AÅvLvwqKv ev KvwnbxcÉavb mãxZ avivwUI
cuvPvwj bvGg cÉwm«¬ nq| cuvPvwjGZ ‰K mgq Uµ¸vmn wewf®² MvGbi AbycÉGek
NGU| gaÅhyGM ivgvqY , gnvfviZ , gãjKveÅ
cÉf‡wZ AvLÅvbKveÅI cuvPvwji myGi MvIqv nGZv| ‰gbwK AGbK cyw^I cuvPvwji
myGi cvV Kiv nGZv|
cuvPvwjGZ
ˆcŒivwYK, ˆjŒwKK A^ev mgmvgwqK ˆhGKvb welq DcRxeÅ nGZ cviZ| ‰GZ ‰KRb
cÉavb MvqK bvUKxq fwãGZ Ave†wî, Qov I MxZ «¼viv gƒj Kvwnbx wee†Z
KiGZb| Kvjò×Gg cuvPvwji weeZÆb I cÉmvGii dGj gƒj MvqGKi mGã ‰KvwaK MvGqGbi
msGhvM NGU| Zviv g†`ã, ˆXvj, Kuvwm cÉf‡wZ ˆjvKev`Åh¯¨ evwRGq
cuvPvwj MvBGZb|
AvVvGiv
kZGKi ˆklw`GK cuvPvwj bZzb i…c jvf KGi| ZLb ‰GZ AvLÅvb, KweMvGbi Qov
KvUv, Aãfwã I AwfbGqi mswgkÉY NGU| Dwbk kZGK cuvPvwjGZ mshyî× nq msjvcixwZ,
hv gƒj MvGqGbi «¼vivB AwfbxZ nGZv| ‰ mgq bZzb msGhvRb wnGmGe hyî× nq
‰KwU ‘mO’ Pwiò| ‰ PwiòwU Mvb I Qov Ave†wî A^ev bvGPi gvaÅGg wewf®² mvgvwRK
AmãwZi nvmÅKi AbyKiGYi «¼viv nvmÅiGmi m†wÓ¡ KiZ| Dwbk kZGK evsjvi mgmvgwqK
mvgvwRK welqvw`, ˆhgb ZvjvKcÉvµ¦ igYxi cybweÆevn, AvqKi mgmÅv wKsev
cÉwZgvcƒRvweGivax Bqs ˆeãj mÁ·wKÆZ cuvPvwj LyeB RbwcÉq wQj|
‰B cuvPvwj ˆ^GKB cieZÆxKvGj eüj RbwcÉq hvòvMvGbi D«¿e nq|
cuvPvwj
iPwqZvG`i gGaÅ weGkl cÉwm«¬ `vkiw^ ivq | wZwb cÉ^g RxeGb Kweqvj
wQGjb| ‘`v÷ ivGqi cuvPvwj’ mviv evsjvq weGkl LÅvwZ ARÆb KGi| `vkiw^
ivq cÉgyL RbwcÉq KweMGYi cÉGPÓ¡vq Dwbk kZGK ˆh beÅ cuvPvwj-avivi mƒòcvZ
nq, Zv gƒjZ KxZÆb Mvb ˆ^GKB D«¿„Z| `vkiw^ ivGqi cuvPvwj mvaviGYi
gGaÅ ˆjvKwkÞv, mvwnZÅGeva, agÆGeva ‰es mgvRGPZbv RvMÉZ KGi| Zuvi cuvPvwji
gaÅ w`GqB meÆcÉ^g gaÅhyM ˆ^GK AvaywbK hyGMi evsjv mvwnGZÅi weeZÆGbi
cwiPq cvIqv hvq| cGi gGbvGgvnb emy cÉewZÆZ beÅ avivi cuvPvwjGZ
KweMvGbi Mfxi cÉfve cGowQj| ‰ mgGqi AbÅvbÅ LÅvwZgvb cuvPvwjKviiv nGœQb
VvKzi`vm `î (1801-1876), iwmKP±`Ê ivq (1820-1892), eËRGgvnb ivq (1831-1876),
iwmKP±`Ê ˆMvÕ¼vgx, b±`jvj ivq, K‡úKgj ˆMvÕ¼vgx cÉgyL| kxZjvi cuvPvwj,
mZÅbvivqY ev mZÅcxGii cuvPvwj weGklfvGe DGÍÏLGhvMÅ `ywU
cuvPvwj KveÅ| [mgevi‚ P±`Ê gn¯¦]