agÆesk gnvÕ©wei, AM&MgnvcwíZ (1872-1939)  agÆcÉPviK I wkÞvwe`| Zuvi wcZ‡`î bvg cÉvYK‡ú eo~qv; wfÞzeËZ MÉnGYi ci Zuvi bZzb bvgKiY Kiv nq ‘agÆesk’| 1872 mvGji 23 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i KjKvZvq wZwb R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| Zuvi ŠcZ‡K wbevm PëMÉvg ˆRjvi ˆevqvjLvjx DcGRjvi ˆeãyiv MÉvGg| agÆesk KjKvZvi eüevRvi wgkbvwi we`Åvjq ^GK cÉv^wgK I gvaÅwgK wkÞv jvf KGib| Zvici AvVvGiv eQi eqGm wZwb eüevRvGii bexb wenvGi kÉvgYÅaGgÆ `xwÞZ nb ‰es ˆeŒ«¬agÆ I `kÆGb DœPwkÞv jvGfi RbÅ eËþG`k Mgb KGib| ˆmLvGb ˆgŒjGgbÕ© ŠeRq¯¦x wenvGii AaÅÞ mvMiv gnvÕ©weGii wbKU wZwb DcmÁ·`v MÉnY KGib|

evgÆvq AaÅqbGkGl AviI DœPZi wkÞvjvGfi RbÅ agÆesk kÉxjâv Mgb KGib| 1904 mvGj ˆ`Gk wdGi wZwb PëMÉvGg ‰KwU ˆeŒ«¬ wenvGii AaÅÞ cG` ˆhvM`vb KGib| ‰KB mGã wZwb PëMÉvg miKvwi KGjwRGqU Õ•zGj cvwj wkÞGKiI `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib| 1911 wLËÓ¡vGõ PëMÉvg miKvwi gnvwe`ÅvjGq cvwj wefvM ˆLvjv nGj wZwb Zvi cÉ^g cÉfvlK wbhyî× nb| ˆlvGjv eQi ‰B cG` AwawÓ¤Z ˆ^GK agÆesk PëMÉvGg cvwj wkÞvi c^ cÉkÕ¦ KGib| 

1918 wLËÓ¡vGõ agÆesk wòcyivivR exGi±`ÊwKGkvi I AbÅG`i Avw^ÆK mnGhvwMZvq wenvi D®²qGbi KvGR nvZ ˆ`b| PëMÉvGg wewf®² mgGq ey«¬G`e I ˆeŒ«¬ ˆ`eG`exG`i ˆhme gƒwZÆ AvweÓ•‡Z nGqGQ, wZwb ˆmàwji wKQy wKQy ˆeŒ«¬ wenvi I gw±`Gi cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰me KvGR Zuvi ˆbZ‡Z½ I `ÞZvi Õ¼xK‡wZÕ¼i…c evgÆv miKvi ZuvGK ‘AM&MgnvcwíZ’ (1927) DcvwaGZ f„wlZ KGi| 1939 mvGji 3 wWGmÁ¼i mvZevwoqv ˆeŒ«¬wenvGi Zuvi g†ZzÅ nq|  [wfÞz mybx^vb±`]