UvKkvj (gaÅhyMxq) UvKv Drcv`b I cÉeZÆb ˆK±`Ê 1205 wLËÓ¡vGõ evsjvq
gymwjg kvmb cÉwZÓ¤vi AeÅewnZ ciB kvmKMY ÷ay ivRavbx nGZB bq, Acivci
cÉkvmwbK ‰es evwYwRÅK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ kniàwj nGZI gy`Ëv ŠZwi KiGZ ÷i‚ KGib|
gy`Ëvàwj ÷ay miKvGii cÉavb ˆK±`Êàwji wefvRbB ˆ`Lvq bv, eis küGi ˆK±`Êàwji
Dïvb I cZbI wbG`Æk KGi| mvgvGRÅi weÕ¦‡wZi mvG^ mvG^ UvKkvj knGii msLÅvI
ò×gv¯¼Gq e†w«¬ cvq| AvwefÆvGei ò×gvbymvGi evsjvi UvKkvj knGii mswÞµ¦
chÆGeÞY wbÁ²i…c:
jLGbŒwZ
Mãvb`xi cwøgZxGi AewÕ©Z evsjvi Avw` UvKkvj kni|
mvwnwZÅK Dcv`vbmgƒn ‰ aviYv ˆ`q ˆh, 1205 wLËÓ¡vGõ BLwZqviDóxb gynÁÃ`
eLwZqvi LjRx KZƆK gymwjg kvmb cÉwZÓ¤vi mvG^ mvG^B jLGbŒwZ
‰KwU ivRavbx kni wnGmGe AvwefƃZ nq ‰es
cÉ^g UvKkvj kni nIqviI ˆMŒie ARÆb KGi| wK¯§
myÕ·Ó¡fvGe ˆmLvGb gyw`ËZ cÉ^g gy`Ëv wQj 634 wn/ 1236 wLËÓ¡vGõ
Rvjvjyóxb ivwRqvi (1236-1240) ˆiŒcÅ gy`Ëv| 1332 wLËÓ¡võ chƯ¦ UvKkvj
kni wnGmGe ‰wU Pvjy wQj| jLGbŒwZ bvbvfvGe gy`ËvmgƒGn wbG`ÆwkZ nGqGQ|
cÉv^wgK chÆvGq ˆKvbi…c eYÆbv QvovB ÷ay jLGbŒwZ wjLv nGqwQj, cieZÆxKvGj
wLîvn, nRiZ, kvn, BKwjg cÉf‡wZ kõ msGhvwRZ nGqwQj|
ˆmvbviMuvI XvKv kni nGZ 12 gvBj `wÞY-cƒGeÆ AewÕ©Z| UvKkvj
kni wnGmGe ˆmvbviMuvGqi hvòv ÷i‚ nq myjZvb kvgmyóxb wdi‚R kvn ‰i (1301-1322) mgq ˆ^GK| wdi‚R kvn ‰Lvb ˆ^GK 705 wn/ 1382
wLËÓ¡vGõ Zuvi gy`Ëvàwj ŠZwi KGib| UvKkvj kni wnGmGe ˆmvbviMuvGqi mgvwµ¦
NGU 784 wn/ 1382 wLËÓ¡vGõ myjZvb wmKv±`i kvGni mgGq (1358-1389)| ‰wU
myjZvb wMqvmDóxb AvRg kvn ‰i (1379-1410) gy`Ëv nGZ ev` cGo hvq, mÁ¿eZ ‰ KviGY ˆh,
gyqvägvev`GK ( ˆmvbviMuvI nGZ KGqK gvBj `ƒGi gyqvägcyi i…Gc kYvî×K‡Z)
cÉvavbÅ ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj| 34 eQi ci Avevi ˆmvbviMuvI UvKkvj kni wnGmGe
Avwef„ÆZ nq Rvjvjyóxb gynÁÃ` kvn ‰i AvgGj (1414-1431)| wK¯§ cieZÆx kvmKMY Zv AbymiY KGib
wb| ‰Lvb ˆ^GK Rvwi Kiv meÆGkl gy`Ëvi ZvwiL nGœQ 824 wn/ 1421 wLËÓ¡võ|
myZivs ‰K kZvõxi AwaK mgq aGi UvKkvj kni wnGmGe ˆmvbviMuvI Pvjy wQj|
‰wU nRiZ ‰es nRiZ Rvjvj cÉf‡wZ weGklGY wewf®² mgGq DwÍÏwLZ nGqGQ| ‰LvGb
DGÍÏL Kiv cÉGqvRb ˆh, `byRg`ÆG`e 1339
kKvGõ/ 820 wnRwiGZ myeYÆMÉvg UvKkvj nGZ gy`Ëv Rvwi KGiwQGjb|
wMqvmcyi UvKkvjwU myjZvb kvgmyóxb wdi‚GRi (1301-1322)
cyò wMqvmDóxb evnv`yi (1323-1332) KZƆK cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq ‰es Zuvi bvGg ‰i
bvgKiY Kiv nq| 722 wn/ 1322 wLËÓ¡vGõi gy`Ëvi gvaÅGg ‰wUi bvg cÉKvk cvq|
‰ gy`Ëvq ‰i bvGgi cƒGeÆ Avimvn ev kni kõwU msGhvwRZ nq| eZÆgvb gqgbwmsn
kni nGZ cÉvq cGbi gvBj `wÞY-cwøGg AewÕ©Z BbvGqZcyGii KvGQ ‰KB bvGgi
‰KwU ˆgŒRvi mvG^ ‰GK kbvî× Kiv nq| ZGe, kniwUi kbvî×xKiY ‰LbI P„ov¯¦
bq|
mvZMuvI
gymwjg cƒeÆhyGM
KjKvZvi cÉvq Kzwo gvBj DîGi Mãv-mÕ¼iÕ¼Zx ‰es hgybvi msMgÕ©Gji wbKGU
AewÕ©Z| mµ¦MÉvg bvGg cwiwPZ ‰wU gynÁÃ` web ZzMjK ‰i AvgGj (1325-1351)
‰KwU UvKkvj kni wnGmGe AvwefƃZ nq| ‰i cÉ^g cÉvµ¦ gy`Ëvi ZvwiL 729 wn/
1328 wLËÓ¡võ| 828 wn/ 1424 wLËÓ¡võ chƯ¦ wVK ‰KkZ eQi mgqKvj aGi ‰i
gy`Ëv ŠZwi Kivi AeÅvnZ K‡wZZ½ iGqGQ| UvKkvj kni wnGmGe ‰wU cybivq 946
wn/ 1539 wLËÓ¡vGõ ˆkikvGni mgGq (1538-1545) ài‚Z½cƒYÆ nGq IGV ‰es ‰Lvb
ˆ^GK RvwiK‡Z ˆkl gy`ËvwUi ZvwiL Bmjvg kvGni (1545-1554) mgGq 957 wn/
1550 wLËÓ¡võ| gy`ËvàwjGZ mvZMvuIGK ejv nGqGQ Avimvn| ‰GZ gGb nq ˆh,
mvZMuvI ‰KwU cÉkvmwbK BDwbU wQj|
wdi‚Rvev` jLGbŒwZ (ˆMŒo)
nGZ cÉvq Kzwo gvBj ‰es AvaywbK gvj`n kni nGZ gvò evi gvBj `ƒGi AewÕ©Z|
‰wU AvjvDóxb Avjx kvn ‰i (1341-42) mgGq UvKkvj kni wnGmGe AvwefÆƃZ nq| 754 wn/
1353 wLËÓ¡vGõi ‰KwU gy`Ëv UvKkvj kni wnGmGe wdi‚RvevG`i bvg cÉ^g enb
KGi| ‰ bvgwU kvgmyóxb wdi‚GRi bvgvbymvGi BZtcƒGeÆ cvíyqvGK ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj|
ci ci cuvPwU ivRZ½KvGj ‰wU miKvGii ˆK±`Ê wQj ‰es Rvjvjyóxb gynÁÃ` kvGni
ivRZ½KvGj ˆMŒo cybivq ivRavbxGZ cwiYZ nq| wK¯§ i‚Kbyóxb evieK kvGni
mgqKvj (1449-1474) chƯ¦ wdi‚Rvev` ‰KwU UvKkvj kni wnGmGe Pvjy wQj|
‰ici UvKkvj wnGmGe ‰i KvhÆò×g e®¬ nGq hvq| ˆkikvn ‰GK cybivq ài‚Z½ cÉ`vb KGib ‰es ‰Lvb ˆ^GK Zuvi ˆiŒcÅ gy`Ëvàwj Rvwi
KGib| ‰ gy`Ëvàwji ZvwiL 947 wn/ 1541 wLËÓ¡võ ‰es 948 wn/ 1542 wLËÓ¡vGõ
ŠZwi| gy`ËvàwjGZ wdi‚RvevG`i cƒGeÆ wewf®² kõ - ˆhgb, Avj-evjv`vZ Avj-gyqväg,
nRiZ ‰es Avj-evjv`vZ Avj-gvni‚mvn eÅen…Z nGqGQ| ‰LvGb weGklfvGe DGÍÏLGhvMÅ
ˆh, `byRg`Æb ˆ`e ‰es gGn±`Ê ˆ`e cvíybMi nGZ h^vò×Gg 1339 I 1340 kKvõ/
820 I 841 wnRwiGZ gy`Ëv Rvwi KGiwQGjb|
kni-B-bI
kvgmyóxb Bwjqvm kvn (1342-1358) ‰es
wmKv±`i kvGni ‰KwU UvKkvj kni| wmKv±`i kvGni kvmb KvGji cGi ‰ bvgwU
evsjvi gy`Ëv nGZ wejyµ¦ nGq hvq| ‰ UvKkvj nGZ RvwiK‡Z meÆcÉ^g ‰es meÆGkl
gy`Ëvi ZvwiL h^vò×Gg 746 wn/ 1345 wLËÓ¡võ ‰es 786 wn/ 1384 wLËÓ¡võ|
gy`Ëvq ‰i bvGgi AvGM Avjevjv` ‰es Avimvn mshyî× Kiv nGqGQ| ‰i mwVK kbvî×xKiY
‰LbI ‰KwU weZwKÆZ welq| ˆek wKQymsLÅK cwíZ gGb KGib ˆh, ˆMŒo ‰es cvíyqvi
wbKGU AewÕ©Z nIqvq kni-B-bI ÷ay DcbMGii ghÆv`v enb KiZ ‰es hw` ‰ K^v
Avgiv weGePbvq Avwb ˆh, ‰wU UvKkvj kni wnGmGe eÅen…Z nIqvi gvò Qq eQi
cƒGeÆ nRiZ cvíyqv ivRavbx wnGmGe AvwefÆƃZ nGqwQj, ZvnGj Avgiv
aviYv KiGZ cvwi ˆh, ivRavbx wnGmGe cvíyqvi bZzbZ½ ZLbI eRvq wQj| dGj
kni-B-bI hv kõMZfvGe bZzb bMi eySvq - cvíyqvGKB wbG`Æk KGi|
gyqvägvev` eËþcyò bG`i wecixZ ZxGi ˆmvbviMuvI
nGZ evi gvBj Dîi-cwøGg AewÕ©Z ‰KwU cyivZb MÉvg ˆgvqvägcyGii mvG^ kbvî×K‡Z|
wmKv±`i kvn bMiwU cÉwZÓ¤v KiGZ cvGib ‰es mÁ¿eZ Zuvi wbGRi ‘Avj-gyqväg’
Dcvwa AbymvGi ‰wUi ‰i…c bvgKiY Kiv nGqwQj| Zuvi 760 wn/ 1359 wLËÓ¡vGõi
gy`Ëvàwj meÆcÉ^g ‰ UvKkvGji DGÍÏL KGi| ‰K kZvõxi AwaKKvj AwZevwnZ nIqvi
ci myjZvb AvjvDóxb ˆnvGmb kvn (1494 -1519) ‰KwU UvKkvj kni wnGmGe
‰i ài‚Z½ cybi‚äxweZ KGib| ‰ UvKkvj nGZ gyw`ËZ cÉvµ¦ meÆGkl gy`Ëvàwji
ZvwiL nGœQ 907 wn/ 1501 wLËÓ¡võ| jLGbŒwZGZ ivRavbx Õ©vbv¯¦wiZKiY ‰es
ˆmvbviMuvI nGZ bZzb bMGi gvbyGli ò×g AwfevmGbi dGj ‰i RbmsLÅv ‰es mg†w«¬
e†w«¬ cvq I P„ov¯¦ chÆvGq BKwjg-B-gyqvägvevG`i mvG^ ˆMŒieRbK Dcvwa nRiZ
Rvjvj (A^Ævr myjZvGbi DcwÕ©wZ ev Avmb) mshyî× Kiv nq hv ˆmvbviMuvGqi
cƒGeÆKvi cv^ÆKÅmƒPK bvg wQj|
Rv®²vZvev`
jLGbŒwZi mvG^
Awf®² eGj weGewPZ| ÷ay myjZvb wMqvmDóxb AvRg kvGni gy`Ëvq, weGkl KGi
790 wn/ 1388 wLËÓ¡võ ‰es 798 wn/ 1395 wLËÓ¡vGõi gy`ËvàwjGZ ‰wUGK ‰KwU
UvKkvj kni wnGmGe ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰ gy`Ëv cÉgvGY Aveyj dRGji eî×eÅ wg^Åv eGj
cÉwZc®² nq ˆh, gyMj mgËvU ügvqyb (1530-1540 ‰es 1555-1556) jLGbŒwZi
bvgKiY KGiwQGjb Rv®²vZvev`|
dGZnvev` dviwm DrmgƒGn gnj dGZnvev` A^ev miKvi dGZnvev`
wnGmGe DwÍÏwLZ| ‰wU h^v^ÆfvGe AvaywbK dwi`cyi knGii mvG^ kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ|
Rvjvjyóxb gnÁÃ` kvn ‰wU cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰ UvKkvj kni nGZ RvwiK‡Z meÆcÉ^g
gy`Ëvàwji ZvwiL 840 wn/ 1436 wLËÓ¡võ| i‚Kbyóxb evieK kvn ‰es
Zuvi cyò kvgmyóxb BDmyd kvn ‰i (1476-1480) ivRZ½KvGj ռ͸Kvjxb
weiwZmn evsjvi Õ¼vaxb myjZvbG`i
mviv mgqKvGj ‰wU ‰KwU UvKkvj knGii ghÆv`v wbGq wUGK wQj|
PvUMuvI nGœQ AvaywbK PëMÉvg ‰es kvGqÕ¦v Lvb
(1664-1688) KZ‡ÆK ‰i bvg ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj Bmjvgvev`| myjZvb wMqvmDóxb AvRg
kvn PvUMuvIGK UvKkvj knGii ghÆv`v cÉ`vb KGib| Zuvi DîivwaKvwiMY UvKkvjwU
e®¬ KGi ˆ`b| wK¯§ ‰wU myjZvb Rvjvjyóxb gynÁÃ` kvn KZ‡ÆK cybi‚äxweZ nGqwQj
whwb ‰Lvb ˆ^GK 818 wn/ 1415 wLËÓ¡võ nGZ 835 wn/ 1431 wLËÓ¡võ chƯ¦ gy`ËvRvwi
KGiwQGjb| gy`Ëvq ‰GK Avimvn ejv nGqGQ hv BwãZ KGi ˆh, ‰wU ‰KwU cÉkvmwbK
BDwbU wnGmGe KvR KiwQj| ‰LvGb DGÍÏL Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi ˆh, `byRg`Æb ˆ`e PvwUMÉvg,
wbwøZfvGe ‰KB Õ©vb, nGZ 1339 kKvõ/ 820 wnRwiGZ gy`Ëv Rvwi KGib| Zuvi
cyò gGn±`Ê ˆ`e ‰KB UvKkvj nGZ 1340 kKvõ/ 821 wnRwiGZ gy`Ëv Rvwi KGib|
ˆivUvmcyi
‰i bvg UvKkvj
wnGmGe 827 wn/ 1423 wLËÓ¡vGõ myjZvb Rvjvjyóxb KZƆK RvwiK‡Z ‰KwU gvò
gy`Ëvq ˆ`Lv hvq| Z^Åvw`i ռ͸Zvi KviGY ‰i kbvî×xKiY `yi…n| wenvGii ˆivUvmMGoi
mvG^ ‰i kbvî×xKiY AwbwøZ|
gvngy`vev` AvcvZZfvGe myjZvb bvwmi‚óxb gvngy` kvn
(1436-1459)-‰i bvg Abyhvqx bvg jvf KGiGQ| ‰B myjZvb cÉ^g ‰LvGb 858 wn/
1454 wLËÓ¡vGõ gy`Ëv ŠZwi KGiwQGjb| cieZÆx myjZvbG`i gy`Ëvq UvKkvjwUi
bvg ev` cGo hvq| mvBdzóxb wdi‚Rkvn (1482-1490) ‰es bvwmi‚óxb bymiZ kvn (1519-1532)-‰i gy`Ëvq ‰i bvg cybivq ˆ`Lv hvq| kniwUi kbvî×xKiY
‰LbI mG±`nRbK| ‰wUGK AvBb-B-AvKeix ‰i miKvi gvngy`vevG`i
A¯¦MÆZ gnj gvngy`vevG`i mvG^ kbvî× Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| miKvi gvngy`vev` Dîi-cƒeÆ
b`xqv, Dîi-cƒeÆ hGkvi ‰es dwi`cyGii cwøgvçj wbGq MwVZ wQj|
evieKvev`
UvKkvj myjZvb
i‚Kbyóxb evieK kvn KZƆK cÉwZwÓ¤Z nGqwQj ‰es Zuvi bvGg bvgKiY Kiv nGqwQj|
cwøg eGãi A¯¦MÆZ cwøg w`bvRcyi ˆRjvi gvnxmG¯¦vl ‰i mvG^ ‰GK
kbvî× Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰ UvKkvGji cÉvµ¦ Avw` gy`Ëvi ZvwiL nGœQ 864 wn/
1459 wLËÓ¡võ| Aci `yRb myjZvb KZ‡ÆKI ‰ UvKkvj nGZ gy`Ëv Rvwi Kiv nGqwQj|
‰iv nGjb kvgmyóxb gyRvddi kvn (1491-1494) ‰es bvwmi‚óxb bymivZ kvn|
meÆGkl gy`Ëvi ZvwiL 928 wn/ 1521 wLËÓ¡võ|
gyRvddivev`
÷ay myjZvb
i‚Kbyóxb evieK kvGni AvgGjB UvKkvj kni wnGmGe ˆ`Lv hvq ‰es H UvKkvGji
cÉvµ¦ gy`Ëvq ‰Kgvò ZvwiL nGœQ 867 wn/ 1462 wLËÓ¡võ| kniwUGK cvíyqvi
wbKUeZÆx ‰KwU ‰jvKvi mvG^ ‰es AvBb-B-AvKeixGZ DGÍÏwLZ miKvi ˆNvovNvGUi
evRy Rvdi kvnxi mvG^I kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ|
gynÁÃ`vev`
bvGgi UvKkvj
kniwU ‰LbI kbvî×xKiGYi AGcÞvq AvGQ| ‰wU 88? wnRwi ZvwiGLi ‰KwU gy`Ëvq
cÉKvk cvq hv myjZvb Rvjvjyóxb dGZn kvn ‰i (1481-1487) ivRZ½KvGji
A¯¦fzÆî×| ˆnvGmb kvnx esGki mKj myjZvGbi AvgGjB UvKkvj kni wnGmGe ‰wU
Pvjy wQj| ‰ UvKkvj nGZ cÉvµ¦ meÆGkl gy`Ëvi ZvwiL nGœQ 934 wn/ 1527 wLËÓ¡võ|
ümvBbvev`
mÁ·GKÆ wkjvwjwc
nGZ Rvbv hvq| wkjvwjwcGZ wZbwU ümvBbvevG`i DGÍÏL AvGQ| ‰i ‰KwU 24 ciMbv
ˆRjvq, w«¼ZxqwU gywkÆ`vevG` ‰es Z‡ZxqwU jLGbŒwZi wbKGU gvj`vn ˆRjvq|
hywî×mãZ KviGY ümvBbvev` UvKkvjwUGK jLGbŒwZi wbKUeZÆxwUi mvG^
kbvî× Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰wU myjZvb ˆnvGmb kvn KZ‡ÆK cÉwZwÓ¤Z ‰es Zuvi bvGg
bvgKiY Kiv nGqwQj| 899 wn/ 1494 wLËÓ¡võ nGZ 952 wn/ 1545 wLËÓ¡võ chƯ¦
kniwU ‰KwU UvKkvj kni wnGmGe ghÆv`v ˆfvM KGiGQ|
P±`Êvev`
UvKkvj knGii
bvg myjZvb ˆnvGmb kvGni ‰KwU ZvwiLwenxb gy`Ëvi gvaÅGg cÉKvk cvq| gywkÆ`vev`
ˆRjvi Puv`cyGii mvG^ ‰GK kbvî× Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| ‰ Õ©vGbi mvG^ cÉ^g RxeGb
ˆnvGmb kvGni mÁ·KÆ wQj|
bymiZvev`
UvKkvjwU myjZvb
bvwmi‚óxb bymiZ kvn KZ‡ÆK cÉwZwÓ¤Z nGqwQj ‰es Zuvi bvGg bvgKiY Kiv nGqwQj|
myjZvb bvwmi‚óxb gvngy` kvGni 861 wn/ 1457 wLËÓ¡vGõi ‰KwU gy`Ëvq ‰wU
cÉ^g AvwefƃZ nq ‰es ˆkl `y’Rb ˆnvGmb kvnx kvmK, bvwmi‚óxb bymiZ kvn
‰es wMqvmDóxb gvngy` kvn ‰ kniGK ZuvG`i UvKkvj wnGmGe eÅenvi KGiwQGjb|
‰ UvKkvGji ˆkl gy`ËvwUi ZvwiL 933 wn/ 1526 wLËÓ¡võ| w`bvRcyi, iscyi
‰es eàov ˆRjv mgƒGni AskweGkl wbGq MwVZ miKvi ˆNvovNvGUi A¯¦MÆZ gnj
bymiZvevG`i mvG^ ‰GK kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ|
LvwjdZvev`
AvaywbK evGMinvGUi
mvG^ kbvî×xK‡Z| bvwmi‚óxb bymiZ kvn ‰Lvb ˆ^GK 922 wn/ 1516 wLËÓ¡vGõ
gy`ËvRvwi KiGj ‰wU ‰KwU UvKkvj kni wnGmGe AvZÄcÉKvk KGi| ‰wU
‰LvGb DGÍÏGLi `vwe ivGL ˆh, Zuvi wcZvi RxeókvqB bymiZ kvn wbR
bvGg gy`Ëv Rvwi Kivi weGkl AwaKvi ˆfvM KGiwQGjb| wMqvmDóxb gvngy` kvGni
ivRZ½KvGjI ‰wU UvKkvj knGii ghÆv`v ˆfvM KiGZ ^vGK| ‰ UvKkvj ˆ^GK Zuvi
RvwiK‡Z ˆkl gy`Ëvi ZvwiL 942 wn/ 1535 wLËÓ¡võ|
LwjdvZvev`-e`icyi evGMinvGUi wbKGU ‰KwU Dckni| eZÆgvGb ‰wU wejxb
nGq ˆMGQ| myjZvb wMqvmDóxb gvngy` kvGni 941 wn/ 1534 wLËÓ¡vGõi gy`Ëv
nGZ LwjdvZvev`-e`icyGii bvg cvIqv hvq| eÕ§Z, myjZvb Zuvi wbGRi bvg Ave`-Avj-e`i
Abyhvqx we`Ågvb LwjdvZvevG`i bvGgi mvG^ ÷ay e`i kõwU ˆhvM KGib|
kixdvev`
cwøgeGãi exif„Ggi
cÉZů¦ `wÞY-cwøGg mgy`Ë nGZ KGqK gvBj `ƒGi AewÕ©Z| ˆkikvn ‰es Bmjvg
kvn (1545-1554) ‰wUGK ‰KwU UvKkvj kni wnGmGe eÅenvi KGib| ZuvG`i meÆcÉ^g
gy`Ëvi ZvwiL nGœQ 986 wn/ 1539 wLËÓ¡võ ‰es meÆGkl gy`Ëvi 953 wn/ 1546
wLËÓ¡võ|
Zvív
gvj`Gni cGbGiv
gvBj `wÞY-cƒGeÆ wVK ˆhLvGb Mãv b`x ˆlvok kZvõxGZ `ywU kvLvq wefî× nGqwQj,
ˆmLvGbB AewÕ©Z| myjvqgvb Kiivbx (1565-1572) 972 wn/ 1565 wLËÓ¡vGõ ‰wUGK
Zuvi ivRavbx KGiwQGjb| Zvívi ‰ ghÆv`v gvbwmsGni mgq (1594) chƯ¦ wQj|
UvKkvj kni wnGmGe ‰wU `vD` Lvb Kiivbx ‰i mgGq (1573-1576) 980
wn/ 1573 wLËÓ¡vGõ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ nGq IGV ‰es 984 wn/ 1576 wLËÓ¡võ chƯ¦ H
AeÕ©vGb wQj|
PvDwjÕ¦vb/
AvIqvwjÕ¦vb IiGd Kvgi‚, es, AvivKvb cÉf‡wZ AviI KwZcq UvKkvGji bvgI
gy`Ëvq cvIqv hvq| wK¯§ ‰àwj UvKkvj kni wQj bv, eis ‰àwj wQj wewf®² mgGq
gymjgvbG`i «¼viv wewRZ f„-ivR‹bwZK BDwbU| Z`ycwi, ˆKD ˆhb ˆ`LGZ fzj
bv KGib ˆh, myjZvbMY cÉvqB ZuvG`i ivRavbxi bvg cwieZÆb KiGZb| D`vniYÕ¼i…c
DGÍÏL Kiv hvq ˆh, ümvBbvev` ‰es bymiZvev` nGœQ jLGbŒwZi cwiewZÆZ bvg
‰es Rv®²vZvev` wQj Õ·Ó¡fvGeB ‰KB bMGii weGkl bvg| Abyi…cfvGe kni-B-bI
wQj Lye mÁ¿eZ jLGbŒwZ A^ev cvíyqvi ‰KwU Dckni|
[ˆgvt AvLZvi‚ävgvb]
Mɯ©cwé Abdul Karim,
Corpus of the Muslim Coins of Bengal (Down to A.D, 1538), Dhaka,
1960.
