aË‚c`   ivMmãxZ ev kvÕ¨xqmãxGZi ‰K cÉavb Škjx| ‘aË‚c`’ kõ ‘aË‚ec`’ kGõi Acösk | ‘aË‚e’ A^Æ wÕ©i, wbw`ÆÓ¡ I mZÅ  ‰es ‘c`’ A^Æ K^vhyî× MxZ| ZvB ‘aË‚ec`’ ev ‘aË‚c`’ ejGZ ‰K cÉKvi axi, wÕ©i, MÁ¿xi I exiZ½eÅéK mãxZGK ˆevSvq|

fviZeGlÆ aË‚c` MvGbi PPÆv KLb ˆ^GK ÷i‚ nq Zv mwVKfvGe ejv `yÓ•i| gnwlÆ fiGZi mgq ‘aË‚ev’ bvGg ‰K cÉKvi MvGbi cÉPjb wQj, hvi ciÁ·iv PjwQj wLËÓ¡xq beg-`kg kZK chƯ¦| ZGe AvaywbK aË‚c` MvGbi AvweÓ•viK wnGmGe ˆMvqvwjqGii ivRv gvbwmsn ˆZvgiGK aiv nq| ˆKD ˆKD weLÅvZ mãxZæ bvqK ˆMvcvj I Zuvi mgmvgwqK bvqK ŠeRyGK aË‚c` MvGbi cÉeZÆK eGj gGb KGib| ZuvG`i gGZ aË‚cG`i AvGM ‘cÉe®¬’ bvGg ‰K cÉKvi MvGbi cÉPjb wQj| Zvi AbyKiGY aË‚c` MvGbi m†wÓ¡ nq| wK¯§ AwaKvsGki gGZ ivRv gvbwmsn ˆZvgiB aË‚c` MvGbi mËÓ¡v| Zuvi mnawgÆYx g†MbqbxI aË‚c` MvGb weGkl cvi`wkÆbx wQGjb|

aË‚cG`i welq cÉavbZ mËÓ¡vi cÉksmv ev HwZnvwmK NUbv wKsev exiG`i cÉkwÕ¦| ‰GZ RgRgv, gywKÆ ev wMUwKwi wbwl«¬| AZů¦ mnR Kvq`vq wejwÁ¼Z jGq ‰ Mvb cwiGekb Kiv nq| aË‚c` ‰K mgq DcgnvG`Gki kvÕ¨xq mãxGZi ‰K weGkl mÁ·` wnGmGe weGewPZ nGZv| Dwbk kZGKi cÉ^gvaÆ chƯ¦ ‰i RbwcÉqZv wQj ZzGã| wK¯§ weMZ ‰K-ˆ`ok eQGi ˆLqvj Mvb AwaK RbwcÉq nIqvq aË‚cG`i PPÆv AGbKUvB nËvm ˆcGqGQ|

aË‚c` MvGbi iPbvq KweGZ½i cÉKvk ^vGK| fvGei gvayhÆ, fvlvi ÷«¬Zv, MxZixwZi MvÁ¿xhÆ, QG±`v‹ewPòÅ cÉf‡wZ ‰ MvGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å| ˆgvMj mgËvU AvKei aË‚c` MvGbi weGkl c†Ó¤GcvlK wQGjb| Zuvi `ievGii me mãxZàYxB wQGjb aË‚c`x| AvaywbK aË‚c` mãxGZi cÉeî×v wgTv ZvbGmb wQGjb ZuvG`i AbÅZg|

aË‚c` MvGb mvaviYZ PviwU ‘ZzK&’ ev fvM ^vGK, h^v Õ©vqx, A¯¦iv, mçvix I AvGfvM| ZGe ˆKej Õ©vqx I A¯¦iv ‰B `yB ZzK&wewkÓ¡ aË‚c` MvGbiB cÉPjb ˆewk| ‰ Mvb cÉavbZ wnw±`, D`yÆ ev eËRfvlvq iwPZ ‰es ‰GZ k†ãvi, kv¯¦ A^ev exiiGmi cÉvavbÅ ^vGK| ‰KvwaK ZvGj aË‚c` Mvqb cÉPwjZ, h^v ˆPŒZvj, myiduvK, eËþZvj, ˆZIov, i‚`ËZvj, SuvcZvj BZÅvw`| ‰ mKj Zvj cvGLvqvR A^ev g†`Gã evRvGbv nq|

aË‚c` cwiGekbvq `ywU cÉavb Ask jÞÅ Kiv hvq| cÉ^gwU Avjvc Ask| ‰i gyLÅ DGókÅ ivGMi aÅvbi…c dzwUGq ˆZvjv| wk͸x ‰ AsGk ˆKvb Zvjev`ÅhG¯¨i mnGhvwMZv Qvov ‰es MvGbi K^vi cwieGZÆ Ig&, ˆi bv, bÅv, bv ˆZvg& ˆZ bvbv wi `v bv BZÅvw` wbi^ÆK kõGhvGM myGii mƒßZg Abyf„wZcÉeY cÉmiY «¼viv ivGMi ‰KwU AvGgR m†wÓ¡ KGib| ‰ ˆÞGò wk͸x ˆKej Zvbcyiv ev myih¯¨ eÅenvi KGib| w«¼Zxq AsGk wk͸x Zvje«¬ evYx A^Ævr ew±`k ˆMGq ^vGKb| aË‚c` kõcÉavb MxZ‹kjx ‰es ‰i kGõi cÉwZwU AÞi ZvGji gvòvi mGã wbw`ÆÓ¡fvGe myGi cÉjwÁ¼Z Kiv nq|

aË‚c` MvGb Pvi cÉKvi evYxi cÉPjb ˆ`Lv hvq, h^v ÷«¬ ev MIni evYx, Lvívi evYx, Wvài ev WvMi evYx I bInvi evYx| AvKeGii `ievGii PviRb wewkÓ¡ mãxZGæi evmÕ©vGbi bvgvbymvGi ‰B evYxàwji bvgKiY Kiv nGqGQ| ZvbGmGbi evmÕ©vb ˆMvqvwjqGi, ZvB Zuvi iwPZ aË‚cG`i evYxGK ejv nq ‘MIni evYx’| ‰B evYxi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv ‰àwj LyeB Õ·Ó¡ ‰es mvaviYZ axiMwZmÁ·®², MÁ¿xi I kv¯¦imcÉavb| ZvbGmGbi RvgvZv exYKvi wgkÉx wms ev mÁÃyLb wms (cGi ˆbŒevr Lvu bvGg cwiwPZ)-‰i evmÕ©vb LvívGii bvgvbymvGi Zuvi iwPZ evYxi bvg nq ‘Lvívi evYx’| ‰B evYxi Mvbàwj AwZ wejwÁ¼Z jGq PGj ‰es MIni evYxi ˆPGq AwaK ŠewPòÅcƒYÆ| ‰B evYxi MvGb Õ¼iàwj mijfvGe bv ˆ`wLGq LíLífvGe ˆ`LvGbv nGq ^vGK| mãxZmvaK e†RPG±`i evmÕ©vb Wvài MÉvGgi bvgvbymvGi Zuvi iwPZ aË‚c` MvGbi bvg nq ‘Wvài ev WvMi evYx’| ‰i ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv mnR I mijZv| kÉxPG±`i evmÕ©vb bInvGii bvgvbymvGi Zuvi iwPZ aË‚c` MvGbi bvg nGqGQ ‘bInvi evYx’| ‰K ev ‰KvwaK Õ¼i AwZò×g KGi Aci Õ¼Gi hvIqv-Avmv Kiv ‰B evYxi ŠewkÓ¡Å| bInvi evYxi aË‚c` mvaviYZ MwZGeMmÁ·®² nGq ^vGK| aË‚c` MvGbi MvqK ‘Kjve¯¦’ bvGg cwiwPZ|

evsjvq cÉ^g aË‚cG`i PPÆv ÷i‚ nq AvVvGiv kZGKi ˆkl w`GK weúzcyGi| ‰i AvGM evsjvi AbÅ ˆKv^vI aË‚c` PPÆvi cÉgvY cvIqv hvq bv| evsjv mãxGZi beRvM†wZi cÉÕ§wZcGeÆ weúzcyGi aË‚cG`i PPÆv ÷i‚ nq| ‰LvGb aË‚cG`i ˆh aviv cÉewZÆZ nq, ZrKvjxb evsjvG`Gk Zv ‰Kgvò Nivbvi…Gc cwiwPZ| ivgkâi fëvPvhÆ ‰B Nivbvi cÉeZÆK| weúzcyi Nivbvq Zuvi Ae`vb `yw`K ˆ^GK aË‚cG`i ew±`k iPbvq ‰es wklÅ ciÁ·ivq Zvi cÉmvGi| wZwb wn±`yÕ©vbx mãxZixwZGZ evsjv fvlvq AmsLÅ aË‚c` iPbv KGib ‰es wbGR ˆMGq evsjv fvlvi gvaÅGg aË‚cG`i mGã evOvwjG`i cwiwPZ Kivb| Zuvi wklÅG`i gGaÅ ˆÞòGgvnb ˆMvÕ¼vgx, ivgGKke fëvPvhÆ, ˆKkejvj Pò×eZÆx, Ab¯¦jvj eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq, ivgcÉm®² eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq, ˆMvGck¼i eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq, myGi±`Êbv^ eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq, h`yfë cÉgyL weúzcyi Nivbvi BwZnvGm ÕÃiYxq nGq AvGQb| ‰Qvov ˆRvovmuvGKvi VvKzi cwievi ‰B aË‚c` avivi mGã ‰Kv¯¦fvGe RwoZ wQj| iex±`ÊbvG^i aË‚c` AGãi Mvbàwj evsjv mãxGZi AmvaviY m†wÓ¡|

wefvMcƒeÆ evsjvG`Gk AGbK wk͸xB ivRv I beveG`i c†Ó¤GcvlKZvq aË‚c` PPÆv KiGZb| IÕ¦v` AvjvDwób Luvi wklÅciÁ·ivq ‰ PPÆv nGZv| IÕ¦v` ˆgvnvÁÃ` ˆnvGmb Lmi‚, IÕ¦v` gyw´Ö iBmDóxb, IÕ¦v` àj ˆgvnvÁÃ` Luv cÉgyL ‰ ˆ`GkiB m¯¦vb wQGjb, hw`I ZuvG`i PPÆvi ˆÞò wQj fviGZi wewf®² Açj| evsjvG`Gk hLb ˆLqvj MvGbi cÉvavbÅ e†w«¬ cvq ZLb ˆLqvGji wk͸xiv aË‚c` mãxGZI Zvwjg wbGZb|

evsjvG`Gk aË‚c` mãxGZi aviv AvR wejyµ¦cÉvq| `y’PviRb wk͸x Qvov ‰ avivi PPÆv ‰Lb Avi ˆKD KGib bv| ZGe fviZ-evsjvG`k mvsÕ•‡wZK wewbgGqi gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gk aË‚c` mãxGZi PPÆv I cÉmvGii ˆPÓ¡v PjGQ|  [ˆgveviK ˆnvGmb Lvb]

Mɯ©cwé  ivRv bIqve Avjx Lvb, gv’widz®²vM&gvZ, evsjv ‰KvGWgx, 1967; K‡úab eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq, MxZmƒòmvi, gyLvRÆx AÅv´£ ˆKvs cÉv: wj:, KjKvZv, 1975; Agj `vkkgÆv, mãxZgbxlv, ˆK.wc evMPx AÅv´£ ˆKvs, KjKvZv 1981; Avey ˆnbv mv`Dóxb, mãxZwe`Åv, evsjv ‰KvGWgx, XvKv, 1986; ˆgveviK ˆnvGmb Lvb, mãxZgvwjKv, evsjv ‰KvGWgx, 1988; kvãÆG`e, mãxZiðvKi, cwøgeã ivRÅmãxZ AvKvG`gx, KjKvZv, 1994|