cUwPò  cGU AwâZ wewf®² wPò| msÕ•‡Z ‘cë’ (Kvco) kõ ˆ^GK ‘cU’ kGõi Drcwî, Avi ‰B cGU AwâZ wPòB nGœQ cUwPò| cÉvPxb evsjvq hLb ˆKvb `ievwi wkG͸i aviv MGo IGV wb ZLb cUwPòB wQj evsjvi ˆMŒiegq HwZGnÅi aviK| Avi ‰ wPò hviv Aâb KiGZb ev ‰LbI KiGQb ZuvG`i ejv nq cUzqv|

cU cÉavbZ `y cÉKvi `xNÆ RovGbv cU I Þz`ËvKvi ˆPŒKv cU| RovGbv cU 15-30 dzU jÁ¼v I 2-3 dzU PIov nq| Avi ˆPŒKv cU nq ˆQvU AvKvGii| KvcGoi Dci Kv`v, ˆMvei I AvVvi cÉGjc w`Gq cÉ^Gg Rwgb ŠZwi Kiv nq| Zvici ˆmB RwgGb cUzqviv Zzwj w`Gq wewf®² wPò Aâb KGib| cGU bvbv aiGbi ˆ`kR is eÅen…Z nq| BuGUi àuov, KvRj, jvj wmu`yi, mv`v Lwo, AvjZv, KvV-Kqjv BZÅvw`I iGOi KvGR eÅenvi Kiv nq| cUwUGK mvaviYZ KGqKwU AsGk fvM KGi Zvi Dci jvj, bxj, njy`, ˆMvjvwc, ev`vwg, mv`v I KvGjv is jvwMGq Qwe AuvKv nq| Zzwj wnGmGe eÅen…Z nq Kwçi WMvq c÷i ˆjvg ev cvwLi cvjK| cwøgeã (fviZ) I evsjvG`Gk AvRI ‰KwU weGkl wPòKi mÁ·É`vq ‰K AvLÅvbagÆÆx ˆjvKwPòKjvi ˆckvq wbGqvwRZ| ‰ wk͸Kjvi Avw` Drcwî mÁ·GKÆ ˆhgb wKQy Rvbv hvq bv ˆZgwb ‰ wk͸KGgÆ wbGqvRZ wPòKi mÁ·É`vGqi Avw` DrcwîI R͸bv-K͸bvi welq|

ˆPŒKm cU, fvBGduvUv, exifƒg, wek kZGKi cÉ^gcv`

gaÅhyGMi wn±`y RbmgvR ZvG`i Õ¼Kxq hv^v^ÆÅGevGa ˆckvMZ ˆmvcvwbK wfwîGZ mgvGR eYÆcÉ^v MGo ˆZvGj| e†n«¬gÆcyivGY wek¼i…cKvi wek¼KgÆvi bq ˆQGj mÁ·GKÆ DGÍÏL AvGQ| H AvLÅvb Abyhvqx, wbPzRvGZi ‰K igYxi mGã wek¼KgÆvi wgjGbi dGj H bq m¯¦vGbi R¯Ã nq| H bq m¯¦vb Z^v bemvqGKi wbqwZ wbaÆvwiZ nq ZvG`iGK MZi LvwUGq ˆeuGP ^vKGZ nGe - ‰fvGe| cUwPòKiGK H bq m¯¦vGbi KwbÓ¤ m¯¦vb MYÅ Kiv nq| AvU m¯¦vb ˆckvMZ ev AbÅvbÅ DcvGq mvgvwRK chÆvGq ZvG`i AeÕ©vi D®²wZ KiGZ mÞg nGjI, beg wPòKi m¯¦vbwU ZvGZ eÅ^Æ nIqvq Zvi R¯ÃKvGji jjvUwjwci ˆevSvB ZvGK eGq PjGZ nq&| wPòKiG`i ‰ RbmgvR mvgvwRK chÆvGq ZvG`i AeÕ©vi D®²wZi RbÅ ‰KGhvGM Bmjvg MÉnY KGi| ZGe ˆhGnZz ZvicGiI ZvG`i gGaÅ cÉwZgvcƒRvi ixwZ ˆ^GK hvq ˆm KviGY Zviv gymwjg RbmgvGRi gƒjavivq mvgvwRK chÆvGq M†nxZ ev Õ¼xK‡Z nq wb| Avi ZvB ‰ RbmgvGRi ˆjvGKiv ZvG`i Š«¼Z cwiPq w`Gq ^vGK| wbR mgvGRi gGaÅ Zviv ZvG`i gymwjg bvGg cwiwPZ Avevi ZvG`i wn±`y MÉvnKG`i KvGQ ZvG`i cwiPq ˆ`Iqv nq wn±`y bvGgB| ZGe ZvG`i bvGgi mvG^ mvaviY bvg : wPòKi -‰ kõwU ˆ`GLB ZvG`i ˆckv aiv hvq|

cUwPò weò×qGhvMÅ cYÅ bq| cUwPòKgÆ eskvbyò×wgK ˆckv iÞvi Dcvq| ‰ wk͸‹kjxi DîivwaKvi ‰K cyi‚l ˆ^GK AvGiK cyi‚Gl eZÆvq| cUzqv, cwU`vi I cU- ‰ me bvGg ‰KRb wPòKi mvaviYZ cwiwPZ| wPòKi ‰KvavGi Kwe, MvqK I wPòwk͸x| wPòKi wn±`y AwZK^vi AvLÅvb KvwnbxGK Qovi AvKvi ˆ`q| Avi ZvGZ ‰KUv bxwZ wkÞvi welqI ^vGK| ˆÕ˜vj ˆcw´Ÿs ev RovGbv cGU avivevwnK KGqKwU KvVvGgv ev ˆdÌGg AvLÅvbKvwnbxi avivwPòàwj AuvGK cUwPòKi| MÉvnGKi KvGQ ˆm Zvi RovGbv cGUi ˆdÌgàwj ‰GKi ci ‰K LyGj aGi eYÆbv KGi ˆhGZ ^vGK| Avi Zvi gvGS ˆh bxwZ wkÞvi welq ZzGj aiv nq ZvGZ RxeGbi bvbv cvc I cyYÅ mÁ·GKÆ ˆkÉvZviv mRvM nGq IGV| 

cUwPGòi cwiK͸bv I ŠkjxGZ wk͸Kjvi ˆKvb D«¿vebx cÉwZfvi Õ¼vÞi ivLvi AvKzwZ cwi`†Ó¡ nq bv| eskvbyò×Gg nÕ¦v¯¦wiZ I cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i ˆiGL hvIqv Škjxi cÉwkÞGY aiveuvav wKQy avivwebÅvm, ˆiLv, is ‰es fvefwãgvi MZvbyMwZK DîivwaKvi ‰ cUwPòKjv| ‰àwji meB ˆkLvGbv nq cGii cÉR¯ÃGK| ŠkjxMZ mxgve«¬Zv mGî½I ˆh Škjx Avgiv cUwPGò jÞ Kwi, ZvGZ ‰K AbbÅ AvK‡wZMZ mvijÅ I iGOi AcƒeÆ mymãwZ bRGi cGo| cUwPò evsjvi ˆjvKwk͸Kjvi mKj HwZwnÅK DrKGlÆ ŠewkÓ¡ÅgwíZ| ‰ wk͸Kjv mvsÕ•‡wZK mgRvZxqZvq I gƒwZÆi mvG^ wbweo mÁ·wKÆZ ‰K RbGMvÓ¤xi DGóGk wbGew`Z| cUwPò mvaviYZ KvMR ev gvohyî× KvcGo AuvKv nq| mÁÃLgyLx cÉwZK‡wZi wZb PZz^Ævsk cUwPGò ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰GZ nvGZi Zvjy ^vGK gywÓ¡e«¬| cUwPGòi AuvK Z^v WÈwqs agÆxq cÉK‡wZi ˆnvK (hieratic) wKsev wbQK ˆiLvi bKkv (diagrammatic) ˆnvK ZvGZ Õ©vbbÅvGm MfxiZvi (spatial depth) Afve jÞ Kiv hvq| cUwPGò XvjvI (flat), cÉvYe¯¦ is eÅenvi Kiv nq| wPGò ˆ`nveqGei fvefwãGZ wò×qvi cÉKvk NUGjI gyGL ˆKvb AwfeÅwî× ˆbB| mGgv®²wZ ˆiLvi PviavGi KGjvGiLvq AvK‡wZi ˆfZGi ŠiwLK wefvRbàwj jÞÅYxq| cÉ^g cÉGjGci iGO iGqGQ we÷«¬ is I Dw«¿` iéK| KvGjv iGOi RbÅ SzGji Kvwj eÅenvi Kiv nq|

Rv`ycU ev PÞz`vb cU, ˆgw`bxcyi, Dwbk kZGKi gaÅfvM

RovGbv cUwPGò (scroll painting) wekwUiI ˆewk ˆdËg ev KvVvGgv ^vGK| ‰ QvovI ^vGK, Avo jZvB ev AvqZvKvi RovGbv cU (oblong scroll) hvGZ weGkiI ˆewk ˆdÌg ^vGK| hgcU ev Rv`ycU I PÞzÓÃvb cU ‰àwji mvG^ agÆxq wb`vbZî½ (eschatology) mÁ·wKÆZ| ‰àwj mvÁ·ÉwZK ˆKvb NUbvq ˆkvKm¯¦µ¦ cwievGii RbÅ AuvKv nq| wn±`yG`i agÆwek¼vm mÁ·wKÆZ bvbv AvLÅvbKvwnbx wPwòZ Kivi RbÅ wPòKGiiv ˆjvKmvwnZÅ Dcv`vGbi mvnvhÅ wbGq ^vGK| ‰me QweGZ gvbe I ˆ`e cÉwZK‡wZi mv`†kÅ jÞÅYxq, ZvG`i Õ¼Kxq ŠewkÓ¡Åàwji Zdvr AekÅ jÞ Kiv hvq ZvG`i gv^vq civ gyKzU I AbÅvbÅ ˆ`egƒwZÆ mÁ·wKÆZ weGkl wPn×àwjGZ| wPò eYÆbvq evÕ¦e I K͸bvi Dcvw¯¦K mxgvbv wgGjwgGk ‰KvKvi nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰aiGbi ˆjvKwcÉq AwZK^vgƒjK agÆxq gƒjfveàwji D`vniGY gwnlvmƒigw`Æbx, KgGj Kvwgbx, ˆeüjv-jwL±`i, gbmv-Puv` mI`vMi, K‡ú-ivav, ŠPZbÅjxjv ‰ mGei DGÍÏL Kiv hvq| gis eyi‚, giv-nvRv, wcPjy eywo BZÅvw`i Kvwnbx muvIZuvj mÁ·É`vGqi RbÅ AuvKv nGq ^vGK| Avi wgkɈkÉYxi MÉvnKG`i RbÅ cxicU AuvKv nq| ‰GZ cxi ˆh me AGjŒwKK NUbv mÁ¿e KGib Zv AuvKv nq| ivwkPò× ˆ`wLGq ivwkcU AuvKvi welqwUI RbwcÉq| hg, hv`y I PÞz`vbcGUi gGZv ivwkcU hv`yGUvbv I agÆxq DGóGkÅ eÅenvi Kiv nq| ˆPŒKv cGUi gGaÅ PÞz`vb cU ˆKŒZ„nGjvóxcK| cUzqviv g†Z eÅwî×i PÞzwenxb Kv͸wbK Qwe ‰uGK Zvi Õ¼RbG`i wbKU wMGq ‰B eGj cvwikÉwgK `vwe KiZ ˆh, ˆPvL AuvKv bv nGj Zviv Õ¼GMÆi c^ ˆ`LGZ cvGe bv| ˆPŒKv cGUi gGaÅ KvjxNvGUi cU weLÅvZ| 1´ × 8´ gvGci KvMGR ˆ`eG`ex, gvbyl, eÅã cÉf‡wZ welq AejÁ¼Gb ‰B cU AwâZ nGZv| AvVvGiv-Dwbk kZGKi KjKvZv wQj ‰i jvjb ˆÞò|

cGUi welqeÕ§ nq mvaviYZ agÆxq, mvgvwRK I Kv͸wbK| cUzqvG`i ZzwjGZ gvbyGli fveGjvK I AvaÅvwñK Rxeb mnR-mijfvGe cÉwZdwjZ nq| ˆeŒ«¬ wfÞziv AÓ¡g kZvõx ˆ^GK ey«¬G`Gei Rxebx-msò×v¯¦ RvZGKi M͸mÁ¼wjZ ‘gÕ•ix’ bvgK cU cÉ`kÆb KiGZb| cieZÆx mgGq wn±`yagÆ I cyivY nq cGUi cÉavb welq| wn±`yG`i wewf®² ˆ`eG`ex, ˆhgb: `yMÆv, Kvjx, gbmv, A®²cƒYÆv, jßx, hg, Píx, `k AeZvi cÉf‡wZ; ˆcŒivwYK Kvwnbx, ˆhgb: ivgjxjv, K‡újxjv BZÅvw`, ‰gbwK ŠKjvm, e†±`veb, AGhvaÅv BZÅvw` cweò Õ©vbmgƒnI ‰GZ gƒZÆ nGq IGV| ‰Qvov Rv`y, MvRx ‰es wnGZvcG`kgƒjK wPòcUI AwâZ nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq| wn±`yaGgÆi wke-cveÆZxjxjv, gbmvgãj, Píxgãj, ŠeúeaGgÆi kÉxGMŒivãjxjv BZÅvw` cGUi AvKlÆYxq welq| ivgvqY-gnvfviGZi Kvwnbx, ˆhgb: ivGgi ebevm, mxZvniY, iveYea, K‡újxjv BZÅvw`I cGU AwâZ nq|

cUwPò, ivRv kvwjevnb (KgGj Kvwgbx cGUi Ask), wek kZGKi mƒPbvKvj

gymjgvbG`i MvRxi cGU MvRxKvjy-PÁ·veZxi Kvwnbx wKsev MvRx cxGii exiZ½eÅéK wewf®² AGjŒwKK KgÆKví AwâZ nq| ‰GZ MvRxGK KLbI ˆ`Lv hvq my±`ieGbi ivRvi mGã jovB KiGZ; KLbI eÅvNËc†GÓ¤ mgvmxb; KLbI gv^vq Uzwc A^ev ivRgyKzU, ciGb iwOb cvRvgv wKsev aywZ, ‰K nvGZ Pvgi ev wòGKvY cZvKv ‰es AbÅ nvGZ ZGjvqvi ev gywÓ¡GNiv ˆRÅvwZ| MvRxi cGU gvwbKcxi, gv`vicxi, mZÅcxi, KvjydwKi, ebwewe cÉf‡wZ mÁ·GKÆ bvbv AGjŒwKK wò×qvKGgÆi QweI cÉ`wkÆZ nq|

‰i…c agÆxq wek¼vGmi cvkvcvwk bvbv ˆKŒZzK, iãimmÁ¼wjZ Kvwnbx, eÅãwPò ‰es mvgvwRK `yieÕ©vi wPòI AwâZ nq| KLbI KLbI cuÅvPv, evbi, Mi‚, evN, mvc, Kzwgi ‰es MvQcvjvI Õ©vb cvq| ˆjvKaGgÆ wek¼vmx mvaviY gvbyl AGbK mgq cUzqv ‰es cUwPòGK SvodzuGKi ˆÞGò eÅenvi KGi| AGbGK M†Gn cUwPò msiÞY KivGK KjÅvY ‰es Š`e-`yweÆcvK ˆ^GK iÞv cvIqvi Dcvq eGjI gGb KGi|
	MvRxi cU

evGiv-ˆZGiv ˆ^GK Dwbk kZK chƯ¦ evsjvi cUzqviv ‰ wk͸KgÆ wbgÆvGY weGklfvGe mwò×q wQGjb| evsjvG`Gki XvKv, ˆbvqvLvjx, gqgbwmsn I ivRkvnx ˆRjv ‰es cwøgeGãi exif„g, euvKzov, b`xqv, gywkÆ`vev`, üMwj I ˆgw`bxcyi wQj ‰ wkG͸i cÉavb ˆÞò| gvbwPGòi gGZv RwoGq ‰KwU esk`Gíi gv^vq SzwjGq cUzqv mãxZ mnGhvGM cUwPò cÉ`kÆb Kiv nGZv| ‰àwj wQj ZLb mvaviY gvbyGli agÆZ‡úv wbeviY I wPîweGbv`Gbi AbÅZg gvaÅg| cUwPGòi mGã cUzqv mãxGZi wbweo mÁ·KÆ iGqGQ; cGU hv AwâZ nq, MvGbi evYxGZ ZvB ewYÆZ nq| ‰ Mvb cuvPvwji XGO MvIqv nq|

evsjvG`Gk ‰K mgq MvRxi cU LyeB ài‚Z½cƒYÆ wQj| gyw´ÖMGéi KvVcwëi myaxi AvPvhÆ wQGjb ‰KRb LÅvZbvgv cUzqv| wZwb 1´ x 8´ AvqZGbi MvgQvi Ici BGUi Muyov I ˆZuZzGji wewPi AvVvq ŠZwi RwgGb jvj, KvGjv, njy`, meyR cÉf‡wZ iGO ‰KwU eo cÅvGbGj evGNi wcGV MvRx ‰es Pwe»kwU ˆQvU Qwei ˆLvc AuvGKb| ‰me ˆLvGc AvGQ gKievwnbx Mãv, MvRxi Avmv, Lv±`yqv evN, hg`ƒZ cÉf‡wZ| hgwelqK Qwei KviGY ‰wUGK hgcUI ejv hvq| biwms`xi àbvB ˆeG` cUzqv mãxZ mnGhvGM cU cÉ`kÆb KGib| KjKvZvi Av÷GZvl wgDwRqvg ‰es ài‚m`q `î wgDwRqvGg ‰KvwaK MvRxi cU iwÞZ AvGQ|

AvRKvj cUwPGòi ˆjvKR HwZnÅ `Ë‚Z bMivqGbi dGj ÞxY nGq AvmGQ| ˆjvKvjGqi ˆewkifvM gvbyl ‰Lb AviI jvfRbK ˆckvi KvR ˆeGQ wbGœQ| Avi hviv ‰ fvGe ZvG`i eskvbyò×wgK ˆckv QvoGQ Zviv ZvG`i wn±`y cwiPqI wemRÆb w`GœQ|  [ˆkvfb ˆmvg I ˆZvdvGqj Avng`]