ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjb kÉwgKMY KZ‡ÆK ZvG`i KvGRi kZÆvewj D®²qGbi jGÞÅ
msMwVZ ZrciZv| wk͸ weKvGki ˆMvovi w`GK hLb gvwjK I kÉwgGKi gGaÅ eÅwî×MZ
ˆhvMvGhvM wQj, ZLb ‰B `yB cGÞi gGaÅ mÁ·KÆ wbi…cGYi RbÅ ˆKvb msMVGbi
cÉGqvRbxqZv wQj bv| wK¯§ AvaywbK Kj-KviLvbv eÅeÕ©vq eÅwî×MZ ˆhvMvGhvGMi
welqwU AbycwÕ©Z ‰es gvwjK I kÉwgGKi mÁ·KÆwU UvbvGcvGoGb mâUcƒYÆ| kÉgkwî×i
ˆò×Zv I weGò×Zvi gaÅKvi Õ¼vG^Æi «¼±«¼ ò×Gg ZxeË nGqGQ ‰es ‰i dGj wek¼eÅvcx
ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjGbi cÉmvi NGUGQ| weËwUk fviGZ ÷i‚ nIqv RvZxqZvev`x
‰es ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjGbi mgv¯¦ivj weKvGki avivwUi HwZnÅ cvwKÕ¦vb Avgj
cvi nGq evsjvG`Gki R¯Ã chƯ¦ AeÅvnZ ^vGK|
fviGZi cÉ^g
ˆUÇW BDwbqb msÕ©v eGÁ¼ wgj nÅv´£m AÅvGmvwmGqkb MwVZ nq 1890 mvGji 24
‰wcÉj| ‰wU weËwUk fviGZ ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjGb MwZ mçvi KGi| 1919 mvGj
AvB‰jI-i cÉwZÓ¤v kÉwgKG`i wbGRG`iGK msMwVZ Kivi ‰es wbGRG`i fvMÅ MVGbi
ˆcÉiYv I kwî× ˆhvMvq| ‰B Av¯¦RÆvwZK msÕ©vq fviGZi m`mÅc` MÉnGYi NUbvwU
kÉwgK msMVbmgƒGni KvhÆò×g mg¯¼qKiY I cwiPvjbvi jGÞÅ 1920 mvGj Aj Bw´£qv
ˆUÇW BDwbqb KsGMÉm (‰AvBwUBDwm) bvGg ‰KwU ˆK±`Êxq msMVb m†wÓ¡GZ Mfxi
cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGi|
1924
ˆ^GK 1935 mvj chƯ¦ mgqGK weµÏex ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjGbi mgq eGj weGePbv
Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰g. ‰b ivq, gyRd&di Avng`, ‰m. ‰ WvGã, kIKZ Imgvbx
cÉgyL ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjGb ˆbZ‡Z½ ˆ`b ‰es ‰i djÕ¼i…c wk͸kÉwgKG`i gGaÅ
ivR‹bwZK mGPZbZv e†w«¬ cvq| AvG±`vjb wbq¯¨GY AvbGZ weËwUk miKvi AvG±`vjbKvix
kÉwgK I ˆUÇW BDwbqb ˆbZ‡e†G±`i wei‚G«¬ `gbgƒjK eÅeÕ©v (ˆhgb Kvbcyi loh¯¨
gvgjv ‰es gxivU loh¯¨ gvgjv) MÉnY KGi, wK¯§ ˆKvb ˆKŒkjB AvG±`vjbGK `gb
KiGZ cvGi wb| eis ‰me evav JcwbGewkK kwî×i wei‚G«¬ msNwUZ AvG±`vjbGKB
AviI kwî×kvjx KGi| cieZÆxKvGj ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjb RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjGbi
mvG^ wbweofvGe hyî× nq ‰es kÉwgK ˆkÉYx JcwbGewkK kvmKG`i Pig wbhÆvZb
I A^Æ‹bwZK ˆkvlGYi wei‚G«¬ gywî×i jGÞÅ ˆRvivGjv AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ KGi|
1947
mvGj ˆ`k wefvGMi mgGq ˆewki fvM ˆUÇW BDwbqGbi ˆbZv wQGjb wn±`y ‰es hLb
Zuviv fviGZ Awfevmx nb, ZLb cvwKÕ¦vGb, weGklZ ‰i cƒeÆ AsGk Pjgvb AvG±`vjGb
‰K aiGbi ˆbZ‡Z½-kƒbÅZvi m†wÓ¡ nq| AwaK¯§, kÉwgK Õ¼v^Æ ‰wMGq ˆbIqv mÁ·wKÆZ
kÉwgKG`i cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒn AwaKvsk ˆÞGòB cvwKÕ¦vGbi evBGii ‰jvKvq AewÕ©Z
wQj| mgMÉ cvwKÕ¦vGb gvò 75wU wbew®¬Z ˆUÇW BDwbqb wQj, ˆhLvGb 1946 mvGj
Awefî× fviGZ ‰ msLÅv wQj 1,987wU| ‰B A͸msLÅK ˆUÇW BDwbqGbi gGaÅ cƒeÆ
AsGki mvgvbÅ KGqKwU evG` AwaKvskB wQj cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGb| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb
meÆGgvU 28,000 kÉwgKmn 141wU KviLvbv wQj ‰es ‰G`i 20,000 Rb m`mÅ wQj
30wU BDwbqGbi|
cvwKÕ¦vb
AvgGj AwaKvsk ˆUÇW BDwbqb ˆbZv ciÕ·iweGivax `†wÓ¡fwãi AwaKvix wQGjb
‰es ˆUÇW BDwbqbmgƒn wQj LwíZ I `yeÆj| dGj ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjb ‰K wechÆGqi
mÁÃyLxb nq, ˆUÇW BDwbqGbi KvhÆò×g cvwZ eyGRÆvqv ˆbZ‡GZ½i nvGZ PGj hvq|
AwaK¯§, cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjb BDwbqbmgƒGni fvãb, `xNÆÕ©vqx
agÆNU, cvΟvcvwΟ Zvjve®¬KiY, KvGR evav`vb, KLbI KLbI m¯¨vm BZÅvw`i
i…c cwiMÉn KGi|
ˆhGnZz
evsjvG`Gk ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjb weËwUk fviZ ‰es cvwKÕ¦vGb AviÁ¿ nq, ‰wU
cyuwRev`x ˆkvlGYi wecixGZ ‰KwU ˆkÉYxkwî×i cwieGZÆ JcwbGewkK AvwacGZÅi
wei‚G«¬ RvZxqZvev`x kwî× wnGmGe KvR Kivi Zvi cyivGbv PwiòB aGi ivGL|
‰i dGj ivR‹bwZK ˆbZ‡GZ½i nvGZ ‰ AçGj ˆh ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjb MwZ jvf
KGiwQj, Zv Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gk ivR‹bwZK I Av`wkÆK ˆÞGò wefî× nGq cGo|
‰B
mgqKvGj ˆUÇW BDwbqbmgƒGni AvG±`vjGbi Afů¦ixY weRGq miKvi ‰es kvmK`Gji
nÕ¦GÞc weGklfvGe ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| AGbK
wk͸ ‰jvKvq kvmK`Gji kÉwgK kvLv KZ‡ÆK eÅvcK m¯¨vm PvjvGbv nq ‰es BDwbqbmgƒGni
ˆbZ‡Z½ ˆ^GK mr ˆUÇW BDwbqbKvixG`i mwiGq ˆ`Iqvi cÉGPÓ¡v PGj| AwaK¯§,
gƒj BDwbqb chÆvGq ewnivMZG`i ˆUÇW BDwbqGbi ˆbZv nGZ wewa-wbGla AvGivc
BDwbqb wQbZvB-‰i cÉwò×qvGK AGbK mnR KGi ˆZvGj ‰es kÉwgKG`iGK ‰KwU AZů¦
`yeÆj I cÉwZiÞvnxb mÁ·É`vGq cwiYZ KGi|
wek
kZGK Avwki `kGKi cÉviGÁ¿ evsjvG`Gki mvgwiK miKvi me iKg ˆUÇW BDwbqb
ZrciZv wbwl«¬ KGi| ZLb kÉwgKG`i MYZvw¯¨K AwaKvimn ZvG`i A^Æ‹bwZK `vwe-`vIqv
cƒiGYi jGÞÅ ˆUÇW BDwbqbmgƒGni RvZxq ˆdWvGikbàwj (‰b‰dwUBD) kÉwgK KgÆPvix HKÅ cwil` (Õ•c) bvGg ‰KwU ˆRvU wnGmGe AvñcÉKvk KGi| kÉwgKG`i
AwaKvsk msMVbB Õ•cfzî× wQj| 1983 mvGji ci ˆ^GK evsjvG`Gki AwaKvsk ˆUÇW
BDwbqb AvG±`vjb Õ•c-‰i ˆbZ‡GZ½ msMwVZ nq| ‰Uv jÞÅ Kiv ˆMGQ ˆh, ˆ`Gki
ˆUÇW BDwbqbmgƒGni AvG±`vjGbi gyGL miKvi ‰es ˆUÇW BDwbqGbi ˆbZ‡e†G±`i
gGaÅ Õ¼vÞwiZ mgGSvZvmgƒn Õ•cmn ˆUÇW BDwbGbi ˆbZ‡e†G±`i myweavev` I wXGjXvjv
gGbvfvGei `i‚b kvmKgnj ˆmàwjGK AgvbÅ Kivi myGhvM MÉnY KGi| eZÆgvGb ˆZBkwU
‰b‰dwUBD-‰i gGaÅ DwbkwUi ˆbZ‡e†±` Õ•c-‰i A¯¦fzÆî×|
Õ•c
MwVZ nIqvi ci ZvG`i DœPZi gRywi ‰es MYZvw¯¨K AwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤vi jGÞÅ cuvP
`dv `vwe ˆck KGi| ‰ mKj `vwe Av`vGqi jGÞÅ Õ•Gci WvGK mgvGek, gkvj wgwQj,
weGÞvf, agÆNU, niZvj , AeGiva BZÅvw` AbywÓ¤Z nq| cwinvGmi welq ‰B ˆh, Õ•c ˆ`Gki kÉwgK ˆkÉYxi
RbÅ ˆKvb myÕ·Ó¡ djvdj Av`vq KiGZ eÅ^Æ nq| Õ•Gci AwaKvsk ˆbZvi `jxq ivR‹bwZK
AvbyMZÅ ^vKvi KviGY ˆbZ‡GZ½i AaxGb ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjGbi KvhÆKvwiZv
`yeÆj nGq cGo| Õ•Gci KgÆmƒwPmgƒGni cÉwZ ivR‹bwZK `jmgƒGni mg^ÆGbi Afve,
miKvGii Ici ˆemiKvwi KgÆmsÕ©vbKvix I `vZvGMvÓ¤xi AZÅwaK Pvc, ˆUÇW BDwbqb
AvG±`vjbGK `gb Kivi eÅeÕ©v MÉnGYi gvaÅGg Õ•Gci `vwe-`vIqv bv gvbv, wewf®²
BDwbqb ˆRvicƒeÆK `Lj, ˆUÇW BDwbqb ˆbZ‡e†±`GK Nyl ˆ`Iqv, BDwbqb ˆbZ‡e†G±`i
myweavev`x I AvcmKvgx gGbvfve Õ•Gci `vwemgƒnGK AKvhÆKi KGi ˆZvGj| cÉK‡ZcGÞ,
Õ•c ˆ`Gki kÉwgK ˆkÉYxi ‰KwU wejyµ¦cÉvq msMVGb cwiYZ nGqGQ, mviv ˆ`Gki
fwelÅr ˆUÇW BDwbqb AvG±`vjbGK MwZen Kivi gGZv ‰Lb ‰i mvgvbÅB ÞgZv iGqGQ| [Avõyj AvIqvj Lvb]