WvjGnŒmx, jWÆ (1812-1860)  1848 ˆ^GK 1856 mvj chƯ¦ fviGZi MfbÆi ˆRbvGij| wZwb 1822 mvGji 22 ‰wcÉj R¯ÃMÉnY KGib ‰es nÅvGiv I AÝGdvGWÆi ò×vBÕ¡ PvGPÆ wkÞvjvf KGib| 1848 mvGji 12 Rvbyqvwi fviGZi MfbÆi ˆRbvGiGji `vwqZ½ MÉnGYi cƒGeÆ wZwb wcÉwf KvDw´Öji I evwYRÅ ˆevGWÆi ˆcÉwmGW´Ÿ wQGjb| hw`I H mgq Zuvi eqm QwòGki wKQy Kg I f™²Õ¼vÕ©Å, ZeyI wZwb ˆRvivGjv K¥¤Õ¼i I KZ‡ÆZ½cƒYÆ ˆgRvGRi AwaKvix wQGjb| wZwb meÆGÞGò cvøvGZÅi ˆkÉÓ¤GZ½ cÉej wek¼vmx wQGjb, Zuvi kvmbKvGj fviGZ weËwUk mvgËvGRÅi mÁ·ÉmviY ‰es ‰KB mGã ‰G`Gk AGbK msÕ•vi I MVbgƒjK KvhÆ mÁ·®² nGqwQj|

WvjGnŒmx w«¼Zxq wkL hy«¬ (1848-49) cwiPvjbv KGi cvéve AwaKvi KGib| 1850 mvGj wZwb wmwKGgi wKQy Ask `Lj KGib ‰es 1852 mvGji ˆklw`GK Zuvi ˆmbvevwnbx w«¼Zxq evgÆv hyG«¬ Ask wbGq evgÆvi wbÁ²vçj Rq KGi| wZwb wek¼vm KiGZb ˆh, fviZxqG`i RbÅ ZvG`i wbR ivRbÅeGMÆi ˆPGq weËwUk kvmb AwaK wnZKi| Zuvi mÁ¼G®¬ ‰Uv ejv nGq ^vGK ˆh, Zuvi cƒeÆeZÆx kvmKMY ˆhLvGb AGbÅi f„Lí ˆRvi KGi AwaKvi Kivi bxwZ cwinvi KGi PjGZb, ˆmLvGb WvjGnŒmx ŠeafvGe wbR mvgËvRÅ mÁ·ÉmviGYi gƒjbxwZ MÉnY KGib| ZvB wZwb Õ¼Z½weGjvc bxwZ cÉeZÆb KGib ˆhLvGb ejv nq ˆh, hw` ˆKvb ˆ`kxq ivRv Õ¼vfvweK DîivwaKvix bv ˆiGL gviv hvb ZvnGj H Õ¼vaxb ivGÓ¡Ëi mveÆGfŒgZ½ fviGZ weËwUk mvgËvGRÅi nvGZ PGj AvmGe ‰GZ `îKcyò ivLvi AwaKvi Awm«¬ ˆNvlYv Kiv nq|

jWÆ WvjGnŒmx

‰ bxwZ cÉGqvM KGi wZwb mvZviv, mÁ¼jcyi, D`qcyi, Suvwm I bvMcyi ivRÅmgƒn AwaKvi KGib| WvjGnŒmx KYÆvUK I ZvGévGii ˆLZvemvi mveÆGfŒgGZ½i weGjvc mvab KGib| KviY wZwb ZvG`iGK AKvhÆKi eGj MYÅ KGib| cÉvî×b ˆcGkvqv w«¼Zxq evwR ivI gviv ˆMGj wZwb Zuvi `îKcyò bvbv mvGneGK ˆcbkb cÉ`vb KiGZ AmÁÃwZ Rvbvb| AeGkGl wZwb KzkvmGbi ARynvGZ 1856 mvGj AGhvaÅvI AwaKvi KGib| wZwb gyMj mgËvGUi ivRKxq ˆLZve weGjvc KiGZ, w`wÍÏi ivRcÉvmv` ˆ^GK ivRcwieviGK mwiGq ˆdjGZ ‰es evnv`yi kvni cyòGK ivRKxq Awfav ˆ^GK ewçZ KiGZ Awfjvlx nb| WvjGnŒmxi Õ¼Z½weGjvc bxwZi cÉGqvM mÁ·GKÆ ˆhŒwî×KfvGeB ejv nGq ^vGK ˆh, hLb DîivwaKvixi Afve NUZ ZLb wZwb Õ¼Z½ weGjvc KiGZb; hLb ZvG`i cÉvPzhÆ ^vKZ, ZLb wZwb ciÕ·iweGivax `vwe`viG`i gaÅ ˆ^GK ivR-cwievGii cÉavb ˆK nGeb Zvi Õ¼xK‡wZGK weGjvGci ‰KwU kZÆ wnGmGe eÅenvi KiGZb| ‰fvGe WvjGnŒmx Zuvi AvU eQGii ivRZ½KvGji gGaÅ DcgnvG`Gki ivR‹bwZK gvbwPò e`Gj ˆ`b|

WvjGnŒmxi mgGq ˆek wKQy msÕ•vi cÉewZÆZ nq| wZwb KjKvZvi mwPevjq cybivq msMwVZ KGib ‰es MfbÆi ˆRbvGiGji cÉkvmwbK ài‚fvi ˆgvPb KiGZ evsjvi RbÅ ‰KRb ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ MfbÆi wbGqvM KGib| wZwb fviGZi ˆij eÅeÕ©v D®²qGbi RbÅ cÉavb jvBbmgƒn Õ©vcb KGib| ˆUwjMÉvd wbwgÆZ nq ‰es WvK eÅeÕ©v D®²Z Kiv nq| wZwb miKvwi cƒZÆ wefvM cÉwZÓ¤v KGib hvi gvaÅGg cƒZÆ KgÆmƒwP, ˆhgb ivÕ¦v I ˆmZz wbgÆvY, ‰es RbmvaviGYi DcKvGi AvGm ‰gb AbÅvbÅ KvhÆvewj, hvi gGaÅ ˆmP cÉK͸mgƒGni mÁ·ÉmviY A¯¦fzÆî× wQj, nvGZ ˆbqv nq| MYwkÞv wefvM cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv nq ‰es wkÞv ˆÞGò ò×gv¯¼wqK chÆvq mÁ·GKÆ cwiK͸bv Kiv nGqwQj| AvBGbi gvaÅGg wZwb wn±`y weaevG`i cybweÆevnGK Šea KGib ‰es wLËÓ¡aGgÆ agÆv¯¦wiZG`i ŠcZ‡K mÁ·wîGZ DîivwaKvGii AGhvMÅ KivGK `ƒi KGib| 1853 mvGj BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb i mb` bevqb Kiv nq ‰es bZzb eÅeÕ©vi AaxGb fviZxq wmwfj mvwfÆmGK fviZxqG`i RbÅ D¯Ãyî× Kiv nq| eb msiÞY ˆ^GK ˆRjmgƒGni AeÕ©vi D®²wZ mvab chƯ¦ cÉkvmwbK ˆÞGò ‰gb kvLv KgB wQj ˆhLvGb WvjGnŒmx Zuvi msÕ•vGii nvZ bv jvwMGqwQGjb| myZivs ‰K^v ejv nGq ^vGK ˆh, fviGZ ˆh mKj weËwUk cÉkvmK ‰GmwQGjb ZuvG`i gGaÅ KGqKRb wQGjb weRqx, KGqKRb wQGjb wbgÆvZv ‰es AbÅiv wQGjb msÕ•viK, wK¯§ jWÆ WvjGnŒmx ‰KvB wQGjb ‰i meàwjB|

WvjGnŒmxi aÅvb-aviYv wQj fviZGK cvøvGZÅi Av`Gj MGo ˆZvjv ‰es mÁ¿eZ ˆmRbÅ wZwb ‘AGbKUv c^ AwZ `Ë‚Z’ AwZò×g KGiwQGjb| hw`I wZwb cwiZ‡µ¦ cvéve ˆiGL ˆMGQb, ˆijc^, moK I ˆUwjMÉvGdi myweavw` cÉ`vb KGiGQb, wK¯§ wZwb H mKj eÅwî×i Abyf„wZGK cyGivcywi AMÉvnÅ KGiGQb hviv Zuvi mÁ·ÉmviY bxwZ I m†wÓ¡kxj msÕ•vimgƒn «¼viv ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nGqwQj| ‰RbÅ 1857 mvGji hy«¬ wQj weËwUkG`i K‡ZKGgÆi `í cwiGkvGai gGZv|

1856 mvGji 29 ˆdeË‚qvwi Aemi MÉnGYi ci wZwb f™² Õ¼vÕ©Å wbGq fviZ ZÅvM KGib ‰es Pvi eQi wb`vi‚Y kvixwiK KÓ¡ I h¯¨Yv ˆfvGMi ci 1860 mvGj wZwb ciGjvKMgb KGib|  [ˆK.‰g ˆgvnmxb]