avb
Graminae ˆMvGòi `vbvkGmÅi Dw«¿` Oryza sativa| avb Dú RjevqyGZ, weGklZ cƒeÆ-‰wkqvq
eÅvcK Pvl nq| cÉvPxb Pxbv fvlvi Ou-liz kõwU AviweGZ
Oruz
I
MÉxK fvlvq
Oryza nGq ˆkGl Ritz I
Rice nGqGQ| avb ev avbÅ kGõi Drcwî
AævZ| avbexR ev Pvj mycÉvPxbKvj ˆ^GK jÞ jÞ gvbyGli cÉavb Lv`Å| Pxb I
RvcvGbi ivRvG`i c†Ó¤GcvlKZvq cÉvq 10,000 eQi AvGM avbPvl ÷i‚ nGqwQj
eGj Rvbv hvq| eÅvcK AwfGhvRb ÞgZvi `i‚b avb Dîi ˆKvwiqv ˆ^GK `wÞY AGÕ¡Ëwjqv,
‰gbwK mgy`Ëc†Ó¤ ˆ^GK 2,600 wgUvi DœPZvqI (Rygjv, ˆbcvj) R¯Ãvq| AvDk,
Avgb A^ev ˆevGiv wnGmGe cÉvq mviv eQiB evsjvG`Gk avGbi Pvl nq|
c†w^exi ˆgvU RbmsLÅvi kZKiv
cÉvq 40 fvGMi KÅvjwi Pvwn`v wgUvq avb| evsjvG`k, gvqvbgvi, kÉxjâv, wfGqZbvg
I KvÁ·ywPqvi cÉvq 90% ˆjvGKi cÉavb Lv`Å fvZ|
avb evsjvi msÕ•‡wZi mGã IZGcÉvZfvGe
RwoZ| ‰wU mÁ·G`i cÉZxK| evsjvG`k miKvGii Lv`Å wefvGMi wbaÆvwiZ
RbcÉwZ Š`wbK PvGji Pvwn`vi cwigvY 410 MÉvg| 1997-98 mvGj evsjvG`Gk
cÉvq 190 jÞ ˆg Ub avb Drc®² nGqGQ hv cÉGqvRGbi Zzjbvq 15% Kg|
1bs mviwYGZ evsjvG`Gk avb Drcv`Gbi cwimsLÅvb ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| Açj
I Drcv`Gbi cwigvY wbweÆGkGl Avgb kxGlÆ ‰es ZviciB iGqGQ ˆevGiv
I AvDk| |
|
avGbi PvivGivcY |
DœPdjbkxj RvGZi (HYV) avb ˆgvU Rwgi 55.65% `Lj KiGjI djb ˆgvU Drcv`Gbi 73.59%|
ˆevGiv avGbi Rwgi cwigvY A͸ nGjI Drcv`Gbi wnmvGe AvGQ w«¼Zxq Õ©vGb|
1995-96 mvGj K‡wli ˆgvU RvZxq Drcv`b (wRwWwc) wQj 30% (PjwZ `Gi) Avi
ZvGZ 18% wQj kmÅLvGZi AskfvM| avGbi ‰KK Ae`vb wQj K‡wl I kmÅLvGZi wRwWwci
h^vò×Gg 13% I 72%| avbPvGli AvIZvq AvGQ evwlÆK kmÅGÞZ ‰jvKvi 70% Rwg|
mviveQiB avbPvl PGj, dGj MÉvgvçGji KgÆmsÕ©vGbi 75% avb PvlwbfÆi|
avGbi Zzl QvovGbv `vbvB PvDj
ev Pvj ‰es iv®²v Kiv PvjGK eGj fvZ| myMw®¬ Pvj w`Gq wN I wewf®² gmjvGhvGM
gyiwM, Mi‚, Lvwmi gvsGmi ˆcvjvI, wewiqvwb, ˆZnvwi BZÅvw` weGkl aiGbi
Lvevi iv®²v nq| Wvj wgkvGbv AwZwiî× wm«¬ PvjGK wLPzwo eGj| wLPzwoi mGã
Wvj I mewR wgkvGj ZvGZ ˆcÉvwUGbi cwigvY evGo ‰es AwaK cywÓ¡Ki nq|
avbMvQ exR AâzwiZ nIqvi ci ö…YKví I ö…Ygƒj h^vò×Gg avGbi Kví I àœQgƒGj
cwiYZ nq| Kví ceÆmw®¬ I ceÆgaÅ «¼viv MwVZ| Kví ˆ^GK Drc®² cvZv ‰KwU
jÁ¼v còdjK I PÅv¶Ÿv e†G¯¦i mg¯¼Gq MwVZ| meÆGkl cvZvGK a»Rvcò (flag leaf) eGj, ZvGZ ^vGK ˆkl ceÆgaÅ ev ˆhŒMgéwi (panicle)| mvaviY RvGZi avGbi Zzjbvq DœPdjbkxj RvZàwj
AwaK msLÅK Kuzwk I `vbv Drcv`b KGi, ZvB ‰G`i djbI ˆewk|
evsjvG`Gki cÉGZÅK ˆkÉYxi avGbi
wKQy mywbw`ÆÓ¡ kvixi-eskvbym†Z ŠewkÓ¡Å AvGQ| ivq`v evsjvG`Gki
avGbi RvZàwji Avw`i…c, hv ‰Lb wec®²| avGbi AmsLÅ cÉKviGf` I RvZ
AvGQ ˆhàwjGK ‘RvgƵÏvRg’ ejv nq| evsjvG`k avb MGelYv BbwÕ¡wUDGUi
Rxb eÅvsGK eÅenvhÆ ‰ aiGbi cÉvq 5,000 RvgƵÏvRg AvGQ|
evsjvG`Gk avb Pvl nq Avgb,
AvDk I ˆevGiv wnGmGe| Avgb (ˆevbv I ˆivcv) wWGmÁ¼i-Rvbyqvwi, ˆevGiv
gvPÆ-ˆg ‰es AvDk RyjvB-AvMÕ¡ ˆgŒmyGg djvGbv nq|
Avevi, ‰me RvGZi gGaÅ ˆivcv
Avgb LyeB ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ‰es ˆgvU Rwgi 46.30% RyGo Pvl nq|
|
|
cwiYZ kxlmn MvbMvQ |
AewkÓ¡ 26.85, 17.59 I 9.26%
RwgGZ nq h^vò×Gg ˆevGiv, AvDk I ˆevbv AvgGbi Pvl| evsjvG`Gki cÉvq meÆò
ˆivcv AvgGbi Pvl nq| ˆevbv AvgGbi wmsnfvM dGj `wÞY I Dîi-cƒeÆ AçGji
wbPz RwgGZ| cÉwZ ˆRjvq, weGklZ ˆmPvçGj wKQy cwigvY ˆevGiv Pvl nq, AbÅw`GK
QwoGq wQwUGq PGj AvDk Pvl|
PvGji MuyGov ev Õ¡vPÆ wewf®²
cÉmvabx, wmMvGiGUi KvMR ‰es myiv RvZxq cvbxq ŠZwiGZ eÅenvhÆ| avGbi Kzuov
ˆ^GK ˆfvRÅ‹Zj, wewf®² wfUvwgb ‰es Mevw` c÷ ev gyiwMi Lv`Å ŠZwi nq| wmwjKvmg†«¬
avGbi Zzl ˆ^GK e±`yGKi bj cwiÓ•vGii wkwik KvMR ‰es ‰B Zzl ˆ^GK c†^KxK‡Z
wmwjKv w`Gq BGjKUÇwbGÝi gvBGò×vwPcm ŠZwi Kiv hvq| avGbi Lo Mevw` c÷i
Lvevi ‰es NGii Pvj I LGoi ˆevWÆ ŠZwii DcKiY wnGmGe eÅvcKfvGe eÅen…Z
nq|
ˆkÉYxwebÅvmMZfvGe avb Oryzeae DcRvwZ I Gramineae ˆMvGòi A¯¦fzÆî×| mÁ¿eZ
Oryza
perennis
ev
O. rufipogon ˆ^GK D«¿„Z O. sativa (‰kxq avb) ˆ^GKB eZÆgvGb PvlK‡Z mKj avGbi R¯Ã| avGbi 2n ˆò×vGgvGRvg msLÅv 24| ebÅavb (O. officinalis) evsjvG`GkI cvIqv hvq| Dwiavb
bvGg cwiwPZ AvGiKwU ebÅavb
Porteresia
coarctata
(cƒeÆbvg
Oryza
coarctata) RG¯Ã evsjvG`Gki DcK„jxq ˆgvnbvçGj| Õ©vbxq ˆjvKRb ‰B
ebÅavb msMÉn I mvMÉGn Avnvi KGi| [‰m.‰g
nvmvbyävgvb]
mviwY 1 evsjvG`Gk avGbi Rwg I Drcv`Gbi cwigvY (1997-98)
| avb dmj |
‰jvKv 10 jÞ ˆn wnmvGe |
ˆgvU ‰jvKv kZvsk |
Drcv`b
(QuvUv Pvj)
10 jÞ ˆg Ub wnmvGe |
ˆgvU Dcv`Gbi % |
MocoZv Drcv`b
ˆn cÉwZ/ˆg Ub |
| AvDk |
1.56 |
15.20 |
1.87 |
9.91 |
1.20 |
| (DœPdjbkxj
AvDk) |
(0.49) |
(4.78) |
(1.87) |
(9.91) |
(1.20) |
| Avgb |
5.81 |
56.63 |
8.85 |
46.92 |
1.52 |
| (DœPdjbkxj
Avgb) |
(2.55) |
(24.86) |
(5.21) |
(27.62) |
(2.04) |
| ˆevGiv |
2.89 |
28.17 |
8.14 |
43.16 |
2.82 |
| (DœPdjbkxj
ˆevGiv) |
(2.67) |
(26.02) |
(7.80) |
(41.36) |
(2.92) |
| ˆgvU |
10.26 |
--- |
18.86 |
--- |
--- |
| (ˆgvU
DœPdjbkxj) |
(5.71) |
(55.65) |
(13.88) |
--- |
--- |
evwlÆK
cÉvµ¦eÅ ˆgvU avb = 152.8 jÞ ˆg Ub;
Drm
BBS Monthly Statistical Bulletin,
July, 1998
Rwjavb (Deepwater rice) PvGli gimyGg 50 ˆmwg ev Zvi ˆewk Mfxi cvwbGZ
‰K gvm ev ZGZvwaK mgq aGi djb AeÅvnZ ^vGK ‰gb avb| KvGíi DœPZv I cvwbi
MfxiZvi wbwiGL ‰B avb `yB ˆkÉYxi: 1. jÁ¼v RvGZi avb I 2. fvmgvb avb|
cÉ^gwUi Kví I cvZv jÁ¼v, 50-100 ˆmwg chƯ¦ Mfxi cvwbGZ dGj| fvmgvb avGbi
Pvl nq 100 ˆmwg ev AviI Mfxi cvwbGZ| evsjvG`Gk wbÁ²vçGj elÆvKvGj djvGbv
ˆewkifvM Avgb avbB fvmgvb RvGZi| ‰B AvgGbi Õ©vbxq bvg Rwjavb ev ˆcŒlavb|
evsjvG`Gk RwjavGbi cÉvq 2000 KvjwUfvi
(cultivar) ev RvZ AvGQ Avi ˆMvUv ‰wkqvq
AvGQ 6000 ev ZGZvwaK| meàwjB AZů¦ AvGjvKKvj (photoperiod) msGe`x| AvGjvKKvj msGe`bkxjZv
µÏvebKvjxb ‰KwU Dchyî× mgGq dzj ˆdvUvi mgq wbaÆviY KGi ‰es ZvGZ ‰B avb
cÉRbb chÆvGq wbÁ²ZvGci wei…c cÉwZwò×qv ‰ovGZ cvGi ‰es ebÅvi cvwb ˆbGg
hvIqvi mGã mGã dmj cvKGZ ÷i‚ KGi| RwjavGbi (fvmgvb) wZb aiGbi weGkl
AwfGhvRbv AvGQ: 1. cvwb evovi mGã mGã jÁ¼v nIqvi mvg^ÆÅ; 2. cvwbi gGaÅ
DcGii ceÆmw®¬ ˆ^GK wkKo I cvk¼ÆPviv
(tiller) Drcv`b ‰es 3. MvGQi DcGii
Askàwji Ea»ÆgywLbZv, ˆhRbÅ ebÅv ˆbGg hvIqvi ci Rbbvãàwj cvwbi DcGi ^vGK|
Rwjavb ebÅvi AvGM e†wÓ¡GfRv ÷Ó• RwgGZ 2-4 gvm ^vGK hLb MvGQi ˆMvov ˆ^GK
cvk¼ÆPviv MRvq| µÏvweZ nIqvi ci avGbi ˆMvQv eo nGZ ^vGK I RxebPGò×i
AewkÓ¡ 3-5 gvm cvwbGZ KvGU| ceÆmw®¬i wkKoàwj ebÅvi cvwb ˆ^GK bvBGUÇvGRb,
dmdivm I mÁ¿eZ AbÅvbÅ cywÓ¡ ˆkvlY KGi| cvwbi MfxiZv e†w«¬i mGã mGã ceÆgGaÅi
msLÅvI e†w«¬ ˆcGZ ^vGK|
evsjvG`Gki RwjavGbi AwaKvsk
RvGZi Kví `Ë‚Z eaÆbkxj ‰es hG^Ó¡ kî×| AZů¦ Mfxi cvwbGZ (3-4 wg) Kví
5-6 wgUvi chƯ¦ jÁ¼v nGZ cvGi| MZ kZGKi lvGUi `kGKi ˆkl bvMv` evsjvG`Gk
fvmgvb Avgb avGbi Pvl nGZv 20 jÞvwaK ˆnÙi (ˆgvU avwbRwgi 21%) RwgGZ|
wK¯§ ‰Lb ÷Ó• gimyGg RwjavGbi RwgGZ ˆmGPi mvnvGhÅ DœPdjbkxj ˆevGiv PvGli
dGj RwjavGbi Rwgi cwigvY nËvm ˆcGq `uvwoGqGQ 8.5 jÞ ˆnÙi| eZÆgvGb 12.4
jÞ ˆnÙi avwbRwg elÆvKvGj Abvevw` ^vGK| ˆKvb ˆKvb ‰jvKvq K‡lKiv ÷Ó• gimyGgi
avbPvGli ci wKQy RwgGZ RwjavGbi Pviv jvMvq| Ryb/RyjvB gvGm ebÅv ÷i‚i
AvM chƯ¦ ‰B dmj mÁ·ƒYÆ e†wÓ¡wbfÆi ^vGK| mvi jvGM mvgvbÅ| ebÅvi AvGM
wbovwb I nvZ w`Gq `y‘evi AvMvQv ZzjGZ nq| avGbi RvGZi AvGjvKKvj msGe`bkxjZvi
cwiGcÉwÞGZ dmj cvGK gaÅ-AGÙvei I gaÅ-wWGmÁ¼Gii gvSvgvwS| avbMvGQi e†w«¬i
mGã mvaviYZ dmGji cwigvYI evGo| dmj-mƒPK (hervest index) mvaviYZ 0.12-0.16 chƯ¦ IVv-bvgv
KGi ‰es AMfxi cvwbi cwiwÕ©wZGZ e†w«¬ cvq| meGPGq eo Qov dGj gƒj MvGQ,
Zvici ò×gwbÁb nvGi ˆMvovi Pviv I ceÆmw®¬i Pvivq| avGbi Qovi NbZ½ cÉwZ
eMÆwgUvGi 50-120| MocoZv kmÅdjb 2.3 ˆg Ub/Gn ‰es ˆKvb ˆKvb KvjwUfvGi
dGj AviI ˆewk, 3 ˆg Ub/ˆnÙi chƯ¦|
[Rwni‚j Bmjvg]
avb KvUv I gvovB (Rice harvesting and threshing) cvKvi ciciB avb KvUv nq| RvZ Abyhvqx avb cvKvi mgGq cv^ÆKÅ ˆ`Lv
hvq| ZvB ‰KwU avb cvKvi mgq nqZev AbÅ RvGZi avb ZLbI cyÓ¡B nq wb| evsjvG`Gk
avb KvUvi wewf®² FZz nj: AvDk (RyjvB-AvMÓ¡), ˆevbv-Avgb (bGfÁ¼i-wWGmÁ¼i),
ˆivcv Avgb (bGfÁ¼i-Rvbyqvwi), Õ©vbxq ˆevGiv (‰wcÉj-ˆg), DœPdjbkxj ˆevGiv
(ˆg-Ryb)| nvGZ KvUvi RbÅ wewf®² nvwZqvGii mvnvGhÅ ev nvGfÆÕ¡vi, wicvi
BZÅvw`i gGZv wKQy hG¯¨i mvnvGhÅ hvw¯¨K DcvGq avb KvUv hvq| evsjvG`Gk
mvaviYZ KvGÕ¦i mvnvGhÅ nvZ w`Gq avb KvUv nq|
KvGÕ¦ KvGVi nvZjhyî× big BÕ·vGZi
djvi ‰KwU nvwZqvi, Avi djvwU 20-30 ˆmwg jÁ¼v I LuvRKvUv, cÉwZ
Bwç djvGZ 15wU LuvR ‰es cÉwZwU LuvR ‰K wgwg jÁ¼v| cÉvq 50 ˆmwg
jÁ¼v Lomn KvUv avb AGbK mgq ˆÞGZ ÷KvGbv nq| ˆ`wiGZ gvovB KiGZ
nGj AvwUàwj ‰gbfvGe Õ¦„c KGi ivLv nq hvGZ avGbi kxl wfZGii w`GK
^vGK Avi ‰GZ avb AviI ˆewk ÷Kvq| cÉwZ ˆnÙi Rwgi avb KvUvi RbÅ
(nvGZ) N¥Ÿvq 60-80 Rb kÉwgK `iKvi nq| |
|
KvGÕ¦i mvnvGhÅ avb KvUv |
gvovB ejGZ
wkl ˆ^GK avb QvovGbv ev Avjv`v Kiv ˆevSvq| avb gvovBGqi meGPGq mvaviY
c«¬wZàwj nGjv nvGZ avGbi ˆMvQv WÈvGgi gGZv kî× ˆKvb eÕ§i Dci ˆcUvGbv,
Mi‚ w`Gq gjb ˆ`Iqv A^ev DfGqi eÅenvi ‰es cÅvGWj ˆ^ËmvGi gvovB| wKQy
wKQy ‰jvKvq cv w`GqI avb gvovBGqi Pj AvGQ| nvZ w`Gq avb gvovBGqi mgq
ˆQvU ˆQvU avGbi ˆMvQv WÈvg, KvGVi Muywo, cv^i, ˆLvjv gvwUGZ ev AbÅ kî×
ˆKvb wKQyi Dci ˆcUvGbv nq| Mi‚ w`Gq gvovBGq gvovB-fuyBGZ avGbi kxlàwj
wfZGii w`GK ˆiGL nvjKvfvGe ˆMvj KGi QwoGq w`Gq `ywU ev PviwU Mi‚GK ‰KB
jvBGb ˆeuGa e†îvKvGi avGbi Dci w`Gq ˆNvivGbv nq| Mi‚àwj ˆhb e†îvKvGi
ˆNvGi ˆmRbÅ ‰àwjGK ˆKvb ˆKvb ‰jvKvq gvovB-fuyBGqi ˆKG±`Ê ‰KwU LuywU
cuyGZ ZvGZ wXGj KGi `wo w`Gq ˆeuGa ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es Mi‚àwj PvjvGbvi RbÅ
ˆcQGb memgq ‰KRb ˆjvK ^vGK| ˆKvb ˆKvb AçGj ˆKG±`Ê LuywU emvGbv nq bv|
ˆmLvGb ˆRvZv Mi‚àwji ˆhwU ˆKG±`Êi wbKUZg ˆmwUi mvnvGhÅ PvjK e†îvKvi
AveZÆb wbq¯¨Y KGi| AGbK mgq AwaK avb ‰KmGã gvovBGqi RbÅ eo K‡lKiv 6-8wU
Mi‚ ‰KGò ˆRvGZ| Mi‚àwj AbeiZ NyiGZ ^vKvq gvovBGqi RbÅ gvGS gvGS AwZwiî×
avb QwoGq ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es mgqgGZv ‰àwj SuvKvGZ I bvwoGq w`GZ nq, ˆhb Lo
ˆ^GK avb SGi cGo|
|
|
euvGki gvPvGbi Dci wcwUGq
avb gvovB |
cÅvGWj ˆ^Ëmvi-‰i mvnvGhÅ
avb gvovB |
gvovB
ˆkGl avbàwj Lo ˆ^GK mwiGq cÉv^wgKfvGe cwiÓ•vi Kiv nq| ˆ`Gki ˆewkifvM
AçGjB cÉ^Gg nvZ w`Gq avb gvovB KGi ˆkGl LGo ˆjGM ^vKv evowZ avb QvovGbvi
RbÅ Mi‚ w`Gq gvovB Kiv nq| ‰GZ Loàwj big nGq Mevw` c÷i Lv`ÅGhvMÅ nGq
IGV| avb gvovBGqi ‰B `yB chÆvGqi mgGqi cv^ÆKÅ KvhÆZ Mevw` c÷i cÉvcÅZv
I AvenvIqvi wbwiGL wZb gvm chƯ¦ nGZ cvGi| Avgb ˆgŒmyGg AvenvIqv Vvív,
÷Ó• ^vKvq I ˆKvb e†wÓ¡ bv nIqvq ‰B mgq wZb gvm chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK hLb avb
I Lo BGZvgGaÅB ÷wKGq hvq| ˆevGiv I AvDk ˆgŒmyGg K‡lKiv gvGVi KvGRB AwaK
eÅÕ¦ ^vGK| NGii Pvj QvIqvi RbÅ Lo `iKvi nGj, DVvb ˆfRv ^vKGj, c÷i Afve
nGj wKsev LvG`Åi RbÅ Ri‚wiwfwîGZ avb `iKvi nGj cv w`Gq I nvZ w`Gq avbgvovB
Kiv nq|
avb cwiÓ•viKiGYi
cÉPwjZ c«¬wZ |
evsjvG`Gk cÅvGWj ˆ^ËmviB avb gvovBGqi ‰Kgvò h¯¨| ‰B enbGhvMÅ h¯¨wU kî×
ZvGii duvmhyî× wmwj´£vi w`Gq MwVZ ‰es cv w`Gq PvjvGbvi RbÅ ‰GZ wjfvi
I wMqvi mshyî× iGqGQ| ‰K cv w`Gq cÅvGWjGK Dci-wbP KGi ‰wU PvjvGbv nq
‰es ZLb NƒYÆvqgvb wmwj´£vGii Dci avGbi ˆMvQv ev AuvwUmn kxl aiv nq|
wmwj´£vGii mGã hyî× duvGmi AvNvGZ kxl ˆ^GK avb Avjv`v nGq hvq| ‰ h¯¨
w`Gq avb gvovBGqi mgq PvjK cv w`Gq cÅvGWj Pvjvq, nvZ w`Gq avGbi ˆMvQv
aGi ‰es AvGiKRb avGbi Õ¦„c ˆ^GK ‰GKKwU ˆMvQv Zvi nvGZ awiGq ˆ`q| ‰GZ
KvGRi MwZGeM evGo| cÅvGWj ˆ^Ëkvi DœPdjbkxj avGbi RvGZi mGã wbweo mÁ·KÆhyî×|
KzwgÍÏv ˆRjvq DœPdjbkxj avb
cÉPzi RG¯Ã ‰es K‡lKiv ˆmàwj gvovBGqi RbÅ ‰B h¯¨wU eÅenvi KGi|
‰ hG¯¨i evowZ myweav nGjv ‰wU ˆh ˆKvb mgq, ‰gbwK elÆvKvGjI evwoi
wfZGi gwnjv I wk÷iv eÅenvi KiGZ cvGi| evsjvG`Gki DîivçGj ˆevGiv
I AvDk ˆgŒmyGg weGklZ DœPdjbkxj avGbi eÅvcK djb nGj K‡lKiv ‰wU
eÅenvi KGi| ZGe Avgb ˆgŒmyGg ‰LbI cÉvPxb c«¬wZGZB avb gvovB PGj|
ˆ`Gki ˆKvb ˆKvb AçGj cvIqvi ˆ^ËkviI eÅen…Z nGœQ|
[ˆgvt bƒi‚j Bmjvg] |
|
ˆivG` avb ÷KvGbv |
avb à`vgRvZKiY (Rice storage) fwelÅr eÅenvGii RbÅ ‰es àYMZ gvb AÞz®² ivLvi RbÅ gvovBK‡Z ÷KGbv
avbGK ˆWvj, à`vg, ˆMvjvNi ev AbÅZi ˆhvMÅÕ©vGb msiÞY Kiv nq| avb msiÞGYi
cÉavb DGókÅ mviv eQi AeÅvnZ Lv`ÅkmÅ mieivn, cieZÆx ˆgŒmyGg exR wnGmGe
eÅenvGii RbÅ exGRi Rxebxkwî× AUzU ivLv, Kvw›ÞZ `vGg weò×Gqi myGhvM MÉnY
‰es `yGhÆvMKvGj Lv`ÅNvUwZ ˆgUvGbv| mwçZ avb AGbGKiB cQ±`mB weavq ˆKvb
ˆKvb ˆfvî×v wKQy mgGqi RbÅ avb RwgGq ivGL| ‰RbÅ Drcv`K, eÅemvqx, miKvi
‰es mvaviY K‡lKivI avb msiÞY KGi| avb mvaviYZ ‰K Drcv`b ˆgŒmyg ˆ^GK
AvGiK ˆgŒmyg chƯ¦ ev eoGRvi ‰K eQGii RbÅ msiÞY Kiv nq| D«¼†î kGmÅi
RbÅ ev miKvwi bxwZi KviGY AGbK mgq avb ˆek wKQyw`b msiwÞZ ^vKGZ cvGi|
wewf®² AYyRxe, ˆcvKv-gvKo ev
Bu`yGii Avò×gGY gRyZ Kiv avGbi àY I cwigvY DfqB AGbK mgGq nËvm cvq|
dmj msMÉn, gvovB, ÷KvGbv I msiÞGYi cÉPwjZ I A`Þ c«¬wZi `i‚b evsjvG`Gk
msM†nxZ ˆgvU dmGji cÉvq 13% AcPq nq hvi cwigvY cÉwZ eQi cÉvq 35.1 jÞ
ˆg Ub| bvbv KviGY à`vgRvZ avGbi àYgvb KgGZ cvGi Avi ˆmàwji gGaÅ meGPGq
ài‚î½cƒYÆ `ywU nGjv Av`ËÆZv I Zvcgvòv| avb KvUvi mgq `vbvi Av`ËÆZv 20%
ev ZGZvwaK ^vGK, wbivc` msiÞGYi RbÅ Zv KgvGbv cÉGqvRb| ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ 14%
Av`ËÆZvq avb 2-3 gvm wbivcG` ivLv hvq, wK¯§ ‰i ˆewk mgq msiÞGYi RbÅ
12% Av`ËÆZv ^vKv AvekÅK|
msiÞY c«¬wZ AbÅvbÅ Lv`ÅkGmÅi gGZv avb msiÞGYiI cÉavbZ `ywU c«¬wZ nGjv eÕ¦vq
I Õ¦„c KGi avb ivLv| evsjvG`Gk avb ivLvi RbÅ wKQy ˆÞGò mbvZb ˆWvj I
AvaywbK mvBGjv eÅen…Z nGjI eÕ¦vq msiÞGYi ˆiIqvRB AwaK cÉPwjZ| eÕ¦v ò×q
KiGZ nq weavq Õ¦„Gci Zzjbvq AwaK eÅqmvGcÞ ‰es cÉwZ ‰KK-IRb avGbi RbÅ
ZvGZ RvqMvi cÉGqvRb ˆewk| msiÞY c«¬wZ wbweÆGkGl meÆòB msiÞGYi AvGM AekÅB
kmÅ`vbv cwiÓ•vi KiGZ nq I ÷KvGZ nq ‰es wei…c AvenvIqv I ÞwZKi KxUcZã
ˆ^GK myiÞvi eÅeÕ©v KiGZ nq|
cÉPwjZ msiÞY ˆ`Gk Drc®² avGbi wmsnfvMB (70-80%) cÉPwjZ c«¬wZGZ msiÞY Kiv nq|
evsjvG`Gki MÉvgvçGj avb ivLvi RbÅ cÉavbZ eÅen…Z nq bvbv aiGbi fví, Avi
‰àwj wewea AvKvGii gUwK ‰es euvk I ˆeGZi ŠZwi ˆWvj, ˆMvjv BZÅvw`|
|
evsjvG`Gk cÉPwjZ avb
msiÞGYi wZbwU c«¬wZ: K. ˆWvj; L. eÕ¦v; M. gUwK |
gvwUi cvò wewf®² AvKvGii ˆcvovGbv ev KuvPv g†rcvGò avb, weGklZ exRavb ivLvi
eÅvcK Pj AvGQ| ‰RbÅ eÅen…Z ˆQvU ˆMvjgyGLi (kmÅ Xvjvi myweavG^Æ) ˆcvovgvwUi
wWÁ¼vKvi ev ˆMvjvKvi cvòàwjGK MÉvgvçGj Rvjv ev ˆKvjv eGj| ‰me gvwUi
cvGòi RbÅ gvwUi XvKbv ^vGK| cÉwZwU Rvjv I ˆKvjvi aviY ÞgZv h^vò×Gg 50
ˆKwR (0.5 KzB´Ÿvj) ˆ^GK 300 ˆKwR (3 KzB´Ÿvj) ‰es 20 ˆKwR ˆ^GK 150 ˆKwR|
Kv`vi mGã avGbi Zzl, ˆMvei I Lo wgwkGq (hvGZ cÉGjc bv dvGU) AvGiK aiGbi
ˆPŒGKv ev ˆMvjvKvi cvò evbvGbv nq ˆhàwjGK MÉvgvçGj LywZ eGj| kmÅ w`Gq
LywZ fivU Kivi ci gyL Avevi Kv`v ˆjGc e«¬ Kiv nq| AGbK mgq LywZi wbGPi
w`GK ‰KwU ˆQvë wQ`Ë ^vGK hvGZ gyL bv LyGjB cÉGqvRbxq kmÅ ˆei Kiv hvq|
‰KB LywZi wfZi wewf®² RvGZi avb ev AbÅvbÅ kmÅ Avjv`v ivLvi RbÅ KGqKwU
KzVzwi ^vKGZ cvGi| ‰aiGbi ‰KwU LywZi aviY ÞgZv 200 ˆKwR ˆ^GK 800 ˆKwR
chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK| DcGi AvGjvwPZ wewf®² aiGbi gvwUi cvò mivmwi ˆgGSi Dci
ev ŠZwi gvPvq NGii wfZGi ivLv nq|
euvGki ˆMvjv ‰àwj euvGki PvUvB, euvGki UzKiv ev ˆeZ w`Gq ŠZwi| wbgÆvGYvcKiY I
AvKvGii wfwîGZ euvGki ˆMvjvGK ˆWvj, ˆeo I avwi eGj| K‡lKiv kmÅ msiÞGYi
RbÅ euvGki ˆMvjvB ˆewk eÅenvi KGi| gvwUi Av`ÆËZv ev ˆcvKvgvKo I Bu`yGii
Avò×gY ‰ovGbvi RbÅ ‰àwj mvaviYZ ˆMvjvNGi 0.5 ev 1 wgUvi DPz euvGki ev
KvGVi gvPvGb ivLv nq| mPivPi euvGki PUv ev bGji ˆeZ w`Gq ŠZwi ˆWvjàwj
ˆejbvKvi ev wWÁ¼vKvi AvKvGi ‰KUvbv ˆevbv nq ‰es DcGi ‰KwU ˆLvjvgyL ^vGK|
ˆKvb ˆKvb mgq ˆWvGji wfZGi I evBGi ˆMvei ev Kv`v ˆMvei w`Gq ˆjGc ˆ`Iqv
nq| ‰iKg ‰KwU ˆWvGji aviY ÞgZv mvaviYZ 200 ˆKwR ˆ^GK 800 ˆKwR chƯ¦
nGq ^vGK| ˆeo nj euvGki PUv w`Gq ŠZwi wWÁ¼vKvi ev ˆMvjvKvi cvò, Dci
I wbP ˆLvjv ‰es wfZi Kv`v I ˆMvei w`Gq ˆjcv| ‰iKg ‰KwU ˆeGoi aviY ÞgZv
600 ˆKwR ˆ^GK 1600 ˆKwR| avwi KGqKwU (2-5) euvGki PvUvB ˆRvov jvwMGq
ŠZwi| ˆejbvKvi avwii `ywU gyLB ˆLvjv ^vGK ‰es kmÅ fivi AvGM LGoi KvwQ
w`Gq ˆMvov ˆeuGa ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰àwji aviY ÞgZv 800 ˆKwR ˆ^GK 3000 ˆKwR|
ˆMvjvNi ‰KmGã ˆewk avb ivLvi RbÅ MÉvgvçGj eÅen…Z fvoviGK ˆMvjvNi eGj| ‰àwj
evwoi AvwObvq evbvGbv nq ‰es DcGi LGoi Pvj I wbGP 0.5-1 wgUvi DuPz gvPvb
^vGK| ˆMvjvNGii ˆeov euvGki PvUvB w`Gq ŠZwi ‰es Kv`v I ˆMvei wgkÉGY
ˆjcv| ‰àwjGZ ‰KmGã avb I AbÅvbÅ kmÅ ivLvi RbÅ KLbI wfZGi KGqKwU ˆKvVv
I cÉwZwU ˆKvVvi RbÅ ‰KwU `iRv ^vGK| ˆMvjvNGii aviY ÞgZv 1000 ˆKwR ˆ^GK
10,000 ˆKwR chƯ¦ nGq ^vGK|
eÕ¦vq msiÞY cƒGeÆvî× cÉPwjZ avb msiÞY c«¬wZ QvovI AGbK K‡lK PGUi eÕ¦vq avb ivGL|
cÉwZwU eÕ¦vq aviY ÞgZv 80-100 ˆKwR| fwZÆ eÕ¦vàwj gvPvGbi Dci Õ¦„c KGi
ivLv nq| eÕ¦vàwj ˆewkifvM ˆÞGò emZevwoGZB ^vGK ‰es ˆmRbÅ ˆcvKvgvKo ˆ^GK
iÞvi eÅeÕ©v MÉnY cÉvqkB KwVb ev AmÁ¿e nGq cGo| ‰fvGe msiwÞZ avGbi cwigvY
K‡lGKi BœQv ev mvgG^ÆÅi Dci wbfÆi KGi|
eÅemvqx ‰es miKvGii avb msiÞY ‰mKj ˆÞGò avb msiÞGY cÉPwjZ c«¬wZ Abym†Z nGjI KvVvGgvàwjGZ
AvaywbK DcKiY eÅen…Z nq| `ywU c«¬wZB eüj eÅen…Z PGUi eÕ¦v I mvBGjv|
eo eÅemvqx ‰es miKvGii Avw^ÆK I c«¬wZMZ myGhvM ^vKvq Zviv ‰mKj c«¬wZGZ
evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ avb msiÞY KGi ^vGK|
à`vgNi evsjvG`Gk Pvj msiÞGYi meÆvwaK eÅen…Z c«¬wZ nGjv PGUi eÕ¦vq msiÞY
‰es ‰RbÅ eÅen…Z nq bvbv aiGbi Ni, ZvGZ ^vGK ˆjcv ev bv ˆjcv BGUi ev
gvwUi ˆ`qvj wKsev wUGbi I euvGki PvUvBGqi ˆeov Avi gvwU, cv^i ev wmGgG´Ÿi
ˆgGS, Pvj wUGbi ev LGoi| ‰B AvUGcŒGi KvVvGgvàwj à`vg
(godown) wnGmGe mycwiwPZ| miKvGii Zî½veavGb
‰B aiGbi wKQy à`vGg QòvKbvkK I KxUbvkK «¼viv kmÅGkvaGbi D®²Z cÉhywî×i
eÅeÕ©v iGqGQ| miKvwi gvwjKvbvaxb eÕ¦v-ew±` Lv`kmÅ msiÞY eÅeÕ©vGK Õ©vbxq
Lv`Åà`vg
(Local Storage
Depot/LSD)
‰es ˆK±`Êxq Lv`Åà`vg
(Central
Storage Depot/CSD)
eGj| evsjvG`Gki wewf®² RvqMvq 9wU
CSD ‰es 620wU LSD iGqGQ, ˆhàwji aviY ÞgZv h^vò×Gg cÉvq 4.3 jÞ ˆg Ub
ˆ^GK 11.5 jÞ ˆg Ub| miKvi ‰ aiGbi à`vGg wewf®² aiGbi Lv`ÅkmÅ, ˆhgb avb,
Pvj I Mg msiÞY KGi|
LSD ^vGK mvaviYZ BDwbqb cwil`,
DcGRjv I ˆRjv m`i `µ¦Gi ‰es
CSD eo eo kni ev e±`Gi| eÕ¦vq
Õ¦„cvKvGi kmÅ msiÞGYi ‰KwU eo Amyweav nj elÆvi Av`ÆË ˆgŒmyGg kGmÅ, weGklZ
eÕ¦vi ˆLvjvwcGV Av`ËÆZv ˆkvwlZ nIqvq kmÅ`vbvq ŠReKgÆKví e†w«¬ cvq ‰es
KvhÆZ kGmÅi Aebqb I webwÓ¡ NGU| Avevi, MÉxÓÃKvGj à`vgNGii ˆgGS I ˆ`qvj
D nIqvi dGj 1 wgUvi DœPZvq ev ˆgGS I ˆ`qvGji KvQvKvwQ ivLv eÕ¦vàwjI
D nq ‰es kmÅ Av`ËÆZv nvivq I kGmÅi gvb nËvm cvq|
mvBGjvGZ msiÞY mvBGjv kmÅ IVvGbv I bvgvGbvi hvw¯¨K myweav mÁ¼wjZ ‰KwU msiÞY eÅeÕ©v|
evsjvG`Gki meàwj mvBGjvB miKvGii cwiPvjbvaxb| ˆgvU bqwU mvBGjvi meàwj
e±`i ‰jvKvq moK I hvZvqvGZi myweavRbK Õ©vGb AewÕ©Z| ‰me mvBGjvi ˆgvU
aviY ÞgZv cÉvq 3.6 jÞ ˆg Ub| kmÅ IVvGbv-bvgvGbvi myweav ^vKvq mvBGjvGK
‰wjGfUiI ejv nq| mvBGjvàwj BÕ·vZ, AÅvjywgwbqvg ev Kswò×U «¼viv wbwgÆZ| [ˆgvt kvgm-D`&-`xb]
avGbi ˆivM evsjvG`Gk PvlK‡Z mKj RvGZi avGb wewf®² ˆivM nq| ‰àwji gGaÅ fvBivm,
eÅvKGUwiqv, QòvK I K‡wgRwbZ ˆivM eQGii Ryb ˆ^GK wWGmÁ¼i gvGmi gGaÅ mvaviYZ
eÅvcKZv jvf KGi|
fvBivm I gvBGKvµÏvRgvRwbZ ˆivM
UzsGiv evsjvG`Gk ‰ ˆivM meÆcÉ^g wPwn×Z nq
1966 mvGj| KgGewk mviv ˆ`GkB ‰ ˆivM ˆ`Lv w`Gq ^vGK| ‰G`Gki wewf®² K‡wl
cwiGekxq AçGj 1967 mvj ˆ^GK 1969 mvj chƯ¦ mgGq ‰ ˆivGMi cÉv`yfÆve gvivZÄK
AvKvi aviY KGiwQj eGj Rvbv hvq| evsjvG`Gk avGbi UzsGiv ˆivM meGPGq ÞwZKi
fvBivmRwbZ ˆivM| MvGQi e†w«¬ iwnZ nGq hvIqv, cvZvàwj cvwKGq ev KzuPwKGq
hvIqv, Kzwk Drcv`b KGg hvIqv, ˆ`wiGZ dzj aiv BZÅvw` ‰ ˆivGMi weGkl jÞY|
avGbi kxl AvswkKfvGe weKwkZ nGZ cvGi A^ev ‰GKevGi AweKwkZ AeÕ©vqB ˆ^GK
ˆhGZ cvGi| cÉv^wgK chÆvGq ‰ ˆivGM Avò×v¯¦ nGj avbMvQ gvivI ˆhGZ cvGi|
UzsGiv ˆivM cvZvi ˆkvlK ˆcvKv Nephotettix virescens, N. nigropictus I Recilia (= Inazuma) dorsalis-‰i mvnvGhÅ msò×vwgZ nq|
avGbi ˆivM: KvícPv
(evGg); ev`vwg`vM ˆivM (WvGb) |
BGqvGjv WdÆ (Yellow Dwarf) evsjvG`Gki avbMvGQi ‰K AcÉavb
ˆivM| ‰wU fviZ I kÉxjsKvq weÕ¦†Z AvKvGi ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰ ˆivGMi jÞY wnGmGe
cvZvq, weGklZ KwP I bZzb weKwkZ cvZvq njG`GU fve, hvi djkɂwZGZ
gvivZÄKfvGe Drcv`b nËvm, ռ͸msLÅK kxl ˆei nIqv, `vbv wPUv nIqv cÉf‡wZ
DGÍÏL Kiv hvq|
Nilaparvata lugens
bvgK ev`vwg MvQ dwos ˆcvKvi
mvnvGhÅ ‰ ˆivM weÕ¦vi jvf KGi|
eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ amv ev eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ
cvZv amv ˆivM evsjvG`Gk 1966 mvGj meÆcÉ^g ˆ`Lv hvq| Xanthomonas campestris
pv. oryzae bvgK eÅvKGUwiqvi mvnvGhÅ ‰B
ˆivM nq| ˆivcv avGbi ˆÞGò ‰ ˆivM mvaviYZ Pviv ˆivcGYi Qq mµ¦vn cGi ˆ`Lv
ˆ`q| avGbi wewf®² RvGZi Dci wbfÆi KGi ‰ ˆivGMi jÞY wnGmGe avb cvZvi
kxlÆ ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi cvZvi ˆeÐW AsGki `y’cÉv¯¦ eivei ò×gv¯¼Gq wbGPi w`GK
÷wKGq ˆhGZ ^vGK|
eÅvKGUwiqvRwbZ cvZvi mi‚ `vM
ˆivM
Xanthomonas
campestris pv.
oryzicola bvgK eÅvKGUwiqvi msò×gGY nq|
avGbi cvZvGZB ‰ ˆivGMi jÞY mxgve«¬ ^vGK| cÉv^wgKfvGe cvZvq Õ¼œQ, mi‚
I mgv¯¦ivj wkivi gaÅeZÆx Õ©vGb jÁ¼vGU, Þz`Ë Þz`Ë `vM ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| `vMàwji
mÁcÉmviGYi mvG^ mvG^ cvZvi iOI ò×gv¯¼Gq ev`vwg nGZ ^vGK| ‰ ˆivGM gvivZÄKfvGe
Avò×v¯¦ nGj avGbi mÁ·ƒYÆ cvZv njy` A^ev ev`vwg jvj is aviY KGi| ‰ ˆivM
exRevwnZ ‰es RxevYy avGbi Lo ev ˆgv^v AsGki gGaÅ `yB ˆgŒmyGgi gaÅeZÆxKvj
AwZò×g KiGZ cvGi|
evsjvG`Gk DwbkwUi gGZv QòvKRwbZ
ˆivM kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ| ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆivMàwj nGœQ ˆLvj amv, ev`vwg`vM, ˆLvjcPv,
eÐvÕ¡, evKvwb, KvícPv, kmÅ-Mv`v R¾Gj hvIqv I a»R ˆivM| ˆLvj a»mv ˆivM-
Rhizoctonia solani bvgK QòvK m†Ó¡ ‰ ˆivMwU mvaviYZ
avGbi eqÕ• còGLvGji wbGPi AsGk mxgve«¬ ^vGK| ‰GÞGò `†kÅgvb ˆZgb ˆKvGbv
jÞY cwijwÞZ nq bv| AbyK„j cwiGeGk I ˆcvlK Dw«¿G`i msGe`bkxjZvi Dci wbfÆi
KGi ‰B ˆivGMi jÞY ò×gv¯¼Gq DcGii w`GK weÕ¦†Z nGZ ^vGK ‰gbwK kxlÆ chƯ¦
ˆcŒGuQ| QòvKm†Ó¡ KvícPv ˆivM nq Kzwk MRvGbvi ˆkl AeÕ©vq| ‰ ˆivGM Kví
cGP MvQ XGj cGo|
ev`vwg`vM ˆivM Bipolaris oryzae bvgK QòvK «¼viv m†Ó¡| evsjvG`Gki
cÉvq meÆòB ‰ ˆivM ˆ`Lv hvq ‰es me RvGZi avbMvQB ‰ ˆivMRxevYyGZ Avò×v¯¦
nq| mvavYZ evsjvG`Gki DîivçGj ‰ ˆivGMi cÉGKvc ˆewk nGq ^vGK|
ˆLvjcPv ˆivM nq Sarocladium oryzae bvgK QòvGKi Avò×gGY| ‰B ˆivGM
cvZvq ÞZ m†wÓ¡ nq ‰es Zv axGi axGi weÕ¦†Z I eo nGZ ^vGK|
Pyricularia oryzae bvgK QòvGKi msò×gGY avGbi
eÐvÕ¡ ˆivM nq| ‰ ˆivGM avb MvGQi wewf®² Ask ˆhgb cvZv, còGLvj, ceÆ,
kxGli ˆMvov ‰es `vbv Avò×v¯¦ nGq ^vGK|
evsjvG`Gk avGbi cuvPwU wbgvGUvWRwbZ
ˆivM kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ| ‰àwji gGaÅ ‘Ddiv,’ ‘wMuU’ I ‘mv`v kxlÆ’ ˆivM ˆek
ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| Õ©vbxqfvGe Ddiv ˆivM ‘WvKGcvov’ ev ‘ˆ^vo ˆcvov’ ˆivM wnGmGe
AwfwnZ| Þz`ËvKvi, Dw«¿` ciRxex wbgvGUvW Ditylenchus angustus-‰i Avò×gGY ‰ ˆivM nq| evsjvG`Gk Ddiv Mfxi cvwbi avb
MvGQi ‰KwU gvivZÄK ÞwZKi ˆivM| ‰ ˆivM meÆcÉ^g 1913 mvGj ˆbvqvLvjxGZ
evUjvi KZƆK ˆiKWÆK‡Z nq| avb MvGQ ˆ^vo Drc®² nIqvi AvGMB ‰ K‡wgi AvMvg
Avò×gGYi KviGY kxl Drc®² nGZ cvGi bv|
Meloidogyne cÉRvwZi wbgvGUvW wkKGo wMuU
(root knot) ŠZwi KGi| gvivZÄKfvGe Avò×v¯¦
MvGQi e†w«¬ cÉvq ˆ^Gg hvq|
Aphelenchoides besseyii bvgK AvGiK ciRxex mv`v kxlÆ (white tip) ˆivM m†wÓ¡ KGi| ‰ wbgvGUvW Mfxi cvwbi avb MvQ Avò×gY KGi| avGbi
wkKGo Avò×gY Kivi dGj wkKo weeYÆ nq ‰es ‰KB mvG^ avb MvGQi e†w«¬ wewN³Z
nq| [Aveyj LvGqi]
avGbi ÞwZKi KxUcZã Liv, AwZe†wÓ¡, SoSêv I ebÅvq AGbK mgGq dmGji hG^Ó¡ ÞwZ nGjI ‰me
cÉvK‡wZK wechÆq QvovI KGqK aiGbi wbgvGUvW, kvgyK, ò×vmGUwmqvb I KxUcZãmn
AGbK AGgi‚`íx cÉvYx ‰es KwZcq ˆgi‚`íx cÉvYx ˆhgb cvwL I Bu`yi, e†w«¬i
cÉvq me chÆvGqB avb MvQGK Avò×gY KGi| ‰K wnmvGe ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ ˆKej KxUcZGãi
Avò×gGYB avGbi ÞwZi cwigvY kZKiv 10 ˆ^GK 15 fvM chƯ¦ nGZ cvGi|
wbgvGUvW (Nematode) mÁ¿eZ
AvKvGi AGbK Þz`Ë nevi KviGY wbgvGUvW `xNÆw`b gvbyGli `†wÓ¡ ‰woGq ˆMGQ|
AwZ mÁ·ÉwZ wbgvGUvGWi mGã avb MvGQi ˆivMZvwî½K I kvixie†wîK wKQy mÁ·KÆ
kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ| ‰me Þz`ËcÉvYx ZvG`i eÍÏGgi gGZv QuyPvGjv Õ¡vBGjU (stylet) w`Gq KvícÉvPxi wQ`Ë KGi ˆKvlKjvi ÞwZ KGi| Avò×gYKvix
wbgvGUvGWi msLÅv, MvGQi eqm ‰es avGbi RvZGfG` ÞwZi gvòvi ZviZgÅ nq|
evsjvG`Gk ÞwZKi wbgvGUvWG`i gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Ditylenchus angustus| ‰i ÞwZi mvgwMÉK jÞY Ddiv ˆivM bvGg cwiwPZ| avGbi
Avi ˆhme ciRxex wbgvGUvW kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ Zvi gGaÅ Meloidogyne incognata, Heterodera oryzae,
Hirschmanniella
oryzae
‰es Tylenchorhynchus-‰i KGqKwU cÉRvwZ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ|
kvgyK (Snail) kvgyGKi gGaÅ
Ampullaria MGYi ‰K cÉRvwZ Pviv AeÕ©vi
avGbi ÞwZ KGi| AwaKvsk ˆÞGò Avò×v¯¦ MvQ gviv hvq|
KuvKov (Crab) Gecarinidae ‰es
Pontamonidae
ˆMvGòi KGqKwU KuvKov cÉRvwZ avb MvGQi ÞwZ KGi| mvaviYZ ivwòGejv exRZjvi
ˆQvU ˆQvU Pviv ˆLGq bÓ¡ KGi ˆ`q| ‰Qvov cvwb ˆmGPi AvBj
(bunds) dzGUv KGi AGbK mgGq ˆÞGZ cvwb
mieivn eÅvnZ KGi|
KxUcZã ÞwZKi KxUcZã evsjvG`Gk avb PvGli AbÅZg cÉavb A¯¦ivq| e†w«¬i cÉvq
me chÆvGqB avb MvQ ˆKvb bv ˆKvb ÞwZKi cZã «¼viv Avò×v¯¦ nq| ‰G`i Avò×gGY
cvZv, Kví, ‰gbwK kmÅ`vbviI gvivñK ÞwZ nq| ZGe ÞwZi gvòv wbfÆi KGi avGbi
RvZ, ÞwZKi cÉvYxi cÉRvwZ I Zvi msLÅv ‰es avb MvGQi e†w«¬i chÆvGqi Dci|
1972 mvGji cƒGeÆ evsjvG`Gk gvò 76wU avGbi ÞwZKi KxUcZã wPwn×Z Kiv nGqwQj|
1979 mvGji gGaÅ ‰GZ ˆhvM nq AviI 83wU cÉRvwZ| ˆgvU 159wU cÉRvwZ 7wU
eGMÆ 44wU ˆMvGò A¯¦fzÆî× ‰es ‰G`i AwaKvskB
Lepidoptera (58 cÉRvwZ) ‰es Homoptera (44 cÉRvwZ) eGMÆi m`mÅ (mviwY)|
mviwY 2 evsjvG`Gk wewf®² eGMÆi avGbi ÞwZKi KxUcZGãi ˆMvò I cÉRvwZi msLÅv
| eMÆ |
ˆMvGòi
msLÅv |
cÉRvwZ
msLÅv |
| Coleoptera |
8 |
20 |
| Diptera |
4 |
4 |
| Hemiptera |
3 |
10 |
| Homoptera |
12 |
44 |
| Lepidoptera |
9 |
58 |
| Orthoptera |
5 |
17 |
| Thysanoptera |
3 |
6 |
| ˆgvU |
44 |
159 |
Drm
Nine Years of Entomology Division,
BRRI, 1983
avGbi meGPGq ÞwZKi cÉvwYGMvÓ¤x
Lepidoptera eGMÆi gvRiv ˆcvKv| ‰me ˆcvKv
gG^i AcwiYZ chÆvq, Rxeb PGò×i ÷i‚GZB wWg ˆ^GK ˆewiGq ‰K mgGq avb MvGQi
KvGíi gGaÅ cÉGek KGi| KvGíi wfZGii ˆKvlKjv ˆLGq ‰iv ò×Gg eo nq ‰es ˆmLvGbB
jvfÆv I wcDcv `kv AwZevwnZ KGi| evsjvG`Gk QqwU pyralid ‰es ‰KwU
noctuid gvRiv ˆcvKvi cÉRvwZ kbvî×
nGqGQ| avb MvQ e†w«¬i ˆKvb chÆvGq gvRiv ˆcvKv «¼viv Avò×v¯¦ nq Zvi Dci
eüjvsGk wbfÆi KGi ÞwZi gvòv| ˆQvU PvivMvQ Avò×v¯¦ nGj WMvi cvZvwU gGi
÷wKGq hvq ‰es avb MvGQi ÞwZi ‰ aiGbi jÞYGK ejv nq ‘ˆWW nvUÆ’ (dead heart)| avGbi ˆ^vi ˆei nevi mgGq MvQ Avò×v¯¦ nGj Qov ÷wKGq hvq, mv`v
ˆ`Lvq ‰es ‰GZ exR wPUv ev AcyÓ¡ nq| ‰ aiGbi ÞwZ ‘mv`v gv^v’ (white head) bvGg cwiwPZ|
gvRiv ˆcvKvi cGiB avGbi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
ÞwZKi cÉvYx cvZv dwos I MvQ dwos| MvGQi im-ˆkvlYÞg ‰me ˆcvKv Lye `Ë‚Z
msLÅvq evoGZ cvGi| ‰G`Gk
Homoptera eGMÆi Cicadellidae ‰es Delphacidae ˆMvGòi cÉvq 36wU cÉRvwZi ˆkvlK ˆcvKvi DcwÕ©wZ
jÞÅ Kiv ˆMGQ| ‰G`i AcwiYZ
(nymph) ‰es cwiYZ eqGmi ˆcvKvàwj Kví,
cvZv ‰es ˆLvj ˆ^GK AbeiZ im PzGl Lvq| ZxeË Avò×gY nGj MvQ cÉ^Gg njG`
‰es cGi ò×Gg ÷wKGq hvq| cvZv ÷wKGq hvevi dGj ˆÞGZ ˆh ‰K ŠewkÓ¡ÅcƒYÆ
jÞY cÉKvk cvq Zv ‘ncvi evbÆ’
(hopper
burn) bvGg cwiwPZ| ‰Qvov ˆkvlK ˆcvKv
MvGQ welvî× `ËeÅ Abywe«¬ KGi e†w«¬i eÅvNvZ NUvq| KGqKwU cÉRvwZ fvBivm
ˆivM UzsGivmn KwZcq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆivGMi evnK|
|
|
meyR cvZv dwWs |
cvgwi ˆcvKv |
avGbi cvZv ˆLGq
bÓ¡ KGi ‰gb KGqKwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ÞwZKi cÉvYxi gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ ˆj`v ˆcvKv,
kxlKvUv ˆj`v ˆcvKv, cvgwi ˆcvKv ‰es Nvm dwos| cvZv ˆgvovGbv ˆcvKv ‰es
Pzwã ˆcvKvI AbyK„j cwiGeGk AGbK ÞwZ KGi|
evsjvG`k ˆ^GK avGbi ÞwZKi cÉvYxi
cÉvq 85wU ciRxex ‰Lb chƯ¦ kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ| ‰i gGaÅ 14wU cÉRvwZ (5wU
ˆMvGòi)
Diptera eGMÆi ‰es 71wU cÉRvwZ (14
ˆMvGòi)
Hymenoptera eGMÆi m`mÅ| ‰G`i AwaKvskB
ÞwZKi KxUcZGãi jvfÆv `kvi ciRxex ‰es ˆewki fvM Avò×gY KGi gvRiv ˆcvKv,
ˆj`v ˆcvKv, kxlKvUv ˆj`v ˆcvKv, cvgwi ˆcvKv, meyR cvZv dwos ‰es cvZv
ˆgvovGbv ˆcvKvG`i|
avGbi ÞwZKi cÉvYx `gGbi RbÅ
‰LbI eüjvsGk KxUbvkK eÅenvi nq| mÁ·ÉwZ evsjvG`k miKvGii K‡wl mÁ·ÉmviY
Awa`µ¦i cÉwkÞY I cÉ`kÆbxi gvaÅGg mgw¯¼Z evjvB `gb KvhÆò×Ggi w`GK K‡lKG`i
Drmvn `vGbi cÉGPÓ¡v PvjvGœQ| [‰m.‰g
ügvqyb Kwei]
AviI ˆ`Lyb evsjvG`k avb MGelYv BbwÕ¡wUDU |
