bvwmi‚óxb gvngy` kvn (1435-1459) evsjvi
myjZvb| wZwb wQGjb myjZvb kvgmyóxb Bwjqvm kvn ‰i eskai| 839 wnRwiGZ (1435 wLË.) bvwmi‚óxb Aveyj gyRvddi gvngy`
kvn Dcvwa wbGq evsjvi wmsnvmGb AvGivnY KGib| Zuvi wmsnvmbvGivnGYi dGj
cÉvq ˆZBk eQi (1412-1435 wLË.) weiwZi ci Bwjqvm kvnx esk cybivq evsjvi
kvmb ÞgZvq AwawÓ¤Z nq|
bvwmi‚óxb
gvngy` kvw¯¦wcÉq ˆjvK wQGjb| Zuvi ivRZ½KvGj evsjv w`wÍÏ mvjZvbvGZi mvG^
ˆKvb hy«¬-weMÉGn wjµ¦ nq wb| RvjvjDóxb gynÁÃ` kvn-‰i
mgq ˆ^GK ˆRŒbcyGii kKÆx myjZvbMY evsjvi myjZvbG`i mGã msNGlÆ wjµ¦ wQGjb|
cieZÆx mgGq Zuviv w`wÍÏi ˆjv`x myjZvbG`i mGã fxlY hyG«¬ eÅvc†Z nb| dGj
kKÆx wKsev w`wÍÏi myjZvbG`i ˆKB evsjvi w`GK ZuvG`i ˆjvjyc `†wÓ¡ ˆdjGZ
cvGib wb| ‰ cwiwÕ©wZGZ bvwmi‚óxb gvngy` Zuvi ivGRÅi cybMÆVb I D®²qGbi
w`GK mgq I gGbvGhvM ˆ`Iqvi myGhvM cvb| Z`ycwi bvwmi‚óxb gvngy` evsjvi
mvgwiK kwî×I cybi‚«¬vi KiGZ mÞg nb ‰es ‰i dGj mvgwiK weRqI jvf KGib|
wkjvwjwc
ˆ^GK cÉgvwYZ nq ˆh, Zuvi ivRZ½KvGj Lvb Rvnvb Lyjbv-hGkvni ‰jvKv
Rq KGib| DwolÅvi ‰KwU f„wg`vb wjwc ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq ˆh, bvwmi‚óxb gvngy`
DwolÅvi ivRv KwcGj±`Ê ˆ`Gei mGã hyG«¬ wjµ¦ nGqwQGjb ‰es ‰ hyG«¬ bvwmi‚óxb
gvngy` civwRZ nb| wK¯§ AÕ·Ó¡ Z^Åvw`i Dci cÉwZwÓ¤Z ‰ aviYv wbZv¯¦B K͸bvcÉmƒZ|
‰gbI ejv nGqGQ ˆh, bvwmi‚óxb gvngy` wgw^jv RGqi DGóGkÅ wgw^jv AwfgyGL
Awfhvb KGib| wK¯§ wgw^jvivR Šfie wmsn Zuvi ˆm cÉqvm eÅ^Æ KGi ˆ`b| ‰wU
NUbvi AwZiwéZ weeiY eGj gGb nq| bvwmi‚óxb gvngyG`i wkjvwjwci cÉvwµ¦Õ©j
‰es Zuvi gy`Ëvq DwÍÏwLZ UvKkvj knGii bvg ˆ^GK ˆevSv hvq ˆh, wZwb cwøGg
fvMjcyi, cƒGeÆ gqgbwmsn I wmGjU, DîGi ˆMŒo-cvízqv ‰es `wÞGY üMwj chƯ¦
weÕ¦‡Z ‰K wekvj ivGRÅi AwaKvix wQGjb|
bvwmi‚óxb
gvngyG`i ivRZ½KvGj meGPGq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ mvgvwRK AMÉMwZ wQj gymwjg DcwbGeGki
`†p mÁ·ÉmviY ‰es evsjvi wewf®² AçGj ZuvG`i emwZ Õ©vcb| `wÞY evsjvq gymwjg
emwZ Õ©vcGbi ‰ cÉwò×qvi cyGivav wQGjb Lvb Rvnvb| gmwR` wbgÆvY, cyKzi
Lbb ‰es ‰ aiGbi AviI eü RbwnZKi KvGRi gvaÅGg wZwb cybeÆvmGbi ‰KwU mywbqw¯¨Z
c`GÞc MÉnY KGib| ivGRÅi AbÅvbÅ AsGkI gymwjg emwZ Õ©vcb I DcwbGek mÁ·ÉmviGYi
Abyi…c KvR PjGZ ^vGK|
bvwmi‚óxb
gvngy` wk͸ I Õ©vcGZÅi ‰KRb eo c†Ó¤GcvlK wQGjb| wkjvwjwc ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq
ˆh, Zuvi ivRZ½KvGj eü gmwR`, LvbKvn, ˆmZz I mgvwaGmŒa wbwgÆZ nq| Zuvi
ivRZ½KvGj wbwgÆZ gmwR`àwji gGaÅ evGMinvGUi Lvb RvnvGbi lvUMÁ¼yR gmwR` , gywkÆ`vev` ˆRjvi RãxcyGi midivR LvGbi wbwgÆZ `ywU gmwR` (1443),
ˆMŒGoi wbKUeZÆx ‰jvKvq R‹bK wnjvjx KZ‡ÆK wbwgÆZ gmwR` (1455), XvKvi
eLZ webZ gmwR` (1455) ‰es fvMjcyGi Lyikx` LvGbi gmwR` (1446)
weGklfvGe DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| evGMinvGU Lvb Rvnvb Avjxi mgvwaGmŒa ‰es nRiZ cvízqvq
R‹bK AvÍÏvgvi mgvwaGmŒa Zuvi ivRZ½KvGj wbwgÆZ nq| bvwmi‚óxb gvngy` wbGR
ˆMŒGo ‰KwU `yMÆ I cÉvmvG`i wfwî Õ©vcb KGib| eü BgviZ «¼viv wZwb ˆMŒo
kni mymwäZ KGib| Õ©vcZÅKxwZÆmgƒGni gGaÅ cuvPwU wLjvbwewkÓ¡ cv^Gii ˆmZz,
`yGMÆi cyi‚ ˆ`qvj ‰es ˆKvGZvqvjx `iIqvRv i AwÕ¦Z½ ‰LbI we`Ågvb|
DcwiDî× BgviZmgƒn bvwmi‚óxb gvngyG`i ivRZ½KvGj kvw¯¦ I mg†w«¬i Dä¾j
mvÞÅ enb KiGQ|
wbRvgDóxb
Avng` I wdwikZv bvwmi‚óxb gvngyG`i cÉksmv KGib| ZuvG`i gGZ, wZwb ‰KRb
Av`kÆ myjZvb wQGjb ‰es Zuvi ivRZ½KvGj mvaviY I AwfRvZ, abx I `wi`Ë meÆÕ¦Gii
gvbyl kvw¯¦ I wbivcîvi gGaÅ myLx I cwiZ‡µ¦ Rxeb hvcb KiZ| ˆMvjvg ˆnvGmBb
mwjgI ZuvGK D`vi I bÅvqcivqY myjZvb eGj eYÆbv KGib| wZwb AviI eGjb ˆh,
Zuvi mykvmGb hyeK-e†«¬ mKGjB m¯§Ó¡ wQGjb ‰es cƒeÆeZÆx myjZvb Avng` kvGni
wbhÆvZGbi ÞZ wbivgq nGqwQj| ‰ gnvbyfe myjZvb Pwe»k eQi kvw¯¦cƒYÆ ivRGZ½i
ci 864 wnRwiGZ (1459 wLË.) g†ZzÅeiY KGib| [‰.we.‰g kvgmyóxb Avng`]
