ZwgRDóxb Lvb   ivR‹bwZK eÅwî×Z½| wZwb Awefî× evsjvi ‰KRb g¯¨x wQGjb| cGi wZwb cvwKÕ¦vb msweavb mfvi ˆcÉwmGW´Ÿ I RvZxq cwilG`i Õ·xKvi wnGmGe ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGib| 1889 mvGj dwi`cyGii mvaviY ‰K K‡lK cwievGi wZwb R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| JcwbGewkK kvmGbi mxwgZ myGhvGM weKvGkv¯ÃyL gymjgvbG`i `xNÆ `ytmvnwmK hvòvq ‰KwU Õ©vb AwaKvi Kivi weGkl jÞYmgƒn Zuvi cÉ^g RxeGb ˆ`Lv wMGqwQj| Rwg ˆ^GK AwRÆZ Zuvi wcZvi mxwgZ Avq ZwgRDóxGbi wkÞvi eÅq ˆhvMvGbi RbÅ hG^Ó¡ wQjbv| ˆm mgGqi AbÅvbÅ gymjgvb QvòG`i gGZv cov÷bv PvwjGq ˆbqvi RbÅ ZuvGK ‰KwU RvqwMi LuyRGZ nGqwQj ‰es cGi KjKvZvq Zvi KGjR wkÞvi eÅq wbeÆvGni RbÅ ZuvGK ‰K abx cwievGi weevne®¬Gb Ave«¬ nGZ nGqwQj|

1913 mvGj BsGiwRGZ ‰g.‰ wWwMÉ ‰es 1915 mvGj AvBb cvm Kivi ci wZwb AvBb eÅemvi RbÅ dwi`cyGi emwZ Õ©vcb KGib| cvkvcvwk wZwb ivRbxwZGZ Ask MÉnY KGib ‰es dwi`cyi ˆcŒimfvi fvBm ˆPqvigÅvb wbeÆvwPZ nb| wZwb KsGMÉGm ˆhvM`vb KGib, Avéygvb-B-Bmjvwgqvi mÁ·v`KI nb ‰es cGi gymwjg jxGM ˆhvM`vb KGib| wZwb wLjvdZ I AmnGhvM AvG±`vjGb Ask MÉnb KGib ‰es Kvivi…«¬ nb| 1926 mvGj ˆcŒimfvi wbeÆvPbKvGj Zuvi wbeÆvPbx ‰jvKvi msLÅvMwiÓ¤ wn±`y wbeÆvPKMY ZuvGK mg^Æb KGi wb| eÅwî×MZ ‰ nZvkvi mvG^ fviGZi wewf®² AsGk msNwUZ ZxeË wn±`y-gymjgvb mvÁcÉ`vwqK `vãvi wPò hyî× nGj AbÅvbÅ AGbK gymjgvb ivRbxwZwe`G`i gGZv wZwb RvZxqZvev`x ivRbxwZi cÉwZ wei…c nb ‰es wbGRGK mÁ·ƒYÆfvGe gymjgvb Õ¼vG^Æ wbGqvwRZ KGib|

1920 mvj nGZ weËwUk miKvi ˆfvUvwaKvi mÁcÉmviY KiGZ ÷i‚ KGi ‰es wbeÆvPbx ivRbxwZGZ K‡lK mÁcÉ`vGqi DcGii AskGK A¯¦fÆyî× KGi| kwî×kvjx MÉvgxY wfwî ^vKvi KviGY ZwgRDóxGbi cGÞ wbwLj evsjvi ivRbxwZGZ AvKlÆYxq eÅwî×Z½ nIqv mÁ¿e nGqwQj| 1926 mvGj wZwb ‰KRb KsGMÉmcw¯©gymjgvb Rwg`viGK civwRZ KGi dwi`cyi nGZ eãxq AvBb cwilG` wbeÆvwPZ nb|

gymwjg jxGMi mvG^ ‰Kxf„Z nGZ AÕ¼xKvi KGi ‰.ˆK dRjyj nK 1937 mvGji wbeÆvPGb AeZxYÆ nIqvi RbÅ 1936 mvGj K‡lK cÉRv cvwUÆ cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ZwgRDóxb Lvb gymwjg jxGMi wUGKGU Zuvi cÉwZ«¼±«¼x KsGMÉm cÉv^Æx ügvqyb KexiGK civwRZ KGi dwi`cyi nGZ wbeÆvwPZ nb| jxM-cÉRv cvwUÆ ˆKvqvwjkb gw¯¨mfvq ZuvGK bv ˆbIqvi RbÅ wZwb nZvk nGq Õ¼vaxb cÉRv mwgwZ cÉwZÓ¤v KGib ‰es ˆMvcGb eãxq AvBb cwilG`i KsGMÉm ˆbZv kir emyi mvG^ Avjvc AvGjvPbv ÷i‚ KGib| 1938 mvGji gaÅ RyGb KsGMÉm ‘ˆeãj ˆUbÅvw´Ö AÅvGg´£Gg´Ÿ wej’-‰i cÉGk² miKvGii wei‚G«¬ ‰K AbvÕ©v cÉÕ¦ve Dïvcb KGi ‰es AbÅvbÅ nZvkvMÉÕ¦ cÉRv ˆbZvmn ZwgRDóxb Lvb cÉÕ¦vweZ AbvÕ©v mg^Æb KGib| hvGnvK, cÉÕ¦vewU wedj nq ‰es nK gw¯¨mfv wUGK hvq| AZtci dRjyj nK ZwgRDóxb LvbGK gw¯¨mfvq Avg¯¨Y RvwbGq Zuvi wbGRi AeÕ©vbGK `‡p KiGZ wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGib| cÉv^wgKfvGe ZuvGK Jla I RbÕ¼vÕ©Å `µ¦i ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es cGi ZuvGK K‡wl I wk͸ `µ¦Gii `vwqZ½ cÉ`vb Kiv nq|

1941 mvGji gGaÅ dRjyj nK ‰es gymwjg jxGMi gGaÅ dvUj ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| nK wn±`y gnvmfvi ˆbZv kÅvgv cÉmv` gyLvRÆxi mvG^ Zuvi w«¼Zxq ˆKvqvwjkb gw¯¨mfv MVb KGib| ZwgRDóxb Lvb Zuvi AbÅvbÅ gymwjg jxGMi mnKgÆxG`i wbGq AvBb cwilG` weGivax `Gj ˆhvM`vb KGib|

1943 mvGj nK gw¯¨mfvi cZb NUGj Õ¼Z¯¨ wn±`y I BDGivcxqG`i mg^ÆGb bvwRgDóxGbi AaxGb ‰KwU bZzb ˆKvqvwjkb gw¯¨mfv MwVZ nq| ZwgRDóxb Lvb wkÞv g¯¨x nb| 1945 mvGj ‰KwU QvUvB cÉÕ¦vGei (KvU ˆgvkvb) Dci ˆfvGU miKvi civwRZ nq ‰es AvBb cwil` ˆfGã ˆ`Iqv nq|

BGZvgGaÅ gymwjg jxM cvwKÕ¦vb `vweGK Zvi cÉavb welGq cwiYZ KGi| 1945 mvGji wbeÆvPGb ZwgRDóxb Lvb XvKv gqgbwmsn wbeÆvPbx ‰jvKv ˆ^GK UvãvBGji Ave`yj nvwjg MRbex GK civwRZ KGi ˆK±`Êxq AvBb cwilG` wbeÆvwPZ nb| weËwUk miKvi hLb DcgnvG`kGK wefî× Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGi ZLb wZwb cvwKÕ¦vb MYcwilG`i m`mÅ wbeÆvwPZ nb ‰es ˆK±`Êxq cwil` Bw´£qv I cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbÅ `ywU MYcwil` wbeÆvwPZ KGi| cGi wZwb cwilG`i mn mfvcwZ wbeÆvwPZ nb ‰es mfvcwZ nb ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx wR®²vn ‰es 1948 mvGj wR®²vni g†ZzÅi ci wZwb mfvcwZ cG` AwawÓ¤Z nb| Zuvi AeÅvnZ cÉGPÓ¡v mGî½I ˆ`Gki kvmbZ¯¨ iPbvi cÉwò×qv eÅvnZ I wejwÁ¼Z nq| dGj ZxeË AmG¯¦vl ˆ`Lv ˆ`q|

ˆMvjvg ˆgvnvÁÃ` 1954 mvGj MYcwil` ˆfGã w`Gj ZwgRDóxb Lvb Dî× c`GÞGc Avcwî RvwbGq wm®¬z ˆKvGUÆ ‘ZwgRDóxb Lvb ebvg ˆdWvGikb Ae cvwKÕ¦vb’ bvGg ‰K gvgjv `vGqi KGib ‰es ‰GZ wZwb Rqjvf KGib| hvGnvK, AvcxGj ˆdWvGij ˆKvUÆ wm®¬z ˆKvGUÆi ivqGK ‘ivÓ¡Ëxq cÉGqvRGb’ evwZj KGi ˆ`q| ‰ ivq wQj w«¼avMÉÕ¦|

wKQy KvGji RbÅ ZwgRDóxb Lvb ivR‹bwZKfvGe nvwiGq hvb| 1962 mvGji kvmbZG¯¨i AaxGb ZwgRDóxb Lvb bÅvkbvj AÅvGmÁ¼wji m`mÅ (‰g.‰b.‰) wbeÆvwPZ nb ‰es cGi cvwKÕ¦vb RvZxq cwilG`i ÕcxKvi wbeÆvwPZ nb| 1963 mvGji 19 AvMÕ¡ Zuvi g†ZzÅi cƒeÆ chƯ¦ wZwb ‰ cG` AwawÓ¤Z wQGjb| 

[géyi Avnmvb]